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[IEEE 2019 2nd International Conference on Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (SGRE) - Doha, Qatar (2019.11.19-2019.11.21)] 2019 2nd International Conference on Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (SGRE) - Optimal Configuration for Building Integrated Photovoltaics System to Mitigate the Partial Shading on Complex Geometric Roofs
摘要： Middle East region has a high capability of adopting Photovoltaics system due to the massive values of irradiation that this region has. Many new building projects being established in the region with roof spaces that can be utilized to install Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) system. However, due to the contemporary, sophisticated geometric design of the roofs in most of the building projects, the curvature of the rooftop creates a big insolation difference due to the partial shading of these rooftops. This paper illustrates the partial shading on the BIPV modules in one of Qatar’s most recent project (Qatar Rail stations) by collecting data from the regional weather station and simulated data by using Building Information Modeling (BIM) for insolation simulation. The modeling of the BIPV system was done in MATLAB/Simulink. Different system configuration layout scenarios for different BIPV insolation were examined to show the behavior of which I-V and P-V characteristics with the highest insolation BIPV array. it is concluded that the system is preferred to be separated in parallel connection to not limit its current components with the smallest insolation value among all BIPV arrays. The outcomes of the proposed algorithm are believed suggestive facilitating for development of BIPV systems—a new domain combined architecture and solar energy integration.
关键词： Shading,Complex Roofs,Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Semi-Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells with a Cross-Linked Hole Transport Layer
摘要： Semi-transparent perovskite solar cells (ST-PeSCs) have received great attention because of their excellent performance and promising application in areas such as tandem devices and building integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs). Critical across all these applications is achieving both high efficiency and stable photovoltaic performance of such devices. Realizing both of these properties simultaneously has not been possible using device architectures featuring the archetypal doped Spiro-OMeTAD as a hole transport layer (HTL). As such, in this work we explore the use of a solution-processed cross-linked HTL formed from N4,N4′-di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N4,N4′-bis(4-vinylphenyl)biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (VNPB) molecules as an alternative to the conventional Spiro-OMeTAD within an FTO/SnO2/C60-SAM/Perovskite/HTL/MoOx/ultra-thin gold/MoOx ST-PeSC device architecture. Through an optimized multi-step thermal treatment process that maximizes charge extraction and reduces recombination from these devices, we can achieve ST-PeSCs that exhibit record power conversion efficiencies for Spiro-OMeTAD-free devices with average visible transmittance values between 10 and 30%. These devices exhibit comparable efficiencies to their Spiro-OMeTAD counterparts, with the additional benefit that the use of the poly-VNPB as the HTL material provides significant improvements in long-term device stability under both continuous illumination and high humidity conditions.
关键词： stability,perovskite solar cells,cross-linked layer,semi-transparent,hole transport layer,building integrated photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Transparent MoS <sub/>2</sub> /PEDOT Composite Counter Electrodes for Bifacial Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
摘要： Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are solar energy conversion devices with high efficiency and simple fabrication procedures. Developing transparent counter electrode (CE) materials for bifacial DSSCs can address the needs of window-transparent-type building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs). Herein, transparent organic?inorganic hybrid composite films of molybdenum disulfide and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (MoS2/PEDOT) are prepared to take full advantage of the conductivity and electrocatalytic ability of the two components. MoS2 is synthesized by hydrothermal method and spin-coated to form the MoS2 layer, and then PEDOT films are electrochemically polymerized on top of the MoS2 film to form the composite CEs. The DSSC with the optimized MoS2/PEDOT composite CE shows power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7% under front illumination and 4.82% under back illumination. Compared with the DSSC made by the PEDOT CE and the Pt CE, the DSSC fabricated by the MoS2/PEDOT composite CE improves the PCE by 10.6% and 6.4% for front illumination, respectively. It proves that the transparent MoS2/PEDOT CE owes superior conductivity and catalytic properties, and it is an excellent candidate for bifacial DSSC in the application of BIPVs.
