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Surface-functionalized silver nanowires on chitosan biopolymers for highly robust and stretchable transparent conducting films
摘要： We develop highly robust and stretchable conductive transparent electrodes based on silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited on functionalized chitosan biopolymer substrates. 11-aminoundecanoic acid is introduced as a surface modifier for enhancing the chemical bond. The chemically functionalized AgNW films achieve a low sheet resistance of 12.2 ohm/sq with a high transmittance of 88.9%. In addition, stretchable alternating current-driven electroluminescent devices and stretchable transparent heaters have been fabricated with AgNW/chitosan thin-films which can be cut, stretched, bent, and twisted without performance degradation. With this approach, stretchable electronics prepared on bio-compatible substrates can be easily applied to curved surfaces or human skins.
关键词： wearable electronics,chitosan,silver nanowires,Transparent electrodes,stretchable electronics
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference (IFETC) - Ottawa, ON, Canada (2018.8.7-2018.8.9)] 2018 International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference (IFETC) - Smart Fibers Based on Low Dimensional Conductive Materials
摘要： The fragility of traditional metallic or semi-conductive materials hinders their application in flexible electronics. Low dimensional materials including carbon nanotubes, graphene and metal nanowires own outstanding flexibility and have been wildly used to fabricate flexible devices. Bendable/stretchable substrate is another key component of flexible electronics. Various thin polymer films made of polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polydimethylsiloxane et. al. were adopted. However, the air impermeability of these substrates will cause discomfort of humanbeing if applied in wearable electronics. Fiber is an ideal substrate for flexible and wearable electronics due to its excellent flexibility/stretchability, superior breathability, abundant microstructure and low cost. Herein, a series of conductive elastomers and strain sensors were fabricated by combining the low dimensional conductive materials with fiber substrates and regulating the microstructure on the interface. With the help of 'twining spring' hierarchical architecture, silver nanowire-double covered yarn (Ag NW-DCY) composite fibers with ultrahigh stretchability were obtained. The conductivity of the composite fibers reached up to 104 S/cm and remained 90% at 2000% tensile strain. Commercial electronic components (LED arrays) were integrated onto a transparent, foldable and stretchable substrate using the composite fibers as stretchable electric wiring, demonstrating the potential application in large-area stretchable electronics. When AgNWs were replaced with graphene, strain sensing fiber with high sensitivity and large working range (100% strain) were fabricated, which enabled the detection of multiple deformation forms, including tensile strain, bending, and torsion. We employ the fibers as wearable sensors, realizing the monitoring of full-range human activities and intricate movement combinations of a robot. Besides, these fibers exhibits fast response, low hysteresis and excellent cycling stability. Another advantage needs to be noted is that these fiber are fabricated by a facial dip coating method, which can be scaled up easily. These smart fibers are of great meaning to the development of flexible and wearable electronics.
关键词： smart textiles,stretchable conductive fibers,wearable electronics
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Laser Direct Writing Assisted Fabrication of Skin Compatible Metal Electrodes
摘要： Skin-compatible electrodes have been studied intensively for its application in wearable electronics. To satisfy various deformations of electronic skin, it requires to fabricate a highly conductive, mechanically stable, flexible, and stretchable electrode. Here, a feasible laser direct writing (LDW) process is carried out to fabricate micro-spring structured metal electrodes. The metal electrodes show high conductivity and transparency with sheet resistance of 4.8 ohm per square and at transmittance of 83%. It is worthy of noting that, the metal electrodes have an excellent mechanical–electrical stability, where stretching over 75% and bending over 5000 times induces resistance variance less than 5% and 2%, respectively. The excellent mechanical and electrical behavior of the micro-spring metal electrodes are promising to be useful for wearable electronics. The LDW process may facilitate the design and prototype of the skin compatible metal electrodes in the coming future.
关键词： wearable electronics,skin-compatible electrodes,electro-deposition,laser direct writing
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A photovoltaic textile design with a stainless steel mesh fabric
摘要： Solar energy is one of the most popular energy sources among the other renewable energies. Photovoltaic technology is a clean way to generate electricity from sunlight. Flexible photovoltaics enable portable electronic devices to power at off-grid conditions. Stainless steel mesh fabric was used as a substrate and electrode allowing the light to reach the photoactive layer. The photoactive layer and hole transport layer were deposited by the means of dip-coating like in the textile industry. The metal back electrode was evaporated in a thermal evaporator under vacuum. Promising results were obtained from photovoltaic measurements. About 0.69% power conversion efficiency was obtained from textile-based solar cells in this study. The textile-based metal fabric enables a flexible photovoltaic structure that can be integrated on non-planar surfaces to generate electricity, and also mesh structure allows the light to reach the photoactive layer.
关键词： solar textiles,conductive fabric,flexible photovoltaics,organic photovoltaics,Wearable electronics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The Influence of Laser Modification on a Composite Substrate and the Resistance of Thin Layers Created Using the PVD Process
摘要： For physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology, cleaning a substrate is one of the key preliminary processes before depositing the metal layer. In this article, we present the results of research on the modification of a textile composite substrate using laser technology and its influence on the surface resistance of silver structures intended for use in wearable electronics. As a result of the substrate modification, the resistance of the layers increased as compared with the structures produced on an unmodified substrate. An experimental planning technique was used to optimize the laser modification process.
