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Rapid fabrication of perovskite solar cells through intense pulse light annealing of SnO2 and triple cation perovskite thin films
摘要： Rapid evolution of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) performance and stability has inclined the research focus towards scalable bulk fabrication through high speed and cost-effective automated methods. For the first time, intense pulsed light (IPL) is utilized to rapidly fabricate efficient PSCs through swift annealing of both the SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) and mixed triple cation perovskite thin films. The addition of di-iodomethane (CH2I2) alkyl-halide could enhance the PSC efficiency by retarding the crystallization and improving the surface morphology of the perovskite photoactive film through supplying iodine cleaved by ultraviolet energy during IPL process. The maximum efficiency and fill factor of the PSCs fabricated by IPL annealing were 12.56% and 78.3% for the rigid glass-FTO slides, and 7.6% and 64.75% for flexible PET-ITO substrates when processed in the ambient with relative humidity of 60%, respectively. The annealed materials were characterized through Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis, photoluminescence (PL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. In addition, impedance spectroscopy (IS) and current-voltage measurements were conducted to study the functionality of fabricated cells. Our results delineated the feasibility of sequential step IPL annealing on rapid fabrication of efficient PSCs which is directly applicable for scalable roll-to-roll manufacturing.
关键词： Di-iodomethane,SnO2,Rapid thermal annealing,Intense pulse light,Perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Higha??Efficiency Lowa??Temperaturea??Processed Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells from SnO <sub/>2</sub> Nanorod Selfa??Assembled Microspheres
摘要： Mesoporous scaffolds in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can accelerate the formation of heterogeneous nucleation sites, leading to enhanced quality of perovskite films and uniform perovskite coverage over large areas. Nevertheless, the mesoporous electron transport layers (ETLs) can effectively compensate for the drawback of shorter electron diffusion lengths than their hole counterparts. Therefore, most mesoscopic PSCs usually show superior photovoltaic performance to their planar counterparts. However, mesoporous ETLs, particularly those prepared with metal oxide nanocrystals, often require a high-temperature sintering process for the removal of residual organics and the improved crystallization of metal oxides. Here, a novel emulsion-based bottom-up self-assembly strategy is used to prepare sizable SnO2 microspheres from oleic acid capped SnO2 nanorods. Combined with an in-situ ligand-stripping strategy, the low-temperature solution-processed mesoscopic PSCs can achieve efficiency as high as 21.35% with slight hysteresis and good reproducibility. In particular, the emulsion-based bottom-up self-assembly strategy is a general way for preparing microspheres from several kinds of semiconductor nanocrystals, so it will greatly expand the material selection range for preparing efficient mesoscopic PSCs and even inverted mesoscopic devices.
关键词： mesoscopic perovskite solar cells,in situ ligand stripping,low-temperature process,SnO2 nanorod self-assembled microspheres
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Hysteresis-free Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with a Breakthrough Efficiency of 22% and Superior Operational Stability over 2000 Hours
摘要： Understanding the transport loss and the ways to improving opto-electronic properties of the charge transporting layers is critical to fabricate highly efficient, long-term stable, and hysteresis-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we report success in suppressing hysteresis and boosting the performance of operationally stable planar solar cells using ruthenium (Ru) doped tin oxide (SnO2) electron transport layer (ETL) and Zn-TFSI2 doped spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer (HTL). Apparently, the incorporation of Ru drastically shifted the Fermi level of SnO2 ETL upward, which provides a facile route to tailor the ETL/perovskite band-offset to improve built-in electric field of devices for improving VOC and electron extraction, simultaneously. Meanwhile, rapid injection of the photo-generated electrons from perovskite into ETL with reduced trap density is also observed when Ru doped SnO2 is employed as ETL. On the other hand, the conception of Zn-TFSI2 incorporation into HTL not only further boost the photovoltaic performance but also prolong the photo-stability of the devices. Consequently, a breakthrough efficiency of 22% (average 21.8%) with JSC of 24.6 mA cm?2, VOC of 1.15 V and FF of 0.78 has been obtained in planar-type PSCs with a loss in efficiency of only ~3% at maximum power point tracking (MPPT) over 2000?h.
关键词： Ruthenium doping,Charge transport layer,SnO2,Zn-TFSI2,Stability
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Effects of annealing on bandgap and surface plasmon resonance enhancement in Au/SnO2 quantum dots
摘要： Au/SnO2 quantum dots (AuSQDs) were synthesized, and the effects of annealing on their structural and optical properties were examined. Significant changes were observed in the bandgap and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the AuSQDs after thermal treatment at different temperatures (400, 500, and 600 °C). The properties of the as-prepared and annealed samples were characterized via X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Annealing reduced the bandgap from 3.03 to 2.33 eV and increased the crystallinity while maintaining an average crystallite size below 10 nm. XPS valence band (VB) profiles provided information regarding the VB edge potentials, which helped to determine the conduction band edge potentials. An enhancement in the SPR of the Au nanoparticles was observed for AuSQD-500, which had the smallest bandgap among the samples investigated.
