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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 1st Global Conference on Life Sciences and Technologies (LifeTech) - Osaka, Japan (2019.3.12-2019.3.14)] 2019 IEEE 1st Global Conference on Life Sciences and Technologies (LifeTech) - Infrared Laser Stimulation of Cochlear Nerve through a Tympanic Membrane
摘要： Infrared lasers are a novel method for providing neural stimulation. The laser causes an instantiable temperature rise because of optical absorption by water, and opens the heat-sensitive ion channel. Unlike electric stimulation, an infrared laser stimulates nerves without contacting the tissue. Our goal was to develop a novel auditory prosthesis by applying infrared laser stimulation in a hearing aid. This study investigated whether an infrared laser projected through the tympanic membrane could stimulate the cochlear nerves in the ear canal. Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were studied. A pulsed infrared laser (0.5–12.8 mJ/cm2) and a clicking sound (10–90 dB pe. SPL) were presented to the subjects. The cochlear microphonics (CMs) and compound action potentials (CAPs) were recorded when the clicking sound was presented, while trans-tympanic membrane laser stimulation induced only CAPs. In subsequent experiments, continuous pulsed laser irradiation for 60 minutes did not cause any observable damage on cochlear response and a tympanic membrane. Therefore, trans-tympanic membrane laser stimulation bypasses the need for hair cell depolarization and creates cochlear nerves responses directly, suggesting that a novel hearing aid using an infrared laser could compensate for sensorial hearing loss.
关键词： Auditory prosthesis,infrared laser,noninvasiveness,cochlear implant
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Effects of object-to-detector distance and beam energy on synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging of implanted cochleae
摘要： Objectives: To demonstrate that synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging (SR-PCI) can be used to visualize the intrascalar structures in implanted human cochleae and to find the optimal combination of the parameters object-to-detector distance (ODD) and beam energy (E) for visualization. Materials and Methods: Three cadaveric implanted human temporal bones underwent SR-PCI with varying combinations of parameters ODD (3, 2 and 1 m) and E (47, 60 and 72 keV). All images were then reconstructed to a three-dimensional (3D) stack of slices. The acquired 3D images were compared using contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) of the basilar membrane (CNRBM) and the electrode array (CNRE) and the standard deviation of the beam streaks (σS). Postprocessing calculations were performed using Matlab (Version 2017b, MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, U.S.A.) with a standard significance level p < 0.05 to determine the most optimal combination of parameters. Results: SR-PCI with computed tomography reconstruction provided good visualization of the anatomical features of the implanted cochleae, specifically the exact location of the electrode with respect to the BM. A single-factor ANOVA revealed a significant difference of variance for both CNRE and CNRBM, but failed to show significance for σS. A two-sample t-test failed to show any significant difference between CNRE columns of (3 m, 72 keV) and (2 m, 60 keV). The CNRBM was significantly different only at two pairs of columns, when (1 m, 72 keV) was compared against (2 m, 72 keV) and (3 m, 72 keV). Conclusions: The results of this study show that SR-PCI is a viable method to visualize implanted human cochleae. SR-PCI is less invasive, less labour intensive and is associated with a much lower acquisition time compared to other methods for postimplantation imaging in humans, such as histological sectioning. We found that the optimal combination of E and ODD parameters was 72 keV and 2 m, respectively. These parameters resulted in high-contrast images of the electrode as well as all internal structures of the cochleae.
关键词： Cochlear implant,phase-contrast imaging,image segmentation,synchrotron radiation
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36