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Promising Hybrid Graphene-Silver Nanowire Composite Electrode for Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
摘要： Thanks to its high transparency, high carrier mobility, and thermal conductivity, graphene is often used as transparent conductive electrode (TCE) in optoelectronic devices. However, the low carrier concentration and high resistance caused by vacancy defects, grain boundaries, and superposed folds in typical graphene films limit its application. In this study, we propose a method to increase both the conductivity and carrier concentration in single-layer graphene (SLG) by blending it with silver nanowires (AgNWs). AgNWs provide connections between grain boundaries of graphene to improve charge-carrier transport. The AgNWs in this study can reduce the resistance of SLG from 650 Ω/? to 27 Ω/? yet still maintain a transmittance of 86.7% (at 550 nm). Flexible organic light-emitting diode, with a maximum 15000 cd m?2 luminance was successfully fabricated using such graphene and AgNWs composite transparent electrodes.
关键词： Silver nanowires,Graphene,Transparent conductive electrode,Optoelectronic devices,Flexible OLED
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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3D Printing of Highly Conductive Silver Architectures Enabled to Sinter at Low Temperatures
摘要： Silver (Ag) nanoparticle-based inks are frequently used in printed electronics to form conductive patterns, but often require high-temperature sintering to achieve the optimum electrical conductivity, hindering their use in substrates with poor heat resistance. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) printing strategy to produce highly conductive Ag 3D architectures that can be sintered at low temperatures is reported. This strategy is based on the additive deposition of Ag nanoparticles and microflakes via extrusion-based 3D printing with the Ag ink that involves poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-stabilized Ag nanoparticles, Ag microflakes, and NaCl - a destabilizing agent. The designed Ag inks are stable and suitable for ink-extrusion 3D printing. In chemical sintering, Cl- can detach PAA from the Ag nanoparticle surface, enabling nanoparticle coalescence and sintering. An elevated annealing temperature induces increased NaCl density in the printed patterns and accelerates the surface and grain boundary diffusion of Ag atoms, contributing to enhance chemical sintering. On annealing at ~110 °C for 30 min, the printed structures exhibited an electrical conductivity of ~9.72 × 104 S cm–1, which is ~15.6% of that of bulk Ag. Complicated Ag architectures with diverse shapes were successfully fabricated on polymeric substrates. Several structural electronic applications were demonstrated by hybrid 3D printing combining our extrusion-based 3D printing and conventional fused deposition modeling (FDM).
关键词： Conductive inks,3D printing,3D printed electronics,Low temperature,Silver 3D architecture,Chemical sintering
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Stable iodide doping induced by photonic curing for carbon nanotube transparent conductive films
摘要： Doping has become crucial for achieving stable and high-performance conductive transparent carbon nanotube (CNT) ?lms. In this study, we systematically investigate the doping e?ects of a few materials including alkali metal iodides, nonmetal iodide, and metals. We demonstrate that photonic curing can enhance the doping e?ects, and correspondingly improve the conductivity of CNT ?lms, and that such iodides have better doping e?ects than metals. In particular, doping with a nonmetal compound (NH4I) shows the largest potential to improve the conductivity of CNT ?lms. Typically, doping with metal iodides reduces the sheet resistance (RS) of CNT ?lms with 70–80% optical transmittances at λ = 550 nm from 600–2400 to 250–440 Ω/square, whereas doping with NH4I reduces RS to 57 and 84 Ω/square at 74 and 84% optical transmittances, respectively. Interestingly, such a doped CNT ?lm exhibits only a slight increase in sheet resistance under an extreme environment of high temperature (85 °C) and high relative humidity (85%) for 350 h. The results suggest that photonic-curing-induced iodide doping is a promising approach to producing high-performance conductive transparent CNT ?lms.
关键词： transparent conductive ?lms,doping,iodide,carbon nanotube,photonic curing
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Corneal Refractive Procedures for the Treatment of Presbyopia
摘要： Purpose: Refractive surgery has been in use for a long time and is evolving at a fast pace with several new corneal procedures being used for the correction of presbyopia. The purpose of this article is to give a comprehensive review of the literature to evaluate the outcome and success of different corneal refractive surgical procedures in presbyopic patients. Methods: We performed a comprehensive search on PubMed to identify published reports of the various procedures utilized in the past and present to correct presbyopia. The outcomes of these procedures were recorded. Results and conclusion: We found that varying rates of success have been reported with these procedures. The results of our exhaustive search are presented in this report for review.
关键词： PresbyLASIK,Corneal Inlays,LASIK,Presbyopia,INTRACOR,Conductive Keratoplasty
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Silver Nanorings: New generation of Transparent Conductive Films
摘要： Low-cost and high yield silver nanorings with the uniform ring diameter of 15±5 μm and thickness of 120±20 nm were synthesized via a simple solvothermal method. As we know, it is the first time that solvothermal method is used to prepare silver nanorings. Herein, by using ammonium salts as additive salts in the presence of pressure inside the reactor, the repeatability and yield of nanorings extremely increased. The prepared silver nanorings easily dispersed in ethanol and coated by spray method on PET substrate to make flexible transparent conductive films (TCF). The film based on nanorings was shown better opto-electrical properties (higher transparency with lower haze) in comparison with nanowires with higher aspect ratio and lower thickness, at the same sheet resistance (Rs). These results introduce silver nanorings as an outstanding candidate for optoelectronics applications.