关键词： Annealing effect,Optical properties,Au/SnO2,Quantum dots
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Effect of Ag/rGO on the Optical Properties of Plasmon-Modified SnO2 Composite and Its Application in Self-Powered UV Photodetector
摘要： A facile hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize silver–reduced graphene oxide (Ag/rGO) plasmon-modi?ed SnO2 composite, by incorporating Ag–reduced graphene oxide (Ag/rGO) into SnO2 nanorods as a photoanode for assembling a self-powered ultraviolet photodetector (UVPD). The as-synthesized samples were investigated in detail by X-ray di?raction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and UV visible spectrophotometer. The as-prepared Ag/rGO ?lms show enhanced light absorption attributed to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The optimized 1.0 wt.% Ag/rGO incorporated into SnO2-based UVPD exhibits a signi?cant photocurrent response due to the enhanced absorption light and e?ective suppression of charge recombination. This UVPD demonstrates a high performance, with photocurrent density reaching 0.29 mAcm?2. This device also exhibits a high on:o? ratio of 195 and fast response time, which are superior to that of the free-modi?ed one. In addition, the UVPD based on plasmon-modi?ed SnO2 photoanode treated with TiCl4-aqueous solution has attained a higher photocurrent with a maximum value reaching 5.4 mAcm?2, making this device favorable in ultraviolet detection.
关键词： plasmon-modi?ed-SnO2 composite,Ag/rGO,UV photodetector,SnO2 nanorod,surface plasmon
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Investigating the impact of thermal annealing on the photovoltaic performance of chemical bath deposited SnO2/p-Si heterojunction solar cells
摘要： The current work investigates the impact of annealing temperature on the optoelectronic properties of SnO2 thin films grown by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. The as-grown SnO2 films, on p-Si substrate, are annealed at 200 °C and 400 °C for 10 min in Ar ambient for investigating the impact of such annealing on the performance of SnO2/p-Si heterojunction solar cells. The growth of a uniform SnO2 film on Si surface has been confirmed from SEM studies and the chemical composition and optical properties of the as-grown and annealed films are investigated in detail by employing XRD and ellipsometric measurements. Absorption coefficient of the samples is observed to vary in the range of 24 × 105 – 60 × 105/m, at its band gap (3.0 eV). The current–voltage characteristics under both dark and illuminated conditions suggest superior voltaic performance of the 200 °C annealed SnO2 film. The short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage and fill-factor are obtained to be 0.45 mA/cm2, 5.41 mA/cm2 and 0.4 V, 0.34 V and 13%, 8% respectively for as-grown and 200 °C annealed samples. The maximum power conservation efficiency (η) of 4.9% is obtained for the 200 °C annealed sample. Thus, the study indicates the potential of CBD-grown SnO2 film for photovoltaic applications.
关键词： Optoelectronic properties,Heterojunction solar cells,Chemical bath deposition,Annealing temperature,SnO2 thin films
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Zwitterion Nondetergent Sulfobetaine-Modified SnO <sub/>2</sub> as an Efficient Electron Transport Layer for Inverted Organic Solar Cells
摘要： Tin oxide (SnO2) has been widely accepted as an effective electron transport layer (ETL) for optoelectronic devices because of its outstanding electro-optical properties such as its suitable band energy levels, high electron mobility, and high transparency. Here, we report a simple but effective interfacial engineering strategy to achieve highly efficient and stable inverted organic solar cells (iOSCs) via a low-temperature solution process and an SnO2 ETL modified by zwitterion nondetergent sulfobetaine 3-(4-tert-butyl-1-pyridinio)-1-propanesulfonate (NDSB-256-4T). We found that NDSB-256-4T helps reduce the work function of SnO2, resulting in more efficient electron extraction and transport to the cathode of iOSCs. NDSB-256-4T also passivates the defects in SnO2, which serves as recombination centers that greatly reduce the device performance of iOSCs. In addition, NDSB-256-4T provides the better interfacial contact between SnO2 and the active layer. Thus, a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) and longer device stability of iOSCs are expected for a combination of SnO2 and NDSB-256-4T than for devices based on SnO2 only. With these enhanced interfacial properties, P3HT:PC60BM-based iOSCs using SnO2/NDSB-256-4T (0.2 mg/mL) as an ETL showed both a higher average PCE of 3.72%, which is 33% higher than devices using SnO2 only (2.79%) and excellent device stability (over 90% of the initial PCE remained after storing 5 weeks in ambient air without encapsulation). In an extended application of the PTB7-Th:PC70BM systems, we achieved an impressive average PCE of 8.22% with SnO2/NDSB-256-4T (0.2 mg/mL) as the ETL, while devices based on SnO2 exhibited an average PCE of only 4.45%. Thus, the use of zwitterion to modify SnO2 ETL is a promising way to obtain both highly efficient and stable iOSCs.
