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Ellipsometric study on optical properties of hydrogen plasma-treated aluminum-doped ZnO thin film
摘要： Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films were prepared by radio frequency (RF) sputtering at room temperature, and then post-treated by hydrogen (H2) plasma at different durations. After H2 plasma treatment under the condition of 10 W, 200 °C and 3.0 Hours, the resistivity showed a dramatically decrease from 1.6 Ω cm to 3.4 × 10?3 Ω cm, while the transmittance at the wavelength of 550 nm was improved from 90.5% to 96.0%. The optical constants of H2 plasma-treated AZO thin films were detailed characterized by a varied angle spectroscopic ellipsometer. The results show that the refractive index n decreases in the entire measured wavelength range of 350–1100 nm, while the extinction coefficient k decreases in the short wavelength range and changes negligibly at the long wavelength range. These results can provide guidelines for the design and optimization of AZO thin film-based optoelectronic applications.
关键词： Resistivity,Spectroscopic ellipsometer,Transmittance,Optical constants,Hydrogen plasma treatment,Aluminum-doped zinc oxide
更新于2025-11-14 17:03:37
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Design of color tunable thin film polymer solar cells for photovoltaics printing
摘要： Color tunable thin film polymer solar cells have demonstrated the potentials of a wide applications in photovoltaics printing, which is significant for ink pollution reduction and energy saving. This work presents a new effective approach to realize color-tuning photovoltaic cells with optical microcavity structures. Aluminum-doped zinc oxide is utilized as electron transport layer material. With its high electrical conductivity, the thickness tuning range can be quite large, which means the cavity length has a wide variation range. It thus provides sufficient space for optical thin film design to obtain multi colors. By the transfer matrix method, device reflection and absorption spectra are numerically investigated. Based on that, the optical principles for color tunability are explored. In further step, the relationship between device photovoltaics performance and reflective colors are also discussed. Finally, the color coordinates and luminosities are calculated. As results, the colors of the devices designed are capable to cover a relatively large region in Commission Internationale de l′Eclairage (CIE) 1931 x, y chromaticity diagram, which is available to be integrated into the advertisement poster boards, building wall printing and other display applications.
关键词： optical microcavity,thin film polymer solar cells,aluminum-doped zinc oxide,photovoltaics printing,color tunable
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Effects of background gases and pressure in pulsed laser deposition of Al-doped ZnO
摘要： Background gases (O2, He or Ar) with the pressure from ~ 10?3 Pa to 133.3 Pa are used in 355 nm laser deposition of Al-doped ZnO at room temperature. The effects of these gases and pressure on plasma formation are studied by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and time of flight (TOF) measurement. The OES results show that the emission intensity of the species in O2 and Ar decrease slightly and then increase exponentially above ~ 5 Pa. The emission intensity in Ar is the highest, followed by emission in O2 whilst the emission in He is low and weakly depend on background gas pressure. TOF measurements indicate that the ion velocity decrease with increasing O2 and Ar pressure at about 5–10 Pa. The ion velocity is highest in He while the ion velocities in O2 and Ar are similar. Thin-film samples deposited in different gas at 2.6 Pa are amorphous, but those deposited at 133.3 Pa are crystalline and exhibit different morphologies and optical properties depending on type of gas. Samples deposited in O2 are highly transparent but those deposited in He and Ar contain nano and micron-sized structures with <50% transmittance. In addition, Zn crystallites are detected by X-ray diffraction.
关键词： Pulsed laser deposition,Background gases,Aluminum-doped zinc oxide,Pressure,Laser produced plasma,Nanostructured films
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Influence of Silicon Layers on the Growth of ITO and AZO in Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells
摘要： In this article, we report on the properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) deposited on thin-film silicon layers designed for the application as carrier selective contacts for silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. We find that ITO deposited on hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) layers presents a significant drop on electron mobility μe in comparison to layers deposited on hydrogenated amorphous silicon films (a-Si:H). The nc-Si:H layers are not only found to exhibit a larger crystallinity than a-Si:H, but are also characterized by a considerably increased surface rms roughness. As we can see from transmission electron microscopy (TEM), this promotes the growth of smaller and fractured features in the initial stages of ITO growth. Furthermore, secondary ion mass spectrometry profiles show different penetration depths of hydrogen from the thin film silicon layers into the ITO, which might both influence ITO and device passivation properties. Comparing ITO to aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO), we find that AZO can actually exhibit superior properties on nc-Si:H layers. We assess the impact of the modified ITO Rsh on the series resistance Rs of SHJ solar cells with >23% efficiency for optimized devices. This behavior should be considered when designing solar cells with amorphous or nanocrystalline layers as carrier selective contacts.
