- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
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Detailed modeling of the video signal and optimal readout of charge-coupled devices
摘要： This article provides a practical design methodology to calculate an optimal filter for noise reduction in the readout of charge-coupled devices (CCDs) taking into account the charge transfer and feedthroughs due to capacitive coupling in the CCD. A detailed analysis of the dynamics of the video signal and charge transfer is presented, including the circuital modeling of the output stage of the CCD and the dynamics of the electronics in the video chain before the analog-to-digital (AD) converter. This model is used to compute an optimal filter that minimizes the variance of the pixel noise and uses the samples of the charge transfer, before the charge is fully settled. This is necessary to enhance the performance of previous results that also use optimal filters but do not use the transition samples, while also reducing the pixel readout time, resulting in faster readouts. As a proof of concept for the optimal filter, we present novel experimental results using a Skipper CCD, which has a floating sense node that allows to measure the charge packet an arbitrary number of times. However, this technique can be applied to any CCD that has a readout system that digitally samples the video signal.
关键词： CCD,optimal filter,minimum noise variance,readout,charge transfer
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Determination of local muon flux using astronomical Charged Coupled Device
摘要： As an abundant component of secondary cosmic rays at the Earth, muons carry significant data, such as information on mass number of primary particles producing extensive air showers. Anyhow, the total muon flux is an important observable in many phenomena, for example it is suggested that the muon flux is influenced by the level of solar activity at the Earth, while the neutrino anomaly and hadronic interaction models are studied through the products of muon decay. As a result a part of any cosmic ray detector is designed to observe muons, count and evaluate their energy and angular distribution. Thus a simple method was started in Research Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics of Maragha, University of Maragheh to study the recorded tracks of particles by an astronomical CCD at 1478 m above sea level. To analyze recorded data and determine the muon flux from experiments, the flux of secondary atmospheric muons simulated with CORSIKA code (version 6.9) to study the muon angular distribution for our geographical location (latitude: 46.2534 E, longitude: 37.3892 N). The data used here were gathered during a ground run on 4 months (of 2016 and 2017), at Maragheh, Iran. The paper presents numerical results of the muon's flux obtained at 1478 m above sea level which is in good agreement with expected values from simulations. The results were compared with experimental data from different experiments.
关键词： Simulation,CORSIKA,Cosmic rays,Detector,Muon,CCD
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Comparative Investigations of the Effects of Soiling of PV Modules and Systems in Tropical, Subtropical, and Semi-Arid Climate Zones in Brazil
摘要： A 47-million-pixel (47Mp) interline charge-coupled-device (CCD) image sensor, the world’s highest resolution interline-transfer CCD, has been developed for industrial, machine vision, and aerial photography applications. The sensor features a 5.5-μm pixel, 16-output low-noise amplifier and a low-smear, fast-dump gate, horizontal lateral overflow drain, and ON-chip temperature sensor. One challenge to manufacture this large sensor is stitching the sensor with different lithography tools, while still achieving equal or better image performance than its predecessor.
关键词： image sensor,multiple outputs,interline transfer (IT),lithography stitching,Charge-coupled-device (CCD)
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Hypercube States for Sub-Planck Sensing
摘要： Land-cover datasets are crucial for research on eco-hydrological processes and earth system modeling. Many land-cover datasets have been derived from remote-sensing data. However, their spatial resolutions are usually low and their classification accuracy is not high enough, which are not well suited to the needs of land surface modeling. Consequently, a comprehensive method for monthly land-cover classification in the Heihe river basin (HRB) with high spatial resolution is developed. Moreover, the major crops in the HRB are also distinguished. The proposed method integrates multiple classifiers and multisource data. Three types of data including MODIS, HJ-1/CCD, and Landsat/TM and Google Earth images are used. Compared to single classifier, multiple classifiers including thresholding, support vector machine (SVM), object-based method, and time-series analysis are integrated to improve the accuracy of classification. All the data and classifiers are organized using a decision tree. Monthly land-cover maps of the HRB in 2013 with 30-m spatial resolution are made. A comprehensive validation shows great improvement in the accuracy. First, a visual comparison of the land-cover maps using the proposed method and standard SVM method shows the classification differences and the advantages of the proposed method. The confusion matrix is used to evaluate the classification accuracy, showing an overall classification accuracy of over 90% in the HRB, which is quite higher than previous approaches. Furthermore, a ground campaign was performed to evaluate the accuracy of crop classification and an overall accuracy of 84.09% for the crop classification was achieved.
