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Resistive switching and electric field control of ferromagnetism in SnO2 films deposited at room temperature
摘要： The SnO2 film deposited at room temperature (RT) on the substrate of Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si is nano-crystallized, which exhibits room temperature ferromagnetism (FM) due to the oxygen vacancies of SnO2 film. The bipolar and multilevel resistive switching (RS) can be observed in the Ta/SnO2/Pt devices, where SnO2 film was deposited at RT. The Ta/SnO2/Pt device has a large ON/OFF ratio (27000) and multilevel RS, which is of great significance for high-density data storage applications. The saturation magnetization of Ta/SnO2/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si (Ta/SnO2/Pt device) is almost the same as SnO2/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si, which implies that the influence of Ta top electrodes on the saturation magnetization of Ta/SnO2/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si is much less. The Ta/SnO2/Pt device shows the non-volatile and reversible saturation magnetization modulation between low resistance state (LRS) and high resistance state (HRS), which results from the formation/rupture of oxygen vacancy filaments. The saturation magnetization at LRS is higher than that at HRS. In addition, the saturation magnetization also enhances with an increase the magnitude of positive DC sweeping voltage. Without DC loop current, the saturation magnetization of Ta/SnO2/Pt increases with an application of positive electric field and drops again with an application of certain negative electric field. The saturation magnetization of Ta/SnO2/Pt can be reversibly modulated in non-volatile by only electric voltage without DC loop current. Such modulation of Ms by only electric voltage without loop DC current is connected with the change in Vo+ density in a certain range of SnO2 films.
关键词： oxygen vacancies,electric field control,room temperature ferromagnetism,resistive switching,SnO2 film
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Correlation between efficiency and device characterization in MAPbI3-xClx standard perovskite solar cells
摘要： Hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained exceptional attention in photovoltaic fields with an attractive yield of 25%. Characterization tools present as an important means that would help define optimized treatment parameters at an early stage of device manufacturing, instead of measuring the J (V) curves of complete solar cells. In this work, devices with planar NIP architecture ITO/SnO2/MAPbI3-xClx/HTL/Au were elaborated using one-step deposition method. The effects of annealing temperature of the ETL layer (SnO2) and various materials as an HTL layer have been studied. In parallel, X-ray diffraction, UV–visible absorption and photoluminescence were performed as well as photoluminescence spectroscopy, to analyze the active layer crystallinity, absorption properties and to probe charge transfer between perovskite and interface layers. By varying processing parameters, device efficiency could be raised from 10% up to 13.2%.
关键词： SnO2,HTL materials,Perovskite solar cells,Annealing temperature,MAPbI3-xClx,Photovoltaic performance
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Fabrication and H <sub/>2</sub> -Sensing Properties of SnO <sub/>2</sub> Nanosheet Gas Sensors
摘要： Vertically formed and well-defined SnO2 nanosheets are easy to fabricate, involving only a single process that is performed under moderate conditions. In this study, two different sizes of a SnO2 nanosheet were concurrently formed on a Pt interdigitated electrode chip, with interconnections between the two. As the SnO2 nanosheets were grown over time, the interconnections became stronger. The ability of the fabricated SnO2 nanosheets to sense H2 gas was evaluated in terms of the variation in their resistance. The resistance of a SnO2 nanosheet decreased with the introduction of H2 gas and returned to its initial level after the H2 gas was replaced with air. Also, the response?recovery behaviors were improved as a result of the growth of the SnO2 nanosheets owing to the presence of many reaction sites and strong interconnections, which may provide multipassages for the electron transfer channel, leading to the acceleration of the reaction between the H2 gas and SnO2 nanosheets.
关键词： H2 sensing,single process fabrication,SnO2 nanosheets,gas sensors,electron transfer channel
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Peculiarities of using nanomaterials based on SiO <sub/>2</sub> -SnO <sub/>2-</sub> In <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>3</sub> as sensitive elements of vacuum sensors
摘要： Experimental data on the use of nanomaterials based on SiO2-SnO2-In2O3 as sensitive elements of vacuum sensors are presented. It is shown that the sensory response of a three-component system under consideration is determined by the mass fraction of indium oxide. It was determined that depending on the content of In2O3 the nanomaterials under study can be characterized by a decrease and an increase in resistance when the pressure is reduced lower than atmospheric one. The mechanisms that potentially correspond to the observed phenomenon are considered.