关键词： secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS),indium tin oxide (ITO),series resistance,Aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO),transparent conductive oxide (TCO),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),silicon heterojunction (SHJ)
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Highly efficient flexible organic light-emitting diodes based on a high-temperature durable mica substrate
摘要： Muscovite mica is expected to show great potential in flexible optoelectronics due to its superb temperature tolerance, high transmittance, chemical stability, and mechanical durability. This flexible substrate produces sputtered transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) with excellent film quality with high transmittance and conductivity. In this study, a designed composite TCE consisting of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) and indium tin oxide (ITO) is proposed to simultaneously maximize flexibility and conductivity. Blue-, green-, and red-emitting flexible organic light-emitting diodes (FOLEDs) using composite TCEs on mica exhibited satisfactory performance with maximum respective electroluminescence efficiencies of 18.1% (38.7 cd/A), 18.7% (66.2 cd/A), and 13.3% (22.2 cd/A). Furthermore, the green-emitting FOLEDs were modified to construct tandem FOLEDs, giving a higher peak efficiency of 27.9% (93.3 cd/A) and saturated green emission. These results can serve as a useful reference for future work on composite TCEs on mica for FOLEDs in display and lighting applications.
关键词： Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs),Flexible,Tandem,Indium tin oxide (ITO),Muscovite mica,Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO)
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Lossy Mode Resonance Generation on Sputtered Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films Deposited on Multimode Optical Fiber Structures for Sensing Applications in the 1.55 μm Wavelength Range
摘要： In this work, we demonstrated lossy mode resonance (LMR) generation in optical fiber structures based on multimode fibers coated with aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films. AZO thin films were deposited by using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. In order to exhibit the usefulness of the LMR effect for sensing applications in optical fiber based systems, the deposition conditions of the AZO film coatings were set to obtain the second LMR order within the 1.55 μm wavelength range. An optical transmission configuration setup was used to investigate the LMR effect on fiber structures based on the use of no-core and cladding-removed multimode fibers coated with AZO films synthesized from metallic sputtering targets with different proportions of Zn:Al, 92:8% and 98:2%, at atomic concentrations. The optical and electrical/chemical features of the AZO films were characterized with UV–vis and XPS spectroscopy, respectively. The optical response of the proposed sensing configuration to refractive index (RI) variations was experimentally demonstrated. For the best approach, the sensitivity of wavelength displacement to RI variations on the liquid surrounding media was found to be 1214.7 nm/RIU.
关键词： multimode fiber,lossy mode resonance,optical fiber sensors,reactive RF magnetron sputtering,aluminum-doped zinc oxide
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide/Titanium Dioxide Photoanodes in Parallel
摘要： In this study, both zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanosheets were deposited by hydrothermal growth on ?uorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass. After a photoanode was added to ZnO nanorods or AZO nanosheets, the photovoltaic conversion e?ciency (PCE) increased due to improved electron transport and enhanced dye absorption. The improvement in electron transport was veri?ed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the increase in dye absorption was veri?ed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Both of these factors facilitated an increase in PCE. Parameters for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using ZnO nanorods/TiO2 and AZO nanosheets/TiO2 photoanodes were tested and the results were recorded using EIS. The results indicated that the addition of the ZnO nanorods increased the short-circuit current density (Jsc) from 9.07 mA/cm2 to 10.91 mA/cm2, the open circuit voltage (Voc) from 0.68 V to 0.70 V, and the PCE from 3.70% to 4.73%, respectively. When the DSSCs were produced in a parallel silver-grid device, the results showed that PCE could be increased from 3.67% to 4.04% due to the reduction in connection resistance.
