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A 38 dBi Gain, Low-Loss, Flat Array Antenna for 320 GHz to 400 GHz Enabled by Silicon-On-Insulator Micromachining
摘要： Two high-gain ?at array antenna designs operating in the 320 – 400 GHz frequency range are reported in this paper. The two antennas show measured gains of 32.8 dBi and 38 dBi and consist of a 16 × 16 (256) element array and a 32 × 32 (1024) element array, respectively, which are fed by a corporate H-tree beamforming network. The measured operation bandwidth for both antennas is 80 GHz (22 % fractional bandwidth), and the total measured ef?ciency is above ?2.5 dB and above ?3.5 dB for the two designs in the whole bandwidth. The low measured loss and large bandwidth are enabled by optimizing the designs to the process requirements of the SOI micromachining technology used in this work. The total height of the antennas is 1.1 mm (1.2 λ at the center frequency), with sizes of 15 mm × 18 mm and 27 mm × 30 mm for both arrays. The antennas are designed to be directly mounted onto a standard WM-570 waveguide ?ange. The design, fabrication, and measurements of eight prototypes are discussed in this paper and the performance of the antennas compared to the simulated data, as well as manufacturability and fabrication repeatability are reported in detail.
关键词： terahertz radiation,corporate beamforming network,array antennas,silicon micromachining,silicon on insulator,waveguide arrays,submillimeter-wave antennas
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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3D polarization-dependent waveguide arrays in LiNbO3 crystal produced by femtosecond laser writing
摘要： Waveguide arrays are basic photonic elements in integrated optics. We propose a 3D hybrid-integrated waveguide array based on the femtosecond laser writing of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystals by engineering the layout of laser-induced tracks. The cross section of the structure is a cross-shaped geometry. The light propagation through this waveguide array shows polarization-dependent behaviors, which enables mode-coupling along either the vertical or the horizontal direction under excitation of linearly polarized light. This work opens new way to produce polarization-dependent optical devices in photonic systems by using femtosecond laser writing of LiNbO3.
关键词： Femtosecond laser writing,waveguide arrays,polarization-dependent devices,lithium niobate (LiNbO3)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Generation of NOON States in Waveguide Arrays
摘要： A method to generate NOON states with three photons by injecting photons in an array of three waveguides is presented. Conditional measurements project the wave function in a given (desired) state. In passing, it is shown how the array of three waveguides, that e?ectively reproduces the interaction of three ?elds, may be reduced to the interaction of two ?elds.
关键词： waveguide arrays,NOON states
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Design and fabrication of three-dimensional single-mode waveguide arrays in bulk diamond through direct focused proton beam implantation
摘要： We demonstrate the feasibility of creating three-dimensional photonic devices through the realization of multi-level waveguides inside diamond by a series of systematic combined simulations grounded on Monte-Carlo statistics and Maxwell solver algorithms. Further, we have fabricated the counterparts of the multi-level waveguides buried in single crystalline diamond using a process based on several proton beam irradiation steps with different energies and fluences. On top of that, we draw a thorough comparison between the simulation results and the experimental observations, and find that they are in a good agreement with each other. Moreover, the simulation results also provide additional information such as the working fluence range of single-mode light (1550 nm) wave-guiding, the effective refractive index, and the polarization direction. The proof-of-concept of producing three-dimensional optical and photonic structures by direct focused proton beam implantation would open up a variety of new opportunities in designing and fabricating optical modulators, photonic components and quantum-computing related functional devices in bulk diamond, thus further promoting the development of three-dimensional diamond photonics.
关键词： FDE simulation,SRIM simulation,Ion implantation,Proton beam writing,3D diamond waveguide arrays
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Plasmonic Jackiw-Rebbi Modes in Graphene Waveguide Arrays
摘要： We investigate the topological bound modes of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in a graphene pair waveguide array. The arrays are with uniform inter-layer and intra-layer spacings but the chemical potential of two graphene in each pair are di?erent. The topological bound modes emerge when two arrays with opposite sequences of chemical potential are interfaced, which are analogous to Jackiw-Rebbi modes with opposite mass. We show the topological bound modes can be dynamically controlled by tuning the chemical potential, and the propagation loss of topological bound modes can be remarkably reduced by decreasing the chemical potential. Thanks to the strong con?nement of graphene SPPs, the modal wavelength of topological bound modes can be squeezed as small as 1/70 of incident wavelength. The study provides a promising approach to realizing robust light transport beyond di?raction limit.
关键词： surface plasmon polaritons,waveguide arrays,topological bound modes
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Robust Ultrashort Light Bullets in Strongly Twisted Waveguide Arrays
摘要： We introduce a new class of stable light bullets that form in twisted waveguide arrays pumped with ultrashort pulses, where twisting offers a powerful knob to tune the properties of localized states. We find that, above a critical twist, three-dimensional wave packets are unambiguously stabilized, with no minimum energy threshold. As a consequence, when the higher-order perturbations that accompany ultrashort pulse propagation are at play, the bullets dynamically adjust and sweep along stable branches. Therefore, they are predicted to feature an unprecedented experimental robustness.
关键词： ultrashort pulses,stability,twisted waveguide arrays,three-dimensional wave packets,light bullets
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22