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Cell viability assessments of green synthesized water-soluble AgInS <sub/>2</sub> /ZnS core/shell quantum dots against different cancer cell lines
摘要： Chalcopyrite quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as a safe alternative to cadmium-based QDs for bio-applications. However, the research on AgInS2 chalcopyrite QDs has not been widely explored in terms of their toxicity. Herein, we report a synthesis of biocompatible AgInS2/ZnS QDs via a greener approach. The emission intensity of the as-synthesized AgInS2 core QDs was enhanced 2-fold after the ZnS shell growth. X-ray diffraction revealed the tetragonal crystal structure of QDs, and high-resolution transmission electron microscope images show that the QDs are spherical in shape and crystalline in nature. Cell viability assays conducted on different cell lines, such as HeLa, A549, and BHK-21 cells, indicated that AgInS2/ZnS QDs are least toxic at a QD concentration range of 100 lg/mL. The ?uorescent microscope analysis of A549 cells incubated with AgInS2/ZnS QDs shows that the QDs were accumulated in the cell membranes. The as-synthesized AgInS2/ZnS QDs are less toxic and eco-friendly, and can be used for biolabeling.
关键词： cell viability,AgInS2/ZnS,biolabeling,Chalcopyrite quantum dots,biocompatibility
更新于2025-11-19 16:46:39
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Additional Stability Testing of Cryopreserved Intestinal Biopsies for Downstream Flow Cytometric Analysis
摘要： The use of flow cytometry (FC) in therapeutic clinical trials involving patients with gastrointestinal (GI) diseases may accelerate drug development by providing insights into pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships and target engagement, as well as by identifying responder populations. The application of FC in these trials, however, has been constrained by the practical limitations of storing and shipping intestinal biopsy samples prior to cell extraction and FC analysis, and the potential impact of handling and storage conditions on viable cell yield. Furthermore, there has been a lack of standardization for these processes. We have undertaken research to attempt to address these constraints to the inclusion of translational science in multi-center clinical trials. Our previous work, Wildenberg et al. (2018, 459:50-54), published in this journal, demonstrated that it was feasible to store intestinal biopsies from patients with Crohn's disease under conditions that allow for subsequent processing with preservation of adequate numbers of viable cells for valid FC analyses. This study demonstrated that storage of intestinal tissue biopsies at ?20 °C in DMSO/citrate buffer for up to 48 h resulted in sufficient viable cell yield for FC analysis without affecting subsequent marker-positive cell proportions. Although these preliminary findings provide support for the shipping and storage of intestinal biopsies for centralized FC analysis in multicenter clinical trials, some practical limitations remain. For example, in the clinical trial setting, where patient enrolment and study procedures occur in an ongoing fashion and frequently over an extended period of time, it is impracticable from a resource perspective for a central laboratory to process study samples as they are collected from individual patients. Furthermore, contemporary clinical trials in the inflammatory bowel diseases are most often conducted on a global scale. Shipping and processing of biopsy samples by a central laboratory within a 48 h timeframe in this context would compound costs and add logistical hurdles that might discourage industry support for the inclusion of translational science in the multi-center clinical trial setting. In this regard, longer-term storage, and batch processing of study biopsy samples would be a preferred method. This approach would reduce both the variability and costs associated with more frequent assays and expansive resource utilization. To that end, we developed an addendum to our original study protocol to examine the effect of longer-term storage condition prior to cell isolation and FC on viable cell yield and the proportions of immune cell phenotypes from intestinal biopsies. Consistent with the original protocol, the study was performed at Tytgat Institute (Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) under the original ethics approval, and with informed consent. Biopsies (N = 180) were procured from surgically resected inflamed or non-inflamed ileal and/or colonic tissue from four patients undergoing Crohn's disease-related surgeries (colectomy [n = 2], subtotal colectomy, ileo-cecal resection). Two biopsies were pooled and processed as a single sample, resulting in 90 samples per surgical specimen and 18 samples per condition tested. The effects of 5 different storage conditions on cell viability and subsequent FC analyses were compared in this study addendum; immediate (< 1 h from sample receipt) processing, storage at ?20 °C and ?80 °C for 24 h with subsequent overnight storage on dry ice (to mimic real life shipping conditions) followed by long-term (2–3 months) storage at ?20 °C and ? 80 °C, and immediate long-term storage at ?20 °C and ? 80 °C. Subsequent methods for cell isolation, staining, and FACS analysis were as previously described (Wildenberg et al. 2018, 459:50–54). Analysis of freshly processed biopsy samples resulted in a mean (standard deviation, SD) yield of 36916.7 (59194.7) live immune cells as identified by CD45+ staining. Storage of biopsies for greater than or equal to two months at either ?20° or ? 