关键词： titanium dioxide (TiO2),dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs),parallel connection,aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO)
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Radiation Hardness of Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Aluminum‐Doped Zinc Oxide Electrode Under Proton Irradiation
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained increasing interest for space applications. However, before they can be deployed into space, their resistance to ionizing radiations, such as high-energy protons, must be demonstrated. Herein, the effect of 150 keV protons on the performance of PSCs based on aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) transparent conducting oxide (TCO) is investigated. A record power conversion efficiency of 15% and 13.6% is obtained for cells based on AZO under AM1.5G and AM0 illumination, respectively. It is demonstrated that PSCs can withstand proton irradiation up to 1013 protons cm?2 without significant loss in efficiency. From 1014 protons cm?2, a decrease in short-circuit current of PSCs is observed, which is consistent with interfacial degradation due to deterioration of the Spiro-OMeTAD holes transport layer during proton irradiation. The structural and optical properties of perovskite remain intact up to high fluence levels. Although shallow trap states are induced by proton irradiation in perovskite bulk at low fluence levels, charges are released efficiently and are not detrimental to the cell’s performance. This work highlights the potential of PSCs based on AZO TCO to be used for space applications and gives a deeper understanding of interfacial degradation due to proton irradiation.
关键词： space,aluminum-doped zinc oxide,perovskite solar cells,proton irradiation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Multistage Degradation Mechanisms in Cu(In, Ga)Se2 Photovoltaic Modules Prepared by Co-Evaporation: Toward High Performances and Enhanced Stability
摘要： This study compared the stability and durability of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS)-type solar cells prepared using one-step and three-step co-evaporation methods by investigating the causes of degradation in each layer in detail. Measurements recorded using a solar simulator showed that the sample prepared using the three-step method had better device performance owing to the large-grained structure of the CIGS absorber layer, which reduced the carrier recombination. Focusing on the discrepancy in grain size, multifarious degradation tests were conducted according to the IEC 61646 standard to evaluate the stability of the cells under harsh environments such as high humidity (85 %), high temperature (85 ℃), and mechanical load. Damp heat (85 %/85 ℃) did not affect the CIGS resistivities in either sample, whereas all the aluminum-doped zinc oxide layers degraded, as determined by confirming the chemisorbed oxygen by exposure to a hot, humid environment. After 200 thermal cycles, the CIGS layers in both samples were mainly degraded while there were no changes in the resistivities of the AZO layer in either sample. The thermal cycling test highlights that the initial resistivities of the one-step sample showed a decisive change before and after thermal cycling compared to the three-step sample. This change might be caused carriers being scattered at the grain boundaries. Although there were no big differences in the FT-IR spectra before and after thermal cycling, both XRD and XPS results confirmed that not only copper indium sulfide selenium elements of secondary phase were newly observed by sulfide diffusion from the CdS layer, but also that each element (Cu, In, Ga, and Se) was slightly oxidized by the rapid temperature variation from ?45 ℃ to 85 ℃. These results prove that the three-step co-evaporation method can produce cells with much higher stability and durability, even when operated under high humidity and temperature conditions.
关键词： Degradation mechanism,Copper indium gallium selenide,Co-evaporation,Grain size,Stability,Aluminum-doped zinc oxide
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Effect of pH Adjustment on Hydrothermal Synthesis of Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide
摘要： Aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) was synthesized with various pH adjustments reagent (ammonia, TMAH, TEAH and TPAH) by hydrothermal reaction. Regardless of the pH adjustment, the main product of the synthesized powders with 5?mol% Al was zinc oxide. However, the diffraction peaks of gahnite (ZnAl2O4) were detected in the sample prepared from the precursor solutions with TMAH, TEAH and TPAH as pH adjustment. The excellent absorption property in near-infrared (NIR) region was obtained in the synthesized powder with about 2?mol% Al using ammonia. Based on these results, the initial state of Zn and Al ion in precursor solution is thought to affect the crystal phase of the product in hydrothermal synthesis. The NIR absorption property was highly enhanced by using urea as the pH-shift reagent during hydrothermal reaction process.
关键词： pH adjustment,Near-infrared reflectance,Hydrothermal synthesis,Aluminum doped zinc oxide
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36