关键词： nanomaterials,indium oxide,SiO2-SnO2-In2O3,vacuum sensors,sensitive elements
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2017 (ISCPMS2017) - Bali, Indonesia (26–27 July 2017)] - Photocatalytic performance of Ag/Fe3O4/SnO2 supported on two different types of graphene
摘要： In this work, Ag/Fe3O4/SnO2 composites with two types of graphene (Ag/Fe3O4/SnO2/NGP and Ag/Fe3O4/SnO2/graphene) were synthesized using co-precipitation and applied in degradation of methylene blue (MB) as a target pollutant in a solution. The prepared sample was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. TGA characterization indicated that two types of graphene were successfully loaded into the Ag/Fe3O4/SnO2 composites. The experiments were performed at a pH of 13 and an initial of MB concentration of 20 mg/L. Among the two types of graphene, the Ag/Fe3O4/SnO2/graphene shows the highest photocatalytic activity for degradation of MB under UV light irradiation, and the photocatalytic performance decreases in the order Ag/Fe3O4/SnO2/NGP > Ag/Fe3O4/SnO2 > Fe3O4/SnO2. The optimum conditions for irradiation time and catalyst dosages were 120 min and 0.3 g/L, respectively. The addition of diammonium oxalate, which acts as a hole scavenger, leads to a simultaneous decrease in the dye degradation. This suggests that hole is the dominant active species responsible for the dye degradation. The reusability tests have also been carried out to ensure the stability of the used catalysts.
关键词： SnO2,Fe3O4,NGP,graphene
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Interfacial Chemical Bridge Constructed by Zwitterionic Sulfamic Acid for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： A simple-structure zwitterion of sulfamic acid (+H3N-SO3-, SA) is introduced to construct effective chemical bridge between SnO2 and perovskite layer through a coordination bond via the –SO3- anion for remedying the oxygen vacancies of SnO2 and meanwhile to passivate charged defects of perovskite through electrostatic interaction via the –NH3+ cation. The introduced SA results in high-quality perovskite films with large grain size, due to the better wettability for perovskite solution. Consequently, the SA-modified solar cell generates an enhanced efficiency from 18.2% to 20.4% with negligible hysteresis. Remarkably, the unsealed device with SA-modification also exhibits considerably improved stability.
关键词： chemical bridge,SnO2,solar cells,perovskite,sulfamic acid (SA)
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Self-Assembled Nanostructured Tin Oxide Thin Films at the Air-Water Interface for Selective H <sub/>2</sub> S Detection
摘要： Simple, inexpensive and scalable strategies for metal oxide thin film growth are critical for potential applications in the field of gas sensing. Here, we report a general method for the synthesis of free-standing oxide thin films via a one-step, surfactant-free hydrothermal reaction wherein the oxide film forms at the air-water interface. Using SnO2 and PdO as model systems, we show that the thin films, thus formed, have lateral dimensions of the order of centimeters and thickness of the order of tens of nanometers. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) has been used to understand the growth mechanism of the films. Based on these studies, we propose that the metal oxide particles formed in the bulk of the solution move to the interface and get trapped to form a continuous, polycrystalline film. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements have been carried out to understand the structure, morphology and thickness of the films. Thickness tunability by varying the precursor concentration has been explored which in turn affects optical and gas sensing properties. Thin SnO2 films (30nm) revealed ultrasensitive response (R) of 25,000% to 6 ppm H2S at 150oC while demonstrating 25 ppb (R = 19.3%) as the experimental lowest limit of detection. The selectivity of these nanostructured films towards H2S stands tall among the other interfering gases, by exhibiting approximately two orders higher response magnitude. Furthermore, these thin films are highly stable at elevated temperatures.