80 °C significantly reduced the mean [standard deviation] number of live CD45+ cells compared to immediate processing (372.0 [607.1] and 4065.3 [4489.7], respectively, p < 0.001 for both comparisons with immediate processing). Sufficient cell yield (≥ 300 live CD45+ cells) for subsequent FC analysis was obtained from 77.8% (14/18) of samples processed immediately compared to 22.2% (4/18) and 27.8% (5/18) of samples stored at ?20 °C (with and without simulated shipment; p < 0.001 chi square test) and 77.8% (14/18) and 94.4% (17/18) of samples stored at ?80 °C (with and without simulated shipping; p = 0.439). We further evaluated the effect of storage on the composition of specific cell types in the samples and observed a significant decrease in the proportion of CD3+ and CD4+ cells after storage at ?20 °C compared to samples that were immediately processed (Table 1 and Fig. 1, panels A and B). The proportion of CD8+ and CD14+ cells was unaffected by storage temperature, although the standard deviations for the proportions of these cells in samples stored at ?20 °C were larger than for those observed for samples stored at ?80 °C (Table 1 and Fig. 1, panels C and D). In conclusion, our previous work demonstrated that it is feasible to store mucosal biopsies at ?20 °C for 48 h in DMSO/citrate buffer before further processing with preservation of adequate numbers of viable cells for valid FC analyses suggesting that centralized FC is possible. These data provided a basis for performing additional stability testing (including shipping and longer storage). Results from this protocol addendum suggest that lower temperatures (?80 °C) may be required for longer-term storage of mucosal biopsies, and that long-term storage at ?20 °C may both reduce viable cell yield, and alter the proportion of certain immune cells detected on subsequent FC analysis. We cannot, however, exclude the possibility that our results were confounded by selection bias and/or that the effects that we observed on cell proportion were the result of significantly fewer samples with ≥300 live CD45+ cells for analysis after storage at ?20 °C (albeit a result of decreased viability). Overnight storage of biopsies on dry ice to mimic real life shipping conditions to a central laboratory did not appear to affect live cell yield or immune cell proportions for the markers studied (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD14+).
关键词： Biopsy,Long-term storage,Viability,Inflammatory bowel disease,Fluorescence activated cell sorting
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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The Response of Picea abies Somatic Embryos to UV-B Radiation Depends on the Phase of Maturation
摘要： Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is a key environmental signal which initiates diverse responses that affect the metabolism, development, and viability of plants. In keeping with our previous studies, we concentrated primarily on how UV-B radiation affects Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] somatic embryo maturation and how phenolics and polyamines (PAs) are linked to the defense response invoked by UV-B irradiation. We treated clusters of Norway spruce embryogenic culture (EC) with UV-B during the five stages of embryo maturation (early, cylindrical, precotyledonary, cotyledonary, and mature embryos). For the first time, we take an advantage of the unique environmental scanning electron microscope AQUASEM II to characterize somatic embryos in their native state. The severity of the irradiation effect on embryonal cell viability was shown to be dependent on the intensity of radiation as well as the stage of embryo development, and might be related to the formation of protoderm. The response of early embryos was characterized by an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), a marked decrease in PA contents and a decline in phenolics. The reduced ability to activate the defense system seems to be responsible not only for the severe cell damage and decrease in viability but also for the inhibition of embryo development. The significant reduction in spermidine (Spd), which has been reported to be crucial for the somatic embryo development of several coniferous species, may be causally linked to the limited development of embryos. The pronounced decrease in cell wall-bound ferulic acid might correspond to failure of somatic embryos to reach more advanced stages of development. Embryos at later stages of development showed stress defense responses that were more efficient against UV-B exposure.
关键词： somatic embryogenesis,polyamines,Picea abies (L.) Karst.,viability,ferulic acid
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[OSA Optical Fiber Communication Conference - San Francisco, California (2014..-..)] Optical Fiber Communication Conference - Biorthogonal Modulation in 8 Dimensions Experimentally Implemented as 2PPM-PS-QPSK
摘要： The influence of ambient air species especially humidity is an ever-present challenge for atmospheric pressure plasma jet applications. Especially, where the plasma-induced effects are extremely sensitive to humidity, such as in the field of plasma medicine, an understanding of the influence of ambient species diffusion on plasma chemistry and on reactive component composition is crucial. In this paper, we investigate the influence of ambient humidity versus feed gas humidity on the production of reactive components by atmospheric pressure plasma jets. By the use of a shielding gas curtain, we control the surrounding atmosphere around the active effluent region of the investigated argon RF-plasma jet the ambient gas. By quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy and by Fourier transformed infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy, the effect of diffusing surrounding molecular species on the chemistry of the long-living reactive oxygen species is investigated. Mechanisms of H2O2 and O3 production are studied. In this paper, we have quantified the influence that ambient species, namely, water molecules, have on the reactive species’ generation in the gas phase. It is shown that the effect of ambient humidity is important for the long-living species production, feed gas humidity, however, has the much stronger effect. Finally, with the focus of applications in plasma medicine, the cell viability of human skin cells (HaCaT keratinocytes) as a function of feed gas and ambient gas humidity is compared.
