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Optical fiber coated Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanorods decorated with Palladium (Pd) for hydrogen sensing
摘要： A novel hydrogen (H2) sensor was developed using acid-etched optical fiber coated with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods. The sensing performance was done by comparing the acid-etched fiber coated with ZnO nanorods with and without decorated Palladium (Pd). The conventional optical single-mode fiber (SMF) with a diameter of 125 μm has been modified as a transducing platform by etching it to 11 μm diameter using hydrofluoric acid (HF) to enhance the evanescent field of the light propagates in the fiber core. The etched fiber was coated with ZnO nanorods via hydrothermal process by using seeding and growth solution method. The sensing layer was characterized through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to verify the properties of ZnO. Catalyst Palladium (Pd) was sputtered onto the ZnO nanorods to improve H2 detection. The developed sensor operating temperature was found to be 150 °C that produces 6.36 dBm increase in response towards the 1% concentration of H2 in synthetic air. It was then tested with different concentration of H2. The sensor decorated with Pd has better performance in sensing compared to non-decorated Pd based on the output power versus time. The sensor best response and recovery times is 6 and 5 min respectively, for acid-etched optical fiber coated with ZnO nanorods decorated with Pd for 0.75% of H2 concentrations at 150 °C. The results indicate the optical fiber sensor might improve the performance towards H2 as oppose to the conventional electrical sensor.
关键词： Zinc oxide nanorods,Etching optical fiber,Hydrothermal method,Light-intensity response,Hydrogen sensor,Fiber optic sensor
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Plasmonic Thermochromism Based on Reversible Redox of Ag+/Ag on Au Nanorods
摘要： Reversible redox reaction-based thermochromism using plasmonic nanocrystals is challenging due to the requirements set by the complexity of the reaction system where the oxidation and reduction agents must not interfere with each other, and both should possess temperature sensitivity. Herein, we demonstrate plasmonic thermochromism based on reversible redox of Ag+/Ag on Au nanorods (AuNRs) by incorporating temperature-sensitive reduction and oxidation into a same system. The competition between the reduction and oxidation is solely dependent on temperature. When the temperature is above (below) the transition temperature, the reduction of Ag+ (oxidation of Ag) dominates on the surface of AuNRs, and the thermochromic nanostructure solution exhibits green (red) appearance. Experimental study on the mechanism reveals that HOCl produced at low concentration by H2O2 is the source of the observed temperature dependence of the Ag oxidation. Rationally tuning the transition temperature in a range from 27 to 40 °C can be realized by changing the concentration of some key chemical compounds in the solution. The thermochromic solution can be standalone-functional within multiple cycles of heating and cooling and long-term storage without any additional reagents. Our study provides new insights into plasmonic thermochromism and may pave the way for fabricating smart thermochromic materials.
关键词： temperature-sensitive,plasmonic thermochromism,reversible redox,Au nanorods,Ag+/Ag
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Orientation modulation of ZnO nanorods on charge transfer performance enhancement for Sb2S3 quantum dot sensitized solar cells
摘要： ZnO nanorods nanorod films are prepared by electrochemical deposition process, which are employed as the photo-electrodes for the Sb2S3 quantum dot sensitized solar cells. The orientation of ZnO NRs nanorods (NRs) is modulated by different heating time. The changing on orientation of ZnO NRs has no influences on UV-Vis absorption spectra. And the photoluminescence spectra have indicated that the random orientation ZnO NRs have the better charge separation property. Due to the much more transfer paths from the random orientation of ZnO NRs, the Sb2S3 quantum dot sensitized ZnO NRs solar cells by heating time of 20 min has exhibited an excellent charge transfer property, which can obtain much higher current density of the solar cells, achieving a photovoltaic power conversion efficiency of 2.43%.
关键词： ZnO nanorods films,Sb2S3 quantum dot sensitized solar cells,orientation modulation,charge transfer performance enhancement
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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The role of GQDs additive in TiO2 nanorods as an electron transfer layer on performance improvement of the perovskite solar cells
摘要： The electron transport layer (ETL) plays an important role in improving the performance of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The main focus is on different types of TiO2 structures as an efficient ETL. In the present work, TiO2 nanorods (NRs) are prepared by a simple one-step hydrothermal method and employ as an ETL in PSCs. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the TiO2 NRs based PSCs is improved about 217% compared with the mesoporous (mp) TiO2 based cells. In order to further enhance PCE of the PSCs, a new approach is adopted to synthesize the graphene quantum dots- TiO2 NRs (GQDs- TiO2 NRs) by hydrothermal method. The PCE of PSCs based on GQDs- TiO2 NRs show improvement of 1.34 times compared to the TiO2 NRs. The GQDs- TiO2 NRs is capable of being a promising alternative to be employed as an efficient electron transport materials for photovoltaic devices.
