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Possibilities of Dry and Lubricated Friction Modification Enabled by Different Ultrashort Laser-Based Surface Structuring Methods
摘要： In this contribution we report on the possibilities of dry and lubricated friction modification introduced by different laser surface texturing methods. We compare the potential of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures and Laser Beam Interference Ablation on 100Cr6 steel in a linear reciprocating ball-on-disc configuration using 100Cr6 steel and tungsten carbide balls with load forces between 50 mN and 1000 mN. For dry friction, we find a possibility to reduce the coefficient of friction and we observe a pronounced direction dependency for surfaces fabricated by Laser Beam Interference Ablation. Furthermore, Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures result in a load-dependent friction reduction for lubricated linear reciprocating movements. This work helps to identify the modification behaviour of laser generated micro structures with feature sizes of approximately 1 μm and reveals new possibilities for surface engineering
关键词： lubricated friction,smart surfaces,laser surface texturing,laser beam interference ablation,laser-induced periodic surface structures,dry friction
更新于2025-11-21 11:18:25
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Transparent Sn-doped In2O3 electrodes with a nanoporous surface for enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells
摘要： We report on a simple and efficient process to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells by using ITO electrodes with a nanoporous surface formed by wet-etching of self-agglomerated Ag nanoparticles. Effective removal of the Ag nanoparticles embedded in the surface of the ITO electrodes result in a nanoporous structure without changing the ITO's sheet resistance (10.17 Ω/square) and optical transmittance (89.08%) at a 550 nm wavelength. Examinations with a scanning electron microscope, a transmission electron microscope, and two-dimensional porous mapping show that the nanoporous ITO surface has an increased contact area with the electron transport layer, which enhanced the carrier extraction efficiency of the perovskite solar cells. Compare to perovskite solar cells fabricated on typical ITO with a flat surface morphology, the perovskite solar cells fabricated on the nanoporous-surface ITO show a higher fill factor of 81.1% and a power conversion efficiency of 20.1%. These results indicate that modified ITO surfaces with nano-scale porosity provide a simple and efficient method to improve the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells without a complicated process.
关键词： Contact area,Nanoporous surface,Sn-doped In2O3,Ag agglomeration,Perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-11-21 10:59:37
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Development of naphthalimide-functionalized thermochromic conjugated polydiacetylenes and their reversible green-to-red chromatic transition in the solid state
摘要： Development of PDAs has received great attention in many fields due to their optical and chromatic properties towards external stimuli. In this article, two novel PDAs (NPI-PDA1 and NPI-PDA2) containing naphthalimide as a head group are designed and synthesized through self-assembly followed by topochemical polymerization, and these compounds show a reversible green-to-red colorimetric transition upon heating. PEO-embedded films are fabricated to facilitate the investigation of the thermochromic properties, and the surface morphologies of the films are observed by SEM analysis. The thermochromic behavior and color transitions are observed using photography and electronic absorption spectroscopy. The changes in the extended ene-yne conjugated system of the polymer during heat treatment are successfully monitored by Raman spectrometry. Moreover, PDA-embedded crayon wax-based hand-writable pens are fabricated and used efficiently on a solid substrate. NPI-PDA1 and NPI-PDA2 display excellent reversibility in the temperature ranges of 25–120 °C and 25–160 °C, respectively in the PEO polymer and paraffin wax matrices.
