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Theranostic nanocomplex of gold-decorated upconversion nanoparticles for optical imaging and temperature-controlled photothermal therapy
摘要： The multifunctional hybrid nanomaterials could bring alternative solutions to current public health problems like cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this work, the near-infrared-activated NaYF4:Yb,Er up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were synthesized and covalently decorated with sub-10 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a 10 min reaction. The UCNPs in the UCNPs-AuNPs complex converted the deep-penetrating 975 nm near-infrared photons into visible emissions, which were simultaneously used for multiple applications: i) plasmon-induced photothermal therapy, ii) in situ sensing and control of the temperature (nano-thermometer), and iii) contrast agent for fluorescence imaging and cell tracking at the tissues transparency window. The effective energy transfer of green emissions and consequent temperature increment was enhanced by the short separation between donor (UCNPs) and acceptor nanoparticles (AuNPs). The induced hyperthermia locally triggered irreversible cancer cell damage, considerably reducing the cell viability upon 5 min of NIR irradiation but being practically inert in the absence of infrared light exposure. In addition, the non-transferred fractions of the 525 and 545 nm green emission bands were suitable for the ratiometric temperature sensing in a physiologically relevant range (25–50 °C), which allowed to accurately monitor and control the heat generation during the photothermal therapy application (with effective temperature increase from 37 up to 45 °C). Since the 659 nm red emission was only slightly affected by the attached-gold nanospheres, the UCNPs-AuNPs nanocomplex were used to track the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The simplicity and functionality of this nanocomplex make it an attractive alternative for simultaneous breast cancer detection and temperature-controlled photothermal therapy.
关键词： Nano-thermometer,Breast cancer,Upconversion nanoparticles,Photothermal therapy,Theranostics
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Highly Erbium-Doped Nanoplatform with Enhanced Red Emission for Dual-Modal Optical-Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Therapy
摘要： Generally, luminescence quenching at high doping concentrations typically limits the concentration of doped ions in the lanthanide material to less than 0.05?20 mol %, and this is still a major hindrance in designing nanoplatforms with improved brightness. In this research, a nanoplatform capable of dual-modal imaging and synergetic antitumor cells therapy was designed. NaYF4:x%Er@NaXF4 (x = 5, 25, 50, and 100; X = Lu and Y) core@shell nanoparticles with Er3+ ion concentration up to 100 mol % were synthesized, and the luminescence properties under near-infrared (NIR) excitation were detected. The results show the strong coupled of surface and concentration quenching effects in upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP). Upconversion luminescence (UCL) and NIR-II emission intensity increased with negligible concentration quenching effect under 980 and 800 nm NIR lasers because of the growth of epitaxial shells. Therefore, the enhanced red luminescence transfers energy to photosensitizer ZnPc as the photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent for tumor inhibition efficacy.
关键词： photodynamic therapy,upconversion nanoparticles,luminescence quenching,nanoplatform,synergetic antitumor cells therapy,NaYF4:x%Er@NaXF4,dual-modal imaging
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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In situ Synthesis of Dicarboxylic Acid-Functionalized Upconversion Nanoparticles for Bioimaging Applications
摘要： We report a one-step strategy to in situ synthesize highly water-dispersable NaYF4:Yb/Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) by employing dicarboxylic acids. The dicarboxylic acids serve as a type of dual-purpose surface ligand for both controlling the growth and enabling the water-dispersability of the NaYF4:Yb/Er UCNPs. It is found that the carbon chain length of the dicarboxylic acids has a marked effect on the size and morphology of the UCNPs. Among the dicarboxylic acids studied, adipic acid shows a more superior performance. The UCNPs functionalized with adipic acid exhibit comparatively uniform size and morphology, as well as excellent water-dispersability. Our results also demonstrate their minimal toxicity and great potential for bioimaging applications.
关键词： bioimaging,water-dispersable,dicarboxylic acids,upconversion nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Over 1000-fold enhancement of upconversion luminescence using water-dispersible metal-insulator-metal nanostructures
摘要： Rare-earth activated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are receiving renewed attention for use in bioimaging due to their exceptional photostability and low cytotoxicity. Often, these nanoparticles are attached to plasmonic nanostructures to enhance their photoluminescence (PL) emission. However, current wet-chemistry techniques suffer from large inhomogeneity and thus low enhancement is achieved. In this paper, we report lithographically fabricated metal-insulator-metal (MIM) nanostructures that show over 1000-fold enhancement of their PL. We demonstrate the potential for bioimaging applications by dispersing the MIMs into water and imaging bladder cancer cells with them. To our knowledge, our results represent one and two orders of magnitude improvement, respectively, over the best lithographically fabricated structures and colloidal systems in the literature. The large enhancement will allow for bioimaging and therapeutics using lower particle densities or lower excitation power densities, thus increasing the sensitivity and efficacy of such procedures while decreasing potential side effects.