关键词： Ambient humidity,plasma medicine,feed gas humidity,atmospheric pressure plasma jet,cell viability,plasma chemistry
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Conference on Power, Intelligent Computing and Systems (ICPICS) - Shenyang, China (2019.7.12-2019.7.14)] 2019 IEEE International Conference on Power, Intelligent Computing and Systems (ICPICS) - Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Based on CLAHE and Sparse Representation
摘要： The influence of ambient air species especially humidity is an ever-present challenge for atmospheric pressure plasma jet applications. Especially, where the plasma-induced effects are extremely sensitive to humidity, such as in the field of plasma medicine, an understanding of the influence of ambient species diffusion on plasma chemistry and on reactive component composition is crucial. In this paper, we investigate the influence of ambient humidity versus feed gas humidity on the production of reactive components by atmospheric pressure plasma jets. By the use of a shielding gas curtain, we control the surrounding atmosphere around the active effluent region of the investigated argon RF-plasma jet the ambient gas. By quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy and by Fourier transformed infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy, the effect of diffusing surrounding molecular species on the chemistry of the long-living reactive oxygen species is investigated. Mechanisms of H2O2 and O3 production are studied. In this paper, we have quantified the influence that ambient species, namely, water molecules, have on the reactive species’ generation in the gas phase. It is shown that the effect of ambient humidity is important for the long-living species production, feed gas humidity, however, has the much stronger effect. Finally, with the focus of applications in plasma medicine, the cell viability of human skin cells (HaCaT keratinocytes) as a function of feed gas and ambient gas humidity is compared.
关键词： plasma chemistry,atmospheric pressure plasma jet,feed gas humidity,Ambient humidity,plasma medicine,cell viability
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Rapid Measurement of Soybean Seed Viability Using Kernel-Based Multispectral Image Analysis
摘要： Viability is an important quality factor influencing seed germination and crop yield. Current seed-viability testing methods rely on conventional manual inspections, which use destructive, labor-intensive and time-consuming measurements. The aim of this study is to distinguish between viable and nonviable soybean seeds, using a near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technique in a rapid and nondestructive manner. The data extracted from the NIR–HSI of viable and nonviable soybean seeds were analyzed using a partial least-squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) technique for classifying the viable and nonviable soybean seeds. Variable importance in projection (VIP) was used as a waveband selection method to develop a multispectral imaging model. Initially, the spectral profile of each pixel in the soybean seed images was subjected to PLS-DA analysis, which yielded a reasonable classification accuracy; however, the pixel-based classification method was not successful for high accuracy detection for nonviable seeds. Another viability detection method was then investigated: a kernel image threshold method with an optimum-detection-rate strategy. The kernel-based classification of seeds showed over 95% accuracy even when using only seven optimal wavebands selected through VIP. The results show that the proposed multispectral NIR imaging method is an effective and accurate nondestructive technique for the discrimination of soybean seed viability.
关键词： kernel-based classification,seed viability,multispectral imaging,variable importance in projection,near-infrared
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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PC 12 Pheochromocytoma Cell Response to Super High Frequency Terahertz Radiation from Synchrotron Source
摘要： High frequency (HF) electromagnetic ?elds (EMFs) have been widely used in many wireless communication devices, yet within the terahertz (THz) range, their effects on biological systems are poorly understood. In this study, electromagnetic radiation in the range of 0.3–19.5 × 1012 Hz, generated using a synchrotron light source, was used to investigate the response of PC 12 neuron-like pheochromocytoma cells to THz irradiation. The PC 12 cells remained viable and physiologically healthy, as con?rmed by a panel of biological assays; however, exposure to THz radiation for 10 min at 25.2 ± 0.4 ?C was suf?cient to induce a temporary increase in their cell membrane permeability. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) con?rmed cell membrane permeabilization via visualisation of the translocation of silica nanospheres (d = 23.5 ± 0.2 nm) and their clusters (d = 63 nm) into the PC 12 cells. Analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed the formation of atypically large (up to 1 μm) blebs on the surface of PC 12 cells when exposed to THz radiation. Long-term analysis showed no substantial differences in metabolic activity between the PC 12 cells exposed to THz radiation and untreated cells; however, a higher population of the THz-treated PC 12 cells responded to the nerve growth factor (NGF) by extending longer neurites (up to 0–20 μm) compared to the untreated PC12 cells (up to 20 μm). These ?ndings present implications for the development of nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery and gene therapy strategies since THz irradiation can promote nanoparticle uptake by cells without causing apoptosis, necrosis or physiological damage, as well as provide a deeper fundamental insight into the biological effects of environmental exposure of cells to electromagnetic radiation of super high frequencies.