关键词： Thermochromism,PEO films,Green-to-red color transition,Polydiacetylene,Crayon pen
更新于2025-11-21 10:59:37
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Synthesis and characterization of novel benzodithiophene-fused perylene diimide acceptors: Regulate photovoltaic performance via structural isomerism
摘要： Two isomeric benzodithiophene-fused perylene diimides, BPDI-1 and BPDI-2, are designed and synthesized via photo-induced ring-closure reaction between perylene diimide (PDI) acceptor and both isomeric benzodithiophene donor cores, including benzo[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene (BDP) and benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b']dithiophene (BdT). The effect of structural isomerism on the molecular geometry, absorption, energy level, film morphology as well as photovoltaic performance is comparatively studied. It is found that the variation of the S atom substituted position in the donor cores results in distinct molecular geometries for the newly-developed BPDI-1 and BPDI-2 acceptors. Compared with BDP-containing BPDI-1, the incorporation of BdT core endows BPDI-2 with a remarkably enhanced backbone distortion. When blended with the commercially available polymer donor (PTB7-Th), such twisted structure feature for the BPDI-2 acceptor plays a key role in reducing molecule aggregation, which is helpful for the enhancements of short-circuit current density and photovoltaic efficiency effectively. As a result, non-fullerene solar cells fabricated from BPDI-2 acceptor achieve higher photovoltaic efficiency (4.44%) than that of BPDI-1 (2.98%), mainly benefited from superior short-circuit current density. This work provides us comparative understanding of isomeric geometry and device performance.
关键词： Benzodithiophene,Molecular geometry,Non-fullerene organic solar cells,Perylene diimide derivatives
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:42
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Two pH-responsive fluorescence probes based on indole derivatives
摘要： Two new pH ?uorescent probes 2,8-bis((E)-2-(1,1-dimethyl-1H-benzo[e]indol-2-yl)vinyl)-6H,12H-5,11-methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine (1) and 2,8-bis((E)-2-(3,3-dimethyl-3H-indol-2-yl)vinyl)-6H,12H-5,11-methanodibenzo[b,f] [1,5]diazocine (2) were designed and synthesized via ethylene bridging of the Tr?ger's Base (TB) framework and indole derivatives. As the protonation of nitrogen atoms of indole derivatives, both probes displayed the signi?cant pH-dependent spectral properties. The probing behavior toward pH variations indicated that probes exhibited excellent pH dependent behavior in the pH ranges of 2.07–7.01 (1) and 1.96–7.01 (2), especially possessing good linear response in the pH ranges of 2.50–4.00. The emissions of 1 can be reversibly switched between brilliant yellow and dark states by protonation and deprotonation. Also, the yellow-green ?uorescence emission of 2 could be quenched upon protonation. Such behaviors enable them to work as turn-o? ?uorescent pH sensors in the solution state. Furthermore, protonation and deprotonation on indole moiety nitrogen of the probe 1 and 2 provided a sensing mechanism for pH changes. In addition, both probes performed good photostability, high selectivity and excellent reversibility.
关键词： Sensors,Fluorescent probe,pH detection,Luminescence,Indole derivatives
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:35
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A mitochondria-targeted ratiometric fluorescent probe for detection of SO2 derivatives in living cells and in vivo
摘要： A new near-infrared (NIR) ?uorescent probe for colorimetric and ratiometric detection of SO2 derivatives was developed based on conjugated hybrid coumarin-hemicyanine. The probe can detect HSO3?/SO32? in HEPES bu?er (10 mM, pH 7.4, with 10% DMF, v/v) with a large emission shift (259 nm). Importantly, it was successfully used for ?uorescence imaging of endogenous bisul?te in BT-474 cells and zebra?sh.
关键词： Near-infrared ?uorescent probe,SO2 derivatives,Mitochondria-targeted,Ratiometric,Colorimetric
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:35
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Visible-light-driven g-C3N4/Cu2O heterostructures with efficient photocatalytic activities for tetracycline degradation and microbial inactivation
摘要： g-C3N4/Cu2O composites were successfully synthesized by a facile chemical precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) techniques were employed to characterize the as-synthesized photocatalysts. The photocatalytic experiments indicated that the g-C3N4/Cu2O composites displayed higher photodegradation activity of tetracycline (TC) and inactivation efficiencies of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as well as Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum) in comparsion with bare g-C3N4 and Cu2O under visible light irradiation. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra implied that the heterojunction between g-C3N4 and Cu2O could efficiently promote the separation efficiency of photo-induced charge carriers. Active species trapping experiment and electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis revealed that ?O2-, ?OH and h+ played important roles in the photocatalytic process. This study could provide new insights into the design of multifunctional g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for environmental purification.