关键词： TiO2 nanorods,Perovskite solar cells,Hydrothermal synthesis,Graphene quantum dots
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Combination of light-driven co-delivery of chemodrugs and plasmonic-induced heat for cancer therapeutics using hybrid protein nanocapsules
摘要： Background: Improving the water solubility of hydrophobic drugs, increasing their accumulation in tumor tissue and allowing their simultaneous action by different pathways are essential issues for a successful chemotherapeutic activity in cancer treatment. Considering potential clinical application in the future, it will be promising to achieve such purposes by developing new biocompatible hybrid nanocarriers with multimodal therapeutic activity. Results: We designed and characterised a hybrid nanocarrier based on human serum albumin/chitosan nanoparticles (HSA/chitosan NPs) able to encapsulate free docetaxel (DTX) and doxorubicin?modified gold nanorods (DOXO?GNRs) to simultaneously exploit the complementary chemotherapeutic activities of both antineoplasic compounds together with the plasmonic optical properties of the embedded GNRs for plasmonic?based photothermal therapy (PPTT). DOXO was assembled onto GNR surfaces following a layer?by?layer (LbL) coating strategy, which allowed to partially control its release quasi?independently release regarding DTX under the use of near infrared (NIR)?light laser stimulation of GNRs. In vitro cytotoxicity experiments using triple negative breast MDA?MB?231 cancer cells showed that the developed dual drug encapsulation approach produces a strong synergistic toxic effect to tumoral cells compared to the administration of the combined free drugs; additionally, PPTT enhances the cytostatic efficacy allowing cell toxicities close to 90% after a single low irradiation dose and keeping apoptosis as the main cell death mechanism. Conclusions: This work demonstrates that by means of a rational design, a single hybrid nanoconstruct can simultaneously supply complementary therapeutic strategies to treat tumors and, in particular, metastatic breast cancers with good results making use of its stimuli?responsiveness as well as its inherent physico?chemical properties.
关键词： Multimodal therapy,Gold nanorods,Photo?therapy,Stimuli?responsiveness,Human serum albumin nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Controlled growth of Cu <sub/>2a??x</sub> S sheet-like nanoshells and Cu <sub/>2a??x</sub> Sa??CdS pa??n junctions on Au nanorods with coupled plasmon resonances and enhanced photocatalytic activities
摘要： In this study, we propose an approach to grow Cu2?xS sheet-like nanoshells on Au nanorods with the aid of Ag2S auxiliary templates. The Ag2S semi-shells are first grown on the side-surface of the Au nanorods and then, the Cu2?xS sheet-like nanoshells are selectively grown on the opposite side, which is beneficial for improving the controllability of the growth sites of the Cu2?xS sheet-like nanoshells. The Cu2?xS–CdS p–n junctions grown on Au nanorods are produced by replacing Ag+ with Cd2+ in the as-prepared Au/(Cu2?xS–Ag2S), so that Au/(Cu2?xS–CdS) heterorods with non-central symmetric shells of Cu2?xS–CdS p–n junctions are formed. By carefully adjusting the effective thickness of the Cu2?xS–CdS junctions, the optimized photocatalytic activity of the Au/(Cu2?xS–CdS) heterorods is obtained, and it is about 1.62 and 1.22-fold that of Au/Cu2?xS and Au/CdS, respectively. The improved photocatalytic performance of the Au/(Cu2?xS–CdS) heterorods is attributed to the effective charge carriers at the interfaces of CdS–Au, Cu2?xS–Au and the Cu2?xS–CdS p–n junction. Our findings provide a strategy for the optimal design of plasmon–exciton heterostructures with improved photocatalytic activity.
关键词： Cu2?xS,Ag2S auxiliary templates,plasmon resonances,photocatalytic activities,Au nanorods
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Extraordinarily Large Third-Order Optical Nonlinearity in Au Nanorods under Nanowatt Laser Excitation
摘要： Size and operating energy are two key parameters that constrain the integration capability of a nonlinear optical device. Here, we report a 60-nm thin film made of randomly distributed gold nanorods that demonstrates extraordinarily large third-order nonlinear optical absorption under an excitation power as low as 100 nanowatts. Where the effective nonlinear optical absorption (NLA) coefficient is calculated to be 8x109 cm/GW with the corresponding optical susceptibility (Imχ(3)) of 7.6x10-2 esu, which is 3-4 orders larger than that of other metallic nanostructures. The sign of the NLA could be controlled by changing the excitation wavelength or varying the pump power. The optical Kerr effect measurement also shows that the intrinsic χ(3) of our sample is quite large compared to other nanostructures. Our work eliminates the requirements of strong operation power and large physical size of nonlinear optical materials and offers new opportunities for plasmonic nanostructures in applications of on-chip nonlinear optical devices.