关键词： upconversion nanoparticles,plasmonic enhancement,bioimaging,photoluminescence,metal-insulator-metal nanostructures
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Morphological evolution of upconversion nanoparticles and their biomedical signal generation
摘要： Advancements in the fabrication of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) for synthetic control can enable a broad range of applications in biomedical systems. Herein, we experimentally verified the role of the hydrothermal reaction (HR) time in the synthesis of NaYF4:20%Yb3+/3%Er3+ UCNPs on their morphological evolution and phase transformation at different temperatures. Characterizations of the as-prepared UCNPs were conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy and spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric and upconversion (UC) luminescence analysis. We demonstrated that determining the optimal HR time, also referred to here as the threshold time, can produce particles with good homogeneity, hexagonal phase, and UC luminescence efficiency. Subsequently, the polymer coated UCNPs maintained their original particle size distribution and luminescence properties, and showed improved dispersibility in a variety of solvents, cellular nontoxicity, in vitro bioimaging, and biocompatibility as compared to the bare UCNP. Besides this, polyacrylic acid conjugated UCNPs (UCNP@PAA) also revealed the strong anticancer effect by conjugating with doxorubicin (DOX) as compared to the free DOX. Based on these findings, we suggest that these particles will be useful in drug-delivery systems and as in vivo bioimaging agents synchronously.
关键词： phase transformation,morphological evolution,biomedical applications,hydrothermal reaction,upconversion nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Future prospects of fluoride based upconversion nanoparticles for emerging applications in biomedical and energy harvesting
摘要： Rare earth doped/codoped phosphors have been extensively studied for different types of applications based on their intense luminescence features. For this, researchers have tried to choose the inorganic host matrices having both a low phonon cut-off frequency and a high refractive index. Many articles have been published on oxide based phosphor materials, but due to their high cut-off phonon frequency, use of these materials is restricted for optical based applications. This is why additional research has been carried out on fluoride based host materials because of their low phonon frequencies, low composition degradation, and high quantum efficiency. In this paper, the authors review the rare earth fluoride based host nano- and micromaterials for different applications and discuss possible mechanisms.
关键词： biomedical applications,fluoride based upconversion nanoparticles,energy harvesting,luminescence,rare earth doped phosphors
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Simultaneous detection of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and fenitrothion through lanthanide doped β-NaYF4 upconversion nanoparticles with different emitting light colors
摘要： A real-time, on-site rapid and sensitive detection method of low-molecular chemical pollutants was developed by an immunochromatographic strip based on the competitive reaction between the pesticide antigens and polyclonal antibody labeled with upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) bio-probes. Two polyclonal antibodies of 2, 4-D and fenitrothion were labeled by β-NaYF4:Yb, Er (green phosphors) and β-NaY(Gd)F4:Yb, Er (red phosphors) UCNPs respectively and dropped to the conjugation pads on the immunochromatographic strip. The competitors of fenitrothion-OVA and 2, 4-D-OVA were immobilized onto a nitrocellulose membrane to form two test lines T1 and T2, respectively. Meanwhile, the goat anti-rabbit IgG was built onto a nitrocellulose membrane to form control lines (C). The detection limits of 2, 4-D and fenitrothion are 5 ng/mL and 12 ng/mL respectively by using the UCNPs-based immunochromatographic strip. The demonstrated results indicated that two di?erent emitting colors UCNPs have great superiority as luminescent bio-probes for simultaneous detection of low-molecular pesticide residues.
关键词： Multi-component detection,2,4-D,Fenitrothion,Immunochromatography,Upconversion nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Dual-Channel Photoelectrochemical Ratiometric Aptasensor with Up-converting Nanocrystals Using Spatial-Resolved Technique on Homemade 3D Printed Device
摘要： A near-infrared light (NIRL)-activated ratiometric photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor was fabricated for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) coupling with upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)-semiconductor nanocrystals-based spatial-resolved technique on a homemade 3D printing device in which a self-regulating integrated electrode was designed for dual signal readout. The as-prepared NaYF4:Yb, Er UCNPs@CdTe nanocrystals were initially assembled on two adjacent photoelectrodes, then CEA aptamer 1 (A1) and capture DNA (CA) were modified onto two working photoelectrodes (WP1 and WP2) through covalent binding, respectively, and then gold nanoparticle-labeled CEA aptamer 2 (Au NP-A2) were immobilized on the surface of functional WP2 for the formation of double-stranded DNA. Upon target CEA introduction, the various concentrations of CEA were captured on the WP1, whereas the binding of the CEA with Au NP-A2 could be released from the WP2 thanks to the highly affinity of CEA toward A2. The dual signal readout with the 'signal-off' of WP1 and 'signal-on' of WP2 were employed for the spatial-resolved PEC (SR-PEC) strategy to detect CEA as an analytical model. Combining NaYF4:Yb, Er UCNPs@CdTe nanocrystals with spatial-resolved model on 3D printing device, the PEC ratiometric aptasensor based on steric hindrance effect and exciton-plasmon interactions (EPI) exhibited a linear range from 10.0 pg mL-1 to 5.0 ng mL-1 with a limit of detection of 4.8 pg mL-1 under 980 nm illumination. The SR-PEC ratiometric strategy showed acceptable stability and reproducibility with a superior anti-interference ability. This approach can provide the guidance for the design of ratiometric, multiplexed and point-of-care biosensors.
关键词： 3D printing device,upconversion nanoparticles,Photoelectrochemical biosensor,ratiometric,spatial-resolved technique,carcinoembryonic antigen
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14