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Impact of A‐D‐A Structured Dithienosilole and Phenoxazine based Small Molecular Material for Bulk Heterojunction and Dopant‐free Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： In this communication, we have designed and synthesized a novel acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) structured small molecule Si-PO-2CN based on dithienosilole (DTS) as building block flanked by electron-rich Phenoxazine (POZ) units terminated with dicyanovinylene which showed unique electrochemical and photo-physical properties. Si-PO-2CN has been successfully employed in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as well as in bulk hetero-junction organic solar cells (OSCs). The PSCs fabricated with dopant free Si-PO-2CN as hole-transport material (HTM) exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.1% (active area 1.02 cm2). Additionally, PCE of 5.6% has been achieved for OSCs using Si-PO-2CN as p-type donor material when blended with PC71BM acceptor. The versatile application of Si-PO-2CN provides path way for further implementation of DTS based building blocks in solar cells for designing new molecules.
关键词： A-D-A structured,dopant-free perovskite solar cells,bulk heterojunction,phenoxazine,small molecular material,dithienosilole
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Effect of fullerene substituent on thermal robustness in polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells
摘要： Effect of fullerene substituent on thermal robustness in polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells using a conjugated polymer PTB7-Th. While 175 °C is the best annealing temperature for a solar cell with unmodified C70, it deteriorates a device with a substituted C70 (C70-PCBM). Additionally, annealing at 175 °C does not change the surface of PTB7-Th:C70 film but makes the surface of PTB7-Th:C70-PCBM film bumpy. The results suggest that the substituent promotes the migration of fullerene in polymer:fullerene solid composite.
关键词： fullerene,C70-PCBM,PTB7-Th,bulk heterojunction solar cells,thermal robustness
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[Frontiers of Nanoscience] Nanostructured Thin Films Volume 14 || Spectroscopic and electrical properties of hybrid thin films for solar cell applications
摘要： Third-generation solar cells are designed in order to be able to fabricate thin film solar cells with solution deposition techniques and to obtain high-efficiency solar cells. There are two types of well-known solution-phase-fabricated solar cells: (1) multilayer structure and (2) bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. Multilayer structure solar cells are fabricated layer by layer of semiconductors, whereas BHJ solar cells consist of two semiconducting materials mixed in one common solvent and deposited onto a conductive glass substrate. Compared with multilayer structures, the BHJ method enables a reduction of the electron pathways between the two materials. One type of solution process for BHJ solar cells is the polymer-nanocrystal BHJ (or hybrid) solar cell. Hybrid BHJ solar cells are fabricated by blending the conducting polymer and inorganic colloidal NCs, and thus combining the properties of both organic and inorganic nanocrystals semiconductors. In this process, the performance of hybrid BHJ solar cells is influenced by the nanocrystals’ shape, solubility, and surface modification, as these properties are believed to affect the crystals’ incorporation in the polymer matrix.
关键词： bulk heterojunction,charge transport,ligand exchange,solar cells,nanocrystals,thin films,polymer
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Synthesis and characterization of vinazene end capped dipyrrolo[2,3-b:2′,3′-e]pyrazine-2,6(1H,5H)-dione small molecules as non-fullerene acceptors for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells
摘要： Two dipyrrolo[2,3-b:2',3'-e]pyrazine-2,6(1H,5H)-dione (PzDP)-based small molecules DPDV and DPEV with PzDP as the core building block and 4,5-dicyano-2-vinylimdazole (vinazene) as end-cap units were synthesized by Heck coupling reaction. The photophysical, electrochemical properties of DPDV and DPEV were investigated and applied as non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) for solution-processed bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs). Theoretically evaluated optical and electrochemical properties were well matched with experimental values. Solution processed BHJOSCs employing poly[(4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl)-alt-(3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexy)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-4,6-diyl)] (PTB7) as the donor polymer and DPDV/ DPEV as NFAs exhibited short-circuit current density (JSC) of 2.23/ 2.44 mA cm-2, open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.54/ 0.55 V, fill factor (FF) of 36.97/ 38.62 and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.45/0.52%, respectively.
关键词： heterocycles,cyclic voltammetry,bulk heterojunction organic solar cells,non-fullerene acceptors materials,organic semiconductors
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Exploring alkylthiol additives in PBDB-T:ITIC blended active layers for solar cell applications
摘要： Bulk heterojunction, non-fullerene PBDB-T:ITIC blend polymer solar cells have been fabricated. The active layers consisting of PBDB-T as a donor and ITIC as an acceptor are optimized using a series of alkylthiol additives (1,3-propanedithiol, 1,4-butanedithiol, and 1,8-octanedithiol). It is found that the donor and acceptor are phase separated with different crystalline domains. The additives effectively re-organize the morphology and extend the molecule ordering in lamellar structure with increased correlation length in ITIC domain, bene?ting the generation and dissociation of exciton and reducing charge recombination. A substantial improvement in power conversion ef?ciency of the devices from 8.13% to 9.44% is observed. This study shows that the application of alkylthiol additives is a simple and effective approach to improve the device performance in solar cells based on polymer/non-fullerene blend system.