关键词： Nanowatt Laser Excitation,and Hybrid Materials,Optical,Plasmonics,Magnetic,Au Nanorods,Third-Order Optical Nonlinearity
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Design and Analysis of High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cell with ZnO Nanorods and Plasmonic Nanoparticles
摘要： Recently, the utilization of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite has become prevalent in solar cell applications due to its promising optical properties. In this study, a perovskite solar cell (PSC) based on ZnO nanorods (NRs) as an electron transport layer (ETL) was numerically simulated and the plasmonic effects of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were surveyed beside the previously desirable result of using ZnO nanorod observed in 3rd generation organic photovoltaic devices. Since the unique properties of plasmonic structures, particularly the ability to guide and trap the light at nanometer dimensions, would cause a substantial increase in light absorption, improved device performance can be expected. In this article, we showed that a model of perovskite solar cell comprised of FTO/ZnO/ZnO NR/CH3NH3PbI3/spiro-MeOTAD/Au yielded promising results after incorporating Au NPs. While utilizing the benefits of ZnO nanorod ETL is a common method to achieve high-performance halide PSCs, we revealed that incorporating Au NPs between nanorods leads to an even superior behavior. After analyzing various diameters of Au nanoparticles and densities of ZnO nanorod arrays and adopting the optimum value of both, results of our simulations demonstrated that CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite infiltrated ZnO NRs solar cell with Au NPs (without Au NPs) has an efficiency of “16.77%” (14.51%), the fill factor of “78.28%” (76.60%) with a short circuit current density of “20.56 ????/????2”( 18.07 ????/????2). This drastic improvement can pave the way for further studies to fabricate and reap benefit out of the plasmonic effect in perovskite solar cells.
关键词： Perovskite solar cell,FDTD simulation,Plasmonic nanoparticles,ZnO nanorods
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Au@Ag Corea??Shell Nanorods Support Plasmonic Fano Resonances
摘要： In this work, we investigated experimentally and theoretically the plasmonic Fano resonances (FRs) exhibited by core–shell nanorods composed of a gold core and a silver shell (Au@Ag NRs). The colloidal synthesis of these Au@Ag NRs produces nanostructures with rich plasmonic features, of which two different FRs are particularly interesting. The FR with spectral location at higher energies (3.7 eV) originates from the interaction between a plasmonic mode of the nanoparticle and the interband transitions of Au. In contrast, the tunable FR at lower energies (2.92–2.75 eV) is ascribed to the interaction between the dominant transversal LSPR mode of the Ag shell and the transversal plasmon mode of the Au@Ag nanostructure. The unique symmetrical morphology and FRs of these Au@Ag NRs make them promising candidates for plasmonic sensors and metamaterials components.
关键词： Au@Ag NRs,metamaterials,core–shell nanorods,plasmonic Fano resonances,plasmonic sensors
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Self-powered, all-solution processed, trilayer heterojunction perovskite-based photodetectors
摘要： Heterostructures composed of nano-/micro-junctions, combining the excellent photon harvesting properties of nano-system and ultrafast carrier transfer of micro-system, have shown promising role in high-performance photodetectors. Here, in this paper a highly-sensitive trilayer in which the CdS nanorods (NRs) layer is sandwiched between ZnO/CsPbBr3 interface to reduce self-powered perovskite-based photodetector ITO/ZnO(70nm)/CdS(150nm)/CsPbBr3(200nm)/Au, ratio of 106 with a responsivity of 86 mA/W and a specific detectivity of 6.2×1011 Jones was obtained at zero bias under 85 μW/cm2 405 nm illumination, and its rise/decay time at zero bias is to the strong built-in potential and the internal driving electric-field, an ultra-high On/Off current 0.3/0.25 s. Therefore, the enhanced device performance strongly suggest the great potential of such the interfacial charge carriers’ recombination and the charge transport resistance, is presented. Due a kind of trilayer heterojunction devices for high-performance perovskite photodetectors.
关键词： On/Off current ratio,CdS nanorods (NRs) layer,trilayer heterojunction,specific detectivity,gradient energy alignment,Self-powered photodetector,high-performance
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59