关键词： wearable electronics,textronics,design of experiments,physical vapor deposition,laser modification,PVD
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2018 International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference (IFETC) - Ottawa, ON, Canada (2018.8.7-2018.8.9)] 2018 International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference (IFETC) - Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Carbon-based Stretchable RFID Tags on Textile Substrates
摘要： We fabricate carbon-based stretchable antennas for passive UHF RFID tags. The tag antennas are created on a stretchable elastic band by brush-painting. In addition to wireless evaluation of the fabricated RFID tags before and after cyclic stretching, the properties of the novel carbon-based antenna material are studied. The wireless performance of the established RFID tags is compared to similar stretchable silver-based RFID tags. Based on the achieved results, the established carbon-based tag antennas do not perform in the same high level as the silver-based tag antennas but their read ranges of around 2 to 2.4 meters are suitable for versatile textile-integrated RFID applications. Stretching causes permanent decrease to the tag read range but they remain functional even after 100 stretching cycles. These preliminary results are very promising, considering the current trend towards more environmentally friendly and cost-effective materials in electronics.
关键词： passive UHF RFID,textile substrates,wearable electronics,carbon-based materials,antennas,stretchable electronics
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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All-printed, low-cost, tunable sensing range strain sensors based on Ag nanodendrite conductive inks for wearable electronics
摘要： Flexible and wearable strain sensors with high stretchability and high sensitivity have been studied intensively. However, the achievement of low-cost, rapid mass production and high performance of wearable strain sensors remains a challenge. In this study, Ag nanodendrite (ND) inks with good printability for varieties of substrates are prepared, which can be directly screen-printed onto nitrile rubber to manufacture strain sensors. Printed strain sensors (PSSs) with diverse working strain ranges and sensitivities can be simultaneously obtained by printing versatile geometric patterns. Comparatively, straight-line PSSs with a linewidth of 2 mm exhibit high electrical conductivity (1.14 × 10^5 S m^-1), a large sensing range (105%), high sensitivity (maximum gauge factor = 294.3), an ultra-fast response time (18 ms), and long-term stability (more than three weeks). Additionally, the sensing mechanism of the PSSs is further investigated by observing their surface topographies. Eventually, a smart glove based on PSSs is used for monitoring human motion (finger bending, wrist bending, walking, etc.) and gesture actions, demonstrating the potential applications of Ag ND-based PSSs in wearable electronic devices and human–machine interaction intelligent systems.
关键词： strain sensor,tunable sensing range,wearable electronics,screen printing,Ag nanodendrite
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Inkjet-printed silver films on textiles for wearable electronics applications
摘要： This paper presents the fabrication of an inkjet-printed silver film on various textiles for wearable electronics applications. Screen printing an interface layer (Fabink-UV-IF1) on various textiles was required in order to fill the fabric grid and realize a smooth surface for subsequent inkjet-printed layers. The surface of the interface layer was treated by hard-baking to obtain the optimal surface wettability for inkjet printing. The surface morphologies and electrical properties at different inkjet printing conditions such as droplet spacing and number of passes were analyzed. The dynamic bending of the silver film was observed, considering the requirements for wearable applications. After developing the process of the silver film on textiles, the relative permittivity and loss tangent of the four textiles (T/C fabric, pure cotton, nylon, and cleanroom wiper) with interface layer were found, and the values were close. In addition, the electrical properties before and after water washing were nearly unchanged. The results indicate that the interface layer dominates the electrical properties of various textiles. The technology of inkjet-printed silver film on various textiles provides more freedom for achieving high resolution and rapid manufacturing for wearable electronics.
关键词： inkjet printing,Screen printing,textiles,wearable electronics
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Heating Rate-Controlled Thermal Exfoliation for Foldable Graphene Sponge
摘要： Foldable supercapacitors are desired for the next generation of wearable electronics. In this study, highly foldable graphene sponges with a honeycomb structure are prepared at 300 °C using the convenient thermal exfoliation process. A slow heating rate (5?10 °C·min?1) around 200 °C and an external con?nement force are critical to a favorable exfoliation degree and uniform thickness of the graphene sponges. After being annealed at 1050 °C for 1 h, the conductivity of the graphene sponge has been improved from 2700 to 6900 S·m?1 without degrading its ?exibility. The capacitance of the annealed graphene sponge has been measured in an aqueous electrolyte solution of 1 M Na2SO4. Its best capacitance is 138.74 F·g?1, and it reduces by 3.6% at a half-fold state and by 8.9% at a quarter-fold state.
关键词： wearable electronics,Foldable supercapacitors,honeycomb structure,thermal exfoliation,graphene sponges
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Morphologically modulated laser-patterned reduced graphene oxide strain sensors for human fatigue recognition
摘要： Laser heating provides an effective method to produce thermally reduced graphene oxide (rGO), it can also pattern the designed layout on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) during the reduction process. In this work, we demonstrated a flexible strain sensor based on the morphologically modulated laser-patterned reduced graphene oxide (LPG) film with a one-step process. Compared with the strain sensor using flat patterned rGO (0-1.2%) and curved-grid patterned rGO (CGPG) (0-4.1%), the strain sensor based on rectangular-grid patterned rGO (RGPG) have highest gauge factor (GF), up to 133 under 2.7% of physical deformation. Meanwhile, the RGPG strain sensors exhibit extraordinary linearity in a relatively large range of deformation (0-2.7%) and excellent endurance for over 1000 stretching-releasing circles. The RGPG strain sensor was used to monitor human fatigue. By analyzing eye blinking frequency and duration, it is possible to evaluate the fatigue level. We anticipate that the RGPG based strain sensor, prepared via a relatively simple and cost-effective process, may open up a broad spectrum of practical applications, such as driver fatigue evaluation and smart monitoring of human body movements.
关键词： wearable electronics,laser patterning,fatigue evaluation,flexible strain sensor,reduced graphene oxide
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22