关键词： Metal Nanoring,Transparent conductive film,Tetrapropylammonium salts,Solvothermal method,Spray coating
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Plastics Get Flexible for Electronics
摘要： Integrated circuitry, “wraparound” electronics, and other conductive applications are being made possible using plastics. Whether plastics are in electronics—or even are the electronics—in consumer and industrial applications, novel conductive polymers and processing methods are helping 21st-century plastics engineers realize new performance and aesthetics benchmarks. In particular, the skyrocketing popularity of portable, personal, or more visually pleasing electronics is driving industry innovation across the board—from flexible electronics used in wearable, automotive, or appliance displays, to high-impact plastics for protecting sensitive electronics on the go. Conductive inks for in-mold use and polymers modified with conductive metal nanoparticles are also spurring searches for commercial uses of novel materials.
关键词： conductive polymers,flexible electronics,automotive displays,plastics,wearable electronics,in-mold electronic inks
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Electrical and optical properties of metal-sandwiched ZnO/Ti/Cu/Ti/ZnO transparent conductive thin film
摘要： Metal-sandwiched zinc oxide (ZnO)/titanium (Ti)/copper (Cu)/Ti/ZnO thin film systems were fabricated using magnetron sputtering technology and then annealed using a rapid thermal annealing system at temperatures from 100 to 400°C. The influence of the Ti film thicknesses and annealing temperatures on the surface morphologies, sheet resistance and optical properties were studied. The surface morphologies change a little with the annealing temperature rises. The sheet resistances reduce with the Ti film thickness or annealing temperature increasing. Both the max transmittance and figure of merit reduce with the increase of Ti film thickness. The max transmittance increases with the temperature increasing from 100 to 300°C and then reduces. However, the figure of merit increases with the temperature increasing which indicates that the metal-sandwiched ZnO/Ti/Cu/Ti/ZnO thin film system annealed at 400°C has the optimal performance.
关键词： ZnO,optical properties,annealing,magnetron sputtering,Cu,electrical properties,transparent conductive thin film,Ti
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Interfacial nanocomposite sensors (sQRS) for the core monitoring of polymer composites’ fatigue and damage analysis
摘要： The quick development of the smart factory and prognostic and health management (PHM), in the fields of aeronautic, automotive and green energies, is evidencing a need for sensors able to monitor the behavior of composite materials all along their life at the closest of the matter. In situ fabricated conductive polymer nanocomposite (CPC) sensors are bringing an interesting solution to this prospect as they can be integrated homogeneously in the core of composites to probe their deformations and damage. In particular fatigue which is one important mode of failure of polymer composites can be monitored from early signs of damage until the final breakage by analyzing the piezo-resistive response of quantum resistive strain sensors (sQRS) made of carbon nanotubes. We have developed all these aspects in the paper taking the example of a classical glass fibers/epoxy composite instrumented in its core with two sQRS to monitor its short and long term fatigue behavior.
关键词： damage detection,fatigue,structural health monitoring,Piezo-resistive strain sensors,conductive polymer nanocomposites,carbon nanotubes,polymer composites
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Strategies for Reducing Particle Defects in Ti and TiN Thin-Film Deposition Processes
摘要： Generation of particle defects in semiconductor manufacturing is inevitable, but it has to be minimized to enhance IC yield. There are various causes for the generation of particle defects in different semiconductor manufacturing processes, such as diffusion, thin-film deposition, lithography, etch, and clean. In this work, primary defect generation mechanisms in thin-film deposition processes, such as ALD TiN, RFPVD Ti, and PVD TiN, are discussed. Various strategies, such as periodic clean optimization, on-load clean, idle pasting, periodic pasting optimization, kit life optimization, target burning optimization, and kit hardware selection that reduce the generation of defects in the thin-film deposition processes are presented. This work also discusses hardware-induced surface defect and solutions to reduce them.
关键词： Conductive films,IC manufacturing,Metallic materials,Contamination free manufacturing,Thin films
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018) - Paris, France (2018.7.8-2018.7.13)] 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018) - GRACE: Developing Electrical Characterisation Methods for Future Graphene Electronics
摘要： GRACE — Developing electrical characterisation methods for future graphene electronics is a 2016 Normative Joint Research Project of the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research. The project focuses on the measurement of the electrical properties of graphene. Its objectives are to develop validated measurement methods and protocols, including fast-throughput examples. The work is performed in collaboration with international standardisation committees, with an aim to initiate and develop dedicated documentary standards.
关键词： Conductive films,Standardization,Metrology,Electric variables,Graphene,Electronics industry
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36