关键词： Air-water interface,Gas sensing,SnO2,Metal oxides,Self-assembly
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Investigation of thin-film p-BaSi<sub>2</sub>/n-CdS heterostructure towards semiconducting silicide based high efficiency solar cell
摘要： In this article, semiconducting Barium Silicide (BaSi2) absorber based Al/SnO2:F/CdS/BaSi2:B/Cu novel heterostructure thin-film solar cell (TFSC) has been studied in details. The solar cell has been numerically simulated and intensely analyzed by Solar cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS). Layer thickness was varied from 100-3000 nm for p+-BaSi2 absorber, 20-200 nm for both n-CdS buffer, and n+-SnO2:F window layers to optimize the device. Hitherwards, the impurities concentration for acceptor (NA) and donor (ND) ions was optimized for each layer through ample variation. The influence of single-donor and acceptor type bulk defect densities has been investigated thoroughly in p+-BaSi2 and n-CdS materials, respectively. An efficiency >30% is achievable ideally with a 2 μm thick BaSi2 absorber without incorporating defects whereas it reduces to 26.32% with only 1.2 μm thick absorber including certain amount of defects. Cell thermal stability and alteration of cell parameters were studied under cell operating temperature from 273°K to 473°K. Finally, the effect of series (Rs) and shunt (Rsh) resistances on proposed cell has been investigated meticulously. This newly designed solar cell structure proclaims the chance of fabricating a resourceful, low cost, and highly efficient TFSC near future.
关键词： SnO2:F window,Thin-film solar cell,BaSi2 absorber,SCAPS simulation,CdS buffer,Optimization
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Boosting the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells through facile molecular engineering approaches
摘要： Not only the poor interaction but also trap states at interfaces and grain boundaries are suspected to be responsible for carrier losses in perovskite solar cell (PSC) architecture, leading to inferior photovoltaic performance and long-term stability. Here, facile and effective molecular engineering approaches have been reported by employing a CsF-doped SnO2 electron-transporting layer (ETL) and inserting zwitterion molecules as building blocks between perovskite and hole-transporting layer (HTL). The modification of SnO2 by alkali metal fluoride significantly improved the opto-electronic properties, indicating rapid extraction of photogenerated electrons and better light-harvesting. On the other hand, zwitterion interlayer demonstrated a considerable passivation in multiple defect states at grain boundaries of perovskite film. This strategy yielded an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.23 V for triple-cation perovskite composition with the loss in potential of only 0.37 V. As a result, a considerable efficiency of 21.7% was achieved with negligible hysteresis. More importantly, such engineering approaches exhibited an admissible long-term stability under continuous light soaking at the maximum power point (MPP) tracking by retaining 90% of initial efficiency after ~800 h. In short, these initiatives have simultaneously improved the photovoltaic performance and long-term stability of PSCs. This work severely highlights the utility of molecular engineering approaches in perovskite devices and provides the basis for facilitating industrial applications in the near future.
关键词： Stability,Perovskite solar cells,Zwitterion molecules,SnO2 electron transporting layer,Cesium fluoride
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Highly efficient flexible perovskite solar cells made via ultrasonic vibration assisted room temperature cold sintering
摘要： With emerging flexible substrates, perovskite solar cells have entered into a new stage of development toward flexibility, portability and miniaturization. However, this promising landscape is hindered by the necessity the high-temperature processes. In this study, a highly efficient, stable and flexible planar perovskite solar cell is fabricated using an all-room temperature pathway. First, a nanocrystalline SnO2 layer is deposited on polyethylene terephthalate/indium tin oxide via room-temperature sol-gel strategy. Then (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 is coated thereon, by annealing-free solution deposition. In both steps films are subjected to ultrasonic vibration, right after deposition, while they are still wet. By virtue of the ultrasonic energy, surface evaporation of liquid molecules is accelerated, impurities are removed from deposited wet film, and as a result shrinkage and sintering occur at room temperature. The cell is completed by a classical method, showing a champion power conversion efficiency of 17.38%, based on 0.16 cm2 active area. After 480 h aging in 50% relative humidity, this cell retains 80% of its initial performance. This research promises efficient, inexpensive and sustainable systems for harvesting solar energy by wearable modules.
关键词： SnO2,Cold sintering,Ultrasonic vibration,Perovskite solar cells,Flexible
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57