关键词： solvent additive,bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer/non-fullerene solar cells,morphology,crystallization
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Effect of Annealing Treatment on Optical and Electrical Properties of PCDTBT:Graphene Hybrid Structure for Photovoltaic Application
摘要： Indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly[N-9￠-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4,7-di-2-thienyl-2￠,1￠,3￠-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT):graphene/Al structures have been elaborated. By applying a specific elaboration method, we succeeded in dispersing expandable graphene oxide in organic solvent (N,N-dimethylformamide, DMF) to obtain graphene oxide and insert it into a PCDTBT matrix. The effect of annealing treatment of PCDTBT:graphene films on the optical and electrical properties were studied. The obtained results showed a remarkable effect of the annealing treatment on the optoelectronic properties. The ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectra showed that the light harvesting was increased and the orderly stacking of the polymer chains was enhanced. The photoluminescence results showed a red-shift of about 10 nm in case of heat treatment at 150°C, related to an increase of the conjugation length of the polymer chains. The electrical parameters, such as the series resistance (Rs), ideality factor (n), and barrier height (/b), were calculated. We found that thermal annealing reduced both the series resistance Rs and barrier height value /b, significantly. These results indicate that annealing treatment improves the transport phenomenon in the active layer. In addition, the Log(J)–Log(V) curves suggested that the charge transport is governed by a space-charge-limited mechanism current. The effective carrier mobility (leff) was on the order of 10?5 cm2/V.
关键词： annealing treatment,hybrid structure,PCDTBT,graphene oxide,bulk heterojunction,Nanocomposite
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Solution-Processed Phototransistors Combining Organic Absorber and Charge Transporting Oxide for Visible to Infrared Light Detection
摘要： This report demonstrates high-performance infrared phototransistors that uses a broadband absorbing organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer responsive from the visible to the shortwave infrared, from 500 nm to 1400 nm. The device structure is based on a bilayer transistor channel that decouples charge photogeneration and transport, enabling independent optimization of each process. The organic BHJ layer is improved by incorporating camphor, a highly polarizable additive that increases carrier lifetime. An indium zinc oxide transport layer with high electron mobility is employed for rapid charge transport. As a result, the phototransistors achieve a dynamic range of 127 dB and reach a specific detectivity of 5×1012 Jones under low power illumination of 20 nW/cm2, outperforming commercial germanium photodiodes in the spectral range below 1300 nm. The photodetector metrics are measured with respect to the applied voltage, incident light power, and temporal bandwidth, demonstrating operation at the video-frame rate of 50 Hz. In particular, the frequency and light dependence of the phototransistor characteristics are analyzed to understand the change in photoconductive gain under different working conditions.
关键词： shortwave infrared,phototransistor,indium zinc oxide,bulk heterojunction,carrier lifetime,semiconducting polymer,camphor
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Optimizing nanoscale morphology and improving Carrier transport of PCDTBT-PCBM bulk heterojunction by cyclic carboxylate nucleating agents
摘要： In this work, four cyclic carboxylate commercial nucleating agents, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid disodium salt (HPN-68L), sodium salt of hexahydrophthalic acid (HHPA-Na), sodium benzoate (Be-Na) and calcium salt of hexahydrophthalic acid (HPN-20E) were respectively added into poly[N-9’-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4’,7’-di-2-thienyl-2’,1’,3’ benzothiadi-azole)] (PCDTBT)-[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-vis measurements indicate that the addition of carboxylic acid sodium salts can effectively optimize the morphology of active layer, decrease the phase domain size and increase the optical absorption intensity of PCDTBT-PCBM blends. The PCDTBT-PCBM-additive ternary devices were fabricated and found that adding carboxylic acid sodium salts can improve the hole mobility, balance the hole and electron mobility and finally increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Fixed the additive content as 5%, the modulation ability of the bicyclic dicarboxylic acid sodium salt HPN-68L is best, monocyclic dicarboxylic acid sodium salt HHPA-Na comes second, monocyclic carboxylic acid sodium salt Be-Na is worst. The addition of carboxylic acid calcium salt HPN-20E has no effects on the morphology and optical absorption intensity of the PCDTBT-PCBM blend, and the photoelectric properties of PCDTBT-PCBM-HPN-20E ternary device decreases in comparison with those of pristine PCDTBT-PCBM binary device. The modulation ability of cyclic carboxylate is related to its surface free energy and its location in the PCDTBT-PCBM blend. HPN-68L locates in the interfacial region between PCDTBT and PCBM, other cyclic carboxylates locates in the PCBM. Our finding suggests the addition of cyclic carboxylic acid sodium salts can be a facile approach to optimize the morphology and increase the electrical properties of organic materials for future development of organic photovoltaic devices.
关键词： PCDTBT-PCBM bulk heterojunction,carrier transport,organic photovoltaic devices,cyclic carboxylate nucleating agents,nanoscale morphology
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Ladder‐Type Nonacyclic Arene Bis(thieno[3,2‐b]thieno)cyclopentafluorene as A Promising Building Block for Non‐Fullerene Acceptor
摘要： A ladder-type nonacyclic arene (bis(thieno[3,2-b]thieno)cyclopentafluorene (BTTF)) has been designed and synthesized through fusing thienothiophenes with the fluorene core from the synthon of dimethyl 9,9-dioctyl-2,7-bis(thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)fluorene-3,6-dicarboxylate. With BTTF as the central donor unit, a novel acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) type non-fullerene small molecule (BTTFIC) was prepared with 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanones (IC) as the peripheral acceptor units. The energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of BTTFIC locate at -5.56 and -3.95 eV, respectively, presenting a low optical band gap of 1.58 eV. Encouragingly, polymer solar cells based on the blends of BTTFIC with both the representative wide and low band gap polymer donors (PBDB-T, 1.82 eV. PTB7-Th, 1.58 eV) offer power conversion efficiencies over 8% (8.78 ± 0.18% for PBDB-T:BTTFIC and 8.18 ± 0.29% for PTB7-Th:BTTFIC). These results highlight the advantage of ladder-type BTTF on the preparation of nonfullerene acceptors with extended conjugated backbones.
关键词： Ladder-type Arene,Non-fullerene Acceptor,Bulk heterojunction,Polymer Solar Cells,Polycyclic Aromatics
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14