关键词： Crop classification,river basin,multisource remotely sensed data,phenology,time-series analysis,multiple classifiers,multiple scales,HJ-1/CCD,land cover
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET) - Tangerang, Indonesia (2019.10.23-2019.10.24)] 2019 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET) - Contact-free Crater Depth Monitoring Using Measured Acoustic Shock Waves for Smart Laser Surgery Applications: Preliminary Result
摘要： A 47-million-pixel (47Mp) interline charge-coupled-device (CCD) image sensor, the world’s highest resolution interline-transfer CCD, has been developed for industrial, machine vision, and aerial photography applications. The sensor features a 5.5-μm pixel, 16-output low-noise amplifier and a low-smear, fast-dump gate, horizontal lateral overflow drain, and ON-chip temperature sensor. One challenge to manufacture this large sensor is stitching the sensor with different lithography tools, while still achieving equal or better image performance than its predecessor.
关键词： image sensor,multiple outputs,interline transfer (IT),lithography stitching,Charge-coupled-device (CCD)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL) - Sozopol, Bulgaria (2019.9.6-2019.9.8)] 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL) - Experimental Implementation of Non-uniformity Effects in Artificial Media : (Invited)
摘要： Land-cover datasets are crucial for research on eco-hydrological processes and earth system modeling. Many land-cover datasets have been derived from remote-sensing data. However, their spatial resolutions are usually low and their classification accuracy is not high enough, which are not well suited to the needs of land surface modeling. Consequently, a comprehensive method for monthly land-cover classification in the Heihe river basin (HRB) with high spatial resolution is developed. Moreover, the major crops in the HRB are also distinguished. The proposed method integrates multiple classifiers and multisource data. Three types of data including MODIS, HJ-1/CCD, and Landsat/TM and Google Earth images are used. Compared to single classifier, multiple classifiers including thresholding, support vector machine (SVM), object-based method, and time-series analysis are integrated to improve the accuracy of classification. All the data and classifiers are organized using a decision tree. Monthly land-cover maps of the HRB in 2013 with 30-m spatial resolution are made. A comprehensive validation shows great improvement in the accuracy. First, a visual comparison of the land-cover maps using the proposed method and standard SVM method shows the classification differences and the advantages of the proposed method. The confusion matrix is used to evaluate the classification accuracy, showing an overall classification accuracy of over 90% in the HRB, which is quite higher than previous approaches. Furthermore, a ground campaign was performed to evaluate the accuracy of crop classification and an overall accuracy of 84.09% for the crop classification was achieved.
关键词： land cover,river basin,time-series analysis,multisource remotely sensed data,phenology,Crop classification,HJ-1/CCD,multiple scales,multiple classifiers
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Investigation of interference on photodetector CCD by lasers with different wavelengths
摘要： In order to study the interference mechanism about image sensor being irradiated by lasers, a monochromatic CCD and a color CCD with same type are irradiated by continuous lasers with wavelengths of 473 nm, 532 nm and 632.8 nm, respectively, and the interference phenomena are observed and the crosstalk thresholds are calculated. The digital images collected in the experiment are processed, and the interference degree curves of monochromatic CCD and color CCD under different laser powers are extracted, respectively. Analysis about experimental results indicates that the quantum efficiency of CCD material and transmittance of filter to laser will affect anti-interference ability of CCD. The higher quantum efficiency and transmittance will lead to more obvious interfering effect for CCD. Moreover, the anti-interference ability of color CCD is stronger than that of monochromatic CCD. The anti-interference ability of CCD used in the experiment to weak is: 473 m > 532 nm > 632.8 nm. Finally, the saturation point and crosstalk phenomena are simulated by analyzing the carrier overflow mode and the simulation results are basically consistent with the experimental data.