关键词： inactivation mechanism,tetracycline,heterostructures,photocatalysis,g-C3N4/Cu2O
更新于2025-11-14 15:29:11
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Rapid preparation of homogeneous carbon dots with yellow fluorescence and formation mechanistic investigation
摘要： In this study, homogeneous carbon dots with yellow fluorescence and high absolute fluorescence quantum yields (78.6%) were firstly prepared through a one-step solvothermal method without complicated process of separation, in which sodium citrate, carbamide, and anhydrous calcium chloride were adopted as precursors, while toluene was selected as solvent. The as-prepared carbon dots with an average size of 5.9 nm have a high degree of crystallinity. According to the discussion of the formation mechanism carbon dots, it is found that the toluene guarantee the formation of crystalline core and Ca2+ promotes the formation of carbonaceous core with high crystallinity, which is responsible for the ultrahigh quantum yield. Furthermore, the fluorescent properties of carbon dots are excellent in organic solvents and could be quenched by water, making them a promising material used without any modification in the detection of water in organic solvents, which has a great influence on organic chemical reaction, and may even determine the resultant, yield, and selectivity of organic reaction.
关键词： Detection of water content,Ultrahigh quantum yield,Yellow fluorescence,Carbon dots,Quantum dot
更新于2025-11-14 15:28:36
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Fabrication and Self-Assembly of Nanobiomaterials || Sensing of reactive oxygen species by self-aggregating gold nanoparticle assemblies
摘要： Implementing nanoparticles in biosensing applications relies heavily on the nanoparticle’s core composition, surface functionalization, sensing mechanism, and modality. The aforementioned aspects in the design of nanoparticle-based sensors provide the main challenge to the development of novel nanoparticle-based systems to replace fluorescent molecular indicators such as DCFH for sensing ROS as outlined in this chapter. Further challenges arise from the synthesis of scalable, high-quality nanoparticles that maintain their sensing capabilities in physiological conditions. While both of these obstacles can be overcome, developing viable approaches to maintaining physiologically compatible sensors, as described in the work presented here, present the greatest challenge as biological environments are highly complex. Despite this complexity we have shown that, with the appropriate choice of nanoparticle and sensing mechanisms, these obstacles can be overcome. We have provided a model forming the basis of a viable approach to sensing ROS and its associated biomolecular markers that may overcome the problems (i.e., auto-oxidation and nonspecificity, quantification, etc.) associated with common fluorescence-based molecular indicators. In this regard, an important remaining challenge will be to determine if the AuNP-based oxidation sensor will be able to distinguish between the various ROS present in biological systems, perhaps through differences in reaction kinetics or extent. If these challenges can be met, then the use of nanoparticle-based biosensors will assume a position as an essential tool in biological research and medical diagnostics. We predict that multidisciplinary approaches, such as the one presented in this work, will eventually make nanoparticle-based sensors a viable and competitive alternative to chemical and molecular-based indicators in the near future.
更新于2025-11-14 15:18:02
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Preparation and immobilization of zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles on polyvinylidene fluoride pellets for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in wastewater
摘要： ZnS nanoparticles with 90 nm diameter were synthesized by low-temperature method and immobilized onto the surface of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) pellets prepared by phase inversion method. Results by FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the ZnS nanoparticles were immobilized tightly on the PVDF surface without their release and losing photocatalytic activity. The UV-absorption spectra showed that the PVDF matrix had no adverse effect on the optical properties of ZnS nanoparticles. Due to large size (5 mm) and excellent mechanical stability, the PVDF-ZnS pellets could be easily dispersed in the photocatalytic reactor treating methylene blue solution. The removal efficiency of the methylene blue with the PVDF-ZnS pellets was higher (more than 95%) than that observed by the control PVDF pellets or ZnS nanoparticles tested. No change in the removal efficiency was observed as the PVDF-ZnS pellets were reused by performing photocatalytic tests at the same experimental conditions repeatedly.
关键词： Reusability,Polymer carrier,Zinc sulfide,Immobilization,Phase inversion,Photocatalytic degradation
更新于2025-11-14 15:14:40