关键词： building-integrated photovoltaics,transparent counter electrode,MoS2/PEDOT composite,bifacial illumination,Dye-sensitized solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Determination of economically optimised building integrated photovoltaic systems for utilisation on facades in the tropical climate: A case study of Colombo, Sri Lanka
摘要： Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are becoming a viable solution for clean on-site energy production and utilisation to combat the existing energy crisis. In tropical climates, although rooftops are ideal for photovoltaic (PV) module integration, the available area may be insufficient to meet building energy demand due to the recent high-rise nature of urban buildings, causing a requirement for the utilisation of facades. However, the high angle of solar elevation means that facades are unfavourably oriented towards receiving incident solar irradiation. In addition, the issue exists of high solar heat gains into built spaces. This paper proposes a method to utilise horizontally inclined photovoltaic modules integrated on solar shading devices in order to combat these issues of unfavourable inclination and solar heat gains in commercial office buildings in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Various strategies are introduced and evaluated in terms of their inclination angles and the distance between installations. The results are analysed in terms of economic potential in order to determine which strategies are capable of producing the most electricity and reducing building cooling loads for the lowest installation costs. The results show that horizontal inclinations of PV on facades are capable of generating nearly 8% more electricity as a percentage of the building energy consumption when compared with traditional vertical PV facade installations.
关键词： facades,office building,photovoltaic integrated shading systems,building integrated photovoltaics,optimisation
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Electrical system architectures for building-integrated photovoltaics: A comparative analysis using a modelling framework in Modelica
摘要： Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems may be catalyzers of sustainable, near-zero energy buildings. To maximize the benefits of employing BIPV, it is important to integrate them properly into the grid of the building. The discussion on AC versus DC distribution for microgrid and nanogrid backbones is currently revisited as the level of penetration of renewable sources, electric vehicles and DC loads is constantly increasing. This paper tackles this question and provides guidelines using a validated simulation framework. The study compares DC (48 V and 380 V) and AC (230 V/50 Hz) topologies integrated into a ten-story office building with fa?ade-integrated BIPV. Annual simulations are carried out for five locations with different climatic conditions and comparisons are made in terms of system- and component-level efficiency, system losses, self-sufficiency, self-consumption and CO2 emission. The analysis shows that the DC topologies perform better than the AC one, especially for the locations with high solar energy yield compared to the cooling and heating loads. Further, a parametric analysis is performed to determine the optimal sizing of the building grid components, DC and AC alike. Finally, different scenarios of battery energy storage system capacity are examined in order to test the sensitivity of the performed analysis.
关键词： Modelica,Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV),Electrical configuration,Modelling,Building energy simulation
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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An Image-Based Gamut Analysis of Translucent Digital Ceramic Prints for Coloured Photovoltaic Modules
摘要： Colouring the frontglass of photovoltaic (PV) modules via digital ceramic printing aids in concealing the PV modules when integrated into existing building fa?ades as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), while admitting sufficient light to produce electricity. This promotes the visual acceptance and adoption of PV modules as a source of renewable energy in urban environments. The effective colour of the PV laminate is a combination of the transparent colour on glass and the colour of the PV cells. This colour should ideally match the architect’s visual expectations in terms of fidelity, but also in terms of relative PV efficiency as a function of print density. In practice, these requirements are often contradictory, particularly for vivid colours, and the visual results may deviate significantly. This paper presents an objective analysis of how colours appear on ceramically printed frontglass when laminated with a PV module, using an image-based colour acquisition process. Given a set of 1044 nominal colours uniformly distributed in the RGB colour space, each printed in 10 opacities, we quantify the range of effective colours observed when printed on glass and combined with a PV module, and their deviation from the nominals. Our results confirm that the effective colour gamuts are significantly constrained and skewed, depending on the ink volume and glass finish used for printing. In particular, blue–magenta hues cannot be reliably rendered with this process. These insights can serve as guidelines for selecting target colours for BIPV that can be well approximated in practice.