关键词： CCD,Quantum efficiency,Saturation threshold,Interference simulation,Jamming phenomenon
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Suppressing the Influence of CCD Vertical Blooming on M <sup>2</sup> Determination through Deep Learning
摘要： The vertical blooming of charge-coupled device (CCD) usually occurs in silicon-based cameras, which poses great challenge to determine the M2 of near-infrared (NIR) lasers. In this paper, a new method based on deep learning technique to suppress the influence of CCD vertical blooming on M2 determination is proposed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Taking a step-index few-mode fiber as an example, large amounts of samples including the blooming near-field beam patterns and their corresponding M2 values are used to train the convolutional neural network (CNN), aiming at learning a fast and accurate mapping from the beam pattern to the M2 parameter. The trained CNN can then be utilized to analyse the blooming pattern recorded by CCD to determine the M2. The simulated testing results have shown that the averaged prediction error of our scheme is about 0.5% for the investigated fiber beams. As for the time cost, our trained CNN only takes about 10 ms to determine the M2 value using a common laptop computer, indicating great real-time ability with high performance.
关键词： near-infrared laser,M2 parameter,deep learning,CCD vertical blooming
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 4th International Future Energy Electronics Conference (IFEEC) - Singapore, Singapore (2019.11.25-2019.11.28)] 2019 IEEE 4th International Future Energy Electronics Conference (IFEEC) - A Comparative Study of Flexible Power Point Tracking Algorithms in Photovoltaic Systems
摘要： Land-cover datasets are crucial for research on eco-hydrological processes and earth system modeling. Many land-cover datasets have been derived from remote-sensing data. However, their spatial resolutions are usually low and their classification accuracy is not high enough, which are not well suited to the needs of land surface modeling. Consequently, a comprehensive method for monthly land-cover classification in the Heihe river basin (HRB) with high spatial resolution is developed. Moreover, the major crops in the HRB are also distinguished. The proposed method integrates multiple classifiers and multisource data. Three types of data including MODIS, HJ-1/CCD, and Landsat/TM and Google Earth images are used. Compared to single classifier, multiple classifiers including thresholding, support vector machine (SVM), object-based method, and time-series analysis are integrated to improve the accuracy of classification. All the data and classifiers are organized using a decision tree. Monthly land-cover maps of the HRB in 2013 with 30-m spatial resolution are made. A comprehensive validation shows great improvement in the accuracy. First, a visual comparison of the land-cover maps using the proposed method and standard SVM method shows the classification differences and the advantages of the proposed method. The confusion matrix is used to evaluate the classification accuracy, showing an overall classification accuracy of over 90% in the HRB, which is quite higher than previous approaches. Furthermore, a ground campaign was performed to evaluate the accuracy of crop classification and an overall accuracy of 84.09% for the crop classification was achieved.
关键词： HJ-1/CCD,multiple classifiers,phenology,river basin,multiple scales,time-series analysis,Crop classification,land cover,multisource remotely sensed data
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 3rd International Conference on Robotics and Automation Sciences (ICRAS) - Wuhan, China (2019.6.1-2019.6.3)] 2019 3rd International Conference on Robotics and Automation Sciences (ICRAS) - Research on Welding Seam Tracking Technology Based on Linear Laser CCD Robot
摘要： This article is to the robot welding seam tracking of the CCD line laser sensor detection technology used in research. In view of the weld position real-time detection problem, can use a 3D data real-time weld contour line laser detection sensor, based on the triangulation principle, with a particular wavelength thread to test for the laser, the laser stripe center pixel coordinates calculated weld profile 3D coordinate. Laser triangulation is a non - contact method for absolute measurement of welds. This can not only meet the real-time measurement, but also ensure the high accuracy of measurement. This measurement method has become the development trend of industrial production, can effectively resist the interference of arc light and spatter, and meet the actual welding requirements.
关键词： weld detection,trigonometry,linear laser CCD,image processing
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52