关键词： super high frequency,electromagnetic radiation,cell viability,PC 12 neuronal cells,terahertz exposure
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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A Cell Viability Evaluation Method Based on Respiratory Thermodynamic Feature Detected by Microscopic Infrared Thermal Imaging Sensor
摘要： Cell viability is an important indicator while screening drugs. An inaccurate evaluation of cell viability can cause large errors in anti-tumor dose experiments, and this becomes very unfavorable for cancer treatment. In this paper, there is a new cell viability evaluation method based on respiratory thermodynamic feature that includes the respiratory intensity, proliferation rate, and heat released by cells. These three parameters can be directly measured by a microscopic infrared thermal imaging sensor, which is fast and non-invasive and does not require consumables. The three parameters were simultaneously measured based on a micro-infrared thermal imaging sensor and fitted to the mathematical model. Finally, the method was verified by comparing it with traditional counting method and comparing the amount of omethoate with traditional counting method. The results indicated that omethoate is 12.36% lower than in the traditional counting method with the same level of complete cell inactivation. Therefore, this method is more accurate than the conventional cell viability assessment method, and the dosage is more precise when the uniform effect is achieved, which provides a basis for precise doses in tumor treatment and can reduce side effects in the human body. This method has a significant effect on the manufacture of cell activity detecting sensors.
关键词： Micro-infrared thermal imaging,Cell respiration,Yeast,Cell viability evaluation,Metabolic ability
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL) - Sozopol, Bulgaria (2019.9.6-2019.9.8)] 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL) - The Stabilization of the Bolometera??s Heat-Exchange Coefficient with the Environment
摘要： The influence of ambient air species especially humidity is an ever-present challenge for atmospheric pressure plasma jet applications. Especially, where the plasma-induced effects are extremely sensitive to humidity, such as in the field of plasma medicine, an understanding of the influence of ambient species diffusion on plasma chemistry and on reactive component composition is crucial. In this paper, we investigate the influence of ambient humidity versus feed gas humidity on the production of reactive components by atmospheric pressure plasma jets. By the use of a shielding gas curtain, we control the surrounding atmosphere around the active effluent region of the investigated argon RF-plasma jet the ambient gas. By quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy and by Fourier transformed infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy, the effect of diffusing surrounding molecular species on the chemistry of the long-living reactive oxygen species is investigated. Mechanisms of H2O2 and O3 production are studied. In this paper, we have quantified the influence that ambient species, namely, water molecules, have on the reactive species’ generation in the gas phase. It is shown that the effect of ambient humidity is important for the long-living species production, feed gas humidity, however, has the much stronger effect. Finally, with the focus of applications in plasma medicine, the cell viability of human skin cells (HaCaT keratinocytes) as a function of feed gas and ambient gas humidity is compared.
关键词： plasma medicine,cell viability,feed gas humidity,plasma chemistry,Ambient humidity,atmospheric pressure plasma jet
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America) - Gramado, Brazil (2019.9.15-2019.9.18)] 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America) - Analysis of the attractiveness of photovoltaic microgeneration as a function of geographic and economic parameters
摘要： When it comes to distributed microgeration, photovoltaic energy has become a long-term investment. Brazil has an excellent location for the exploration of this energy and has shown an exponential growth in recent years. In addition, the increase in electricity tariffs and legal security, further favor this growth. This article presents an analysis of the economic attractiveness of the distributed photovoltaic microgeneration as a function of geographic location, taking into account the influence of regional costs, taxes, incentives and availability of the primary source. As a case study the 27 capitals of Brazil are analyzed and the merit figures of the financial analysis are used. being, internal rate of return, net present value and payback. The result is a map of attractiveness that can efficiently assist the investor in action planning, with risk reduction and better indicators of economies of scale.
关键词： distributed generation,economic viability,photovoltaic and payback
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52