关键词： inverted organic solar cells (iOSCs),zwitterion nondetergent sulfobetaine (NDSB-256-4T),Tin oxide (SnO2),power conversion efficiency (PCE),electron transport layer (ETL)
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Mechanism of PbI2 situ-passivated perovskite films for enhancing performance of perovskite solar cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells have brought tremendous research interests because of their tolerance of defects, low cost, and facile processing. In perovskite solar cells devices, PbI2 has been utilized to passivate defects at perovskite films surface and grain boundaries, yet a systematic mechanism of PbI2 situ-passivating for enhancing the efficiency has not been fully explored. Here, this work systematically studies the role of the precise PbI2 ratio, and the PbI2 situ-passivation mechanism based on trap density, carrier lifetime, and Fermi level etc. This study finds that the appropriate ratio of I:Pb is around 2.57:1 using energy dispersive spectroscopy. After the moderate excess PbI2 situ-passivating, the trap density is reduced from 6.12 × 1016 cm-3 to 3.38 × 1016 cm-3, and the carrier lifetime is extended from 168.35 ps to 368.77 ps by using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. This result indicates that the moderate excess PbI2 situ-passivation can reduce the trap density and suppress non-radiative recombination. The efficiency of solar cell has realized a nearly 11.3% improvement of 19.55% for the I:Pb ratio of 2.57:1 compared with 2.69:1. It demonstrates that the efficiency can be enhanced effectively by PbI2 situ-passivation.
关键词： SnO2,EDS-mapping,transient absorption spectroscopy,perovskite solar cells,PbI2,passivation mechanism
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Facile one-pot synthesis of gold/tin oxide quantum dots for visible light catalytic degradation of methylene blue: Optimization of plasmonic effect
摘要： Discovery and development of novel photocatalysts with superior performance in visible light is a fundamental step toward tackling several environment and energy related issues. In this study, a simple one-pot solvothermal approach was adopted to fabricate a series of novel SnO2 quantum dot/gold (SQD/Au) nanocomposites. The structure, morphology, chemical composition, and the optical and photocatalytic performance of the as-prepared SQD/Au nanocomposites were described. The dispersion of Au nanoparticles (NPs) over SQDs can significantly improve the synergistic charge transfer mechanism, which retards the reunion of photoinduced electron-hole pairs and results in decreased emission intensity. In particular, the SQD/Au nanocomposites with 1.00 mL in 100 mM gold chloride loading achieve a methylene blue (MB) degradation of 99% under visible light illumination within 150 min. This can be ascribed to the plasmonic effect of Au NPs in the visible region and the SQDs acting as an electron tank to receive the photoinduced electrons. Furthermore, the formation of a Schottky barrier between SQDs and Au NPs improved the charge separation efficiency, and enhanced the photocatalytic activity. A possible photocatalytic mechanism for the improved degradation efficiency of MB by SQD/Au nanocomposites is also proposed.
关键词： Photocatalysis,SnO2,Metal-semiconductor,Quantum dots,Plasmonic effect
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Synthesis and characterization of SnO2 nanofiller from recycled expanded polystyrene
摘要： Polymer waste that has been viewed as a major threat to our environment is currently gaining attention as valuables resources are being obtained from it. Researchers are now developing nanocomposites/blends from plastic wastes as a way of recycling waste plastic rather than employing incineration and landfilling methods of recycling that are not environmentally friendly. The utilization of nanofiller to recycle waste polymers will enhance the mechanical, thermal and optical properties of the recycled polymers that are repeatedly degraded when they are managed via incineration and landfilling. The aim of this study is to prepare and characterize SnO2 nanofiller from recycled expanded polystyrene (rEPS) polymer wastes (PWs). A product was obtained, and it was characterized using BET, SEM and XRD. The BET showed microporous adsorption with surface area as 3.5880 m2/g, pore size 5.47314 m and the pore volume 0.004909 cm3/g, the SEM analysis showed spherical-shaped particles between 5 μm and 50 μm and the XRD indicated that the material is crystalline with tetragonal shape. This work showed a perfect way of upcycling waste polymers in a cost-effective manner and subsequently having the properties enhanced.
关键词： polymer wastes,SnO2,nanofillers,Environment,recycled expanded polystyrene
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22