关键词： colour gamut,colour difference,digital ceramic printing,building integrated photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Stress mitigation for adhesively bonded photovoltaics with fibre reinforced polymer composites in load carrying applications
摘要： Structural loads, especially in-plane compression, may cause local buckling and debonding of the photovoltaic (PV) cells that are mechanically integrated with structural members and this may lead to degradation in their electrical performance. This paper proposes an approach to mitigate the strains transferred from structural members to PV cells through the partial composite action provided by low-modulus adhesives. Specimens were fabricated by bonding amorphous silicon (a-Si) PV cells to glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) structural components by an adhesive layer of 0.5- or 2.0-mm thickness. Two types of adhesives were used including a two-part rigid epoxy adhesive and a low-modulus silicone adhesive. These integrations were then submitted to in-plane compressive loadings. PV cells bonded by the silicone adhesive showed no damages during loading. While for PV cells bonded by epoxy adhesives, obvious electrical performance degradations were observed, when the strain reached 0.62% or 0.23% for specimens bonded by epoxy with a layer thickness of 0.5 mm or 2.0 mm respectively. Debonding and local-buckling of the PV cells were also witnessed. Theoretical analysis was conducted to understand the strain mitigation of the adhesive as a result of the induced partial composite action. Results demonstrate that such strain differences between the GFRP and the bonded PV cell are dominated by the shear modulus and thickness of the adhesive layer as well as elastic modulus, thickness and length of the PV cell. The theoretical analysis was validated by finite element (FE) modelling and design suggestions are provided accordingly.
关键词： Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV),Solar cell,Compression,Bonding,Adhesive,Composite action,Fibre reinforced polymer composites
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Performance study of a new type of transmissive concentrating system for solar photovoltaic glass curtain wall
摘要： There are many problems in Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) system, such as contradiction between daylighting and electricity generation, unable to match the demand of light control, need to constantly adjust angle for tracking, and so on. A new type of transmissive concentrating system for glass curtain wall is proposed which can improve the performance of solar photovoltaic glass curtain wall. The concentrating characteristic was studied by a series of comprehensive simulation and experiment. The optical software is used to simulate the influence of concentrating characteristics in different incident angles. Compared with solid and trapezoidal structure compound parabolic collector, the concentrating performance of hollow with water structure is also simulated. Simulation results shown that the receiving rate of hollow with water compound parabolic collector is changing slowly when incidence angle is increasing between 0 and 20°, and it can achieve 70% when the incidence angle less than 20°, and it is better than other concentrator with different cross section shapes. Based on simulation results, the experimental samples were processed and tested in a typical sunny weather. The experimental results were in good agreement with the simulation results. The system had a minimum transmittance of 28.2% at noon, but before 9:40 AM and after 15:40 PM, the transmittance exceeds 55% and can meet lighting requirements of rooms. It can be proved that the new system has passive light control function, which is expected to replace the double-layer vacuum glass curtain wall that is widely used nowadays.
关键词： Glass curtain wall,Solar energy,Building integrated photovoltaics,Light control,Transmissive concentrating
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Coloured Building Integrated Photovoltaics: Influence on Energy Efficiency
摘要： Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) has attracted increased commercial interest in recent years due to a growing focus on efficient utilization of land area and local renewable energy generation. Aesthetic aspects must be considered when photovoltaic panels are applied as building elements. Colours can be added by reflecting some of the sunlight that otherwise could have been utilized for electricity generation. Reflectance spectra of commercial solar cell modules have been measured and analysed. Relative efficiency loss caused by the reflected solar radiation energy has been calculated. The calculated losses in efficiency based on measured spectra have been compared to model spectra with colour coordinates corresponding to RAL colours as well as more idealized monochromatic spectra. The analysis shows that the most important colour parameter affecting loss is the lightness. The second most important parameter is the hue of the colour, with green-yellow colours having the lowest loss, and pink colours resulting in the highest loss, when colours with the same lightness are compared. A Colour Performance Index (CPI) given by luminous reflectance divided by relative loss has been proposed as a figure of merit, thus allowing for a useful comparison of colours with different lightness.
关键词： Building integrated photovoltaics,Solar cell,Colour,Energy efficiency,BIPV
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04