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Study on electronic blocking layer of 403 nm GaN-based vertical cavity surface emitting lasers
摘要： In order to obtain good optical characteristics in the GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), different kinds of AlGaN electron blocking layers (EBL) were introduced. These were inserted coherently near the active region to limit electron leakage into the p-doped side. The research was conducted by photonic integrated circuit simulator in three-dimensional (PICS3D). The simulated results reveal that an EBL can improve the optical characteristics of a VCSEL effectively. All the advantages are due to a reduction in the electron leakage in the quantum wells. While the voltage of the five-layer EBLs LD is lower than the voltage of the seven-layer EBLs LD, the output power of the two is approximately the same, so the five-layer EBLs is the best choice for comprehensive structure analysis as the epitaxial structure can be grown more easily on it.
关键词： PICS3D,optical characteristics,GaN-based VCSEL,electron blocking layer
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Effect of combination of natural dyes and post-TiCl4 treatment in improving the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： Herein, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been sensitized with natural red dye (extracted from red spinach) and yellow dye (extracted from turmeric) and five different combinations of red and yellow dyes (at different volume ratios) to determine the optimum combination of red and yellow dyes for the maximum cell efficiency. In addition, the effect of post-TiCl4 treatment in improving cell efficiency has been studied. From UV-vis absorption spectrum, higher absorbance and cumulative absorption properties over the entire visible region show that the combination of red and yellow dyes absorbs light better than the individual red or yellow dyes. DSSCs sensitized with red and yellow dyes have a photoconversion efficiency of 0.416% and 0.921%, respectively. DSSCs sensitized with the combination of red and yellow dyes showed higher cell parameters than the DSSCs sensitized with the individual yellow or red dye. The photoelectrical parameters of DSSCs cosensitized with the optimum combination of dyes (40% red + 60% yellow) were as follows: short-circuit current (Isc) = 5.343 mA, open-circuit voltage (Voc) = 0.493 V, fill factor (FF) = 0.481, and overall photoconversion efficiency = 1.267%. However, after the treatment of FTO (fluorine doped tin oxide) / TiO2 with TiCl4, a significant amount of improvement in the Isc, Voc, and FF was observed. DSSCs fabricated with TiCl4-treated FTO/TiO2 and sensitized with the optimum combination of red and yellow dyes showed the following cell parameters: Isc= 5.829 mA, Voc= 0.498 V, and F$F = 0.541. Hence, the efficiency obtained was 1.572%, which is almost 1.24 times higher than that of the DSSCs fabricated without TiCl4 treatment. Finally, the possible effect of water content in the combination of dyes has been observed with a fixed amount of red dye in the combination.
关键词： Curcumin,Anthocyanin,Combination of dyes,Blocking layer,Natural red dye,Natural yellow dye,DSSC
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Effect of TiCl4 Treatment on Different TiO2 Blocking Layer Deposition Methods
摘要： Organolead halid perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells with all-mesoporous device structure were fabricated with TiO2 blocking layer created by two different methods. Three groups of devices were tested. The TiO2 blocking layer of group 1 was spin-coated with conventional method, while that of groups 2 and 3 was grown by magnetron sputtering of metallic Ti and followed thermal oxidation. Different durations (0, 30, 45, and 60 minutes) of TiCl4 treatment were used during fabrication to study how the performance of each group of solar cells was affected. For all groups of samples, it was obvious that treated samples had much better I-V characteristics that non-treated, with up to 50% improvement in PCE. The difference in the performance improvement was investigated.
关键词： TiCl4 treatment,Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs),TiO2 blocking layer
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14