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Cytotoxicity assays to evaluate tannery effluents treated by photoelectrooxidation
摘要： The advanced oxidation process (AOP) is used to increase the treatment efficiency of effluents however, it is necessary to compare the toxicity of treated and untreated effluents to evaluate if the decontamination process does not cause any biological harm. Cultured cells have been previously used to assess the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of various compounds. Hence, the aim of this work was to assess the applicability of cytotoxicity assays to evaluate the toxicity related to the AOP treatment. Samples of an industrial effluent were collected after their treatment by a conventional method. Cytotoxicity of standard and AOP treated effluents was assessed in CRIB and HEp-2 cell line using the MTT and neutral red assays. We observed decrease at cell viability in the both assays (50% MTT and 13% NRU) when cells were exposed to the AOP treatment in the highest concentration. Thus, cytotoxic assays in cultured cells can be explored as an useful method to evaluate toxicity as well as to optimize effluents treatment process.
关键词： cell culture,effluent,photoelectrooxidation,tannery,cytotoxicity
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Synthesis of water soluble silicon phthacyanine, naphthalocyanine bearing pyridine groups and investigation of their DNA interaction, topoisomerase inhibition, cytotoxic effects and cell cycle arrest properties
摘要： In this work, axially [3,5-bis(3-pyridin-4-ylpropoxy)phenyl]methoxy groups substituted silicon (IV) phthalocyanine 2, napthalocyanine 3 and their water soluble derivatives 2a, 3a were synthesized and DNA interaction, topoisomerases inhibitory properties, cytotoxicity against five carcinoma cell lines of water soluble derivatives were examined. The calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) binding properties of 2a and 3a were monitored using UV-Vis spectroscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the compounds interacted to CT-DNA via intercalation with Kb values of 3.94 ± (0.15) ×106 and 1.08 ± (0.10) ×105 M-1. In DNA cleavage studies, the compounds cleaved to supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA significantly with irradiation as compared to without irradiation. The results of topoisomerases studies claimed that both compounds had inhibitory effects against topoisomerases. In the cytotoxicity studies, the CC50 values of the compounds were found in range of 2.15-52.97 μM against to five carcinoma cell lines. The SI values of 3a were found as 4.51, 1.43 and 3.66 against A549, BT20 and SK-MEL 128 cell lines. The cell cycle arrest was investigated against A549 cells by flow cytometry and obtained results indicated that both compounds induce cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. All of obtained results demonstrated that 3a had lead anticancer agent toward lung, breast and melanoma due to its high selectivity to cancer cell lines.
关键词： Water solubility,Cytotoxicity,Topoisomerases.,DNA,Phthalocyanine,Cell cycle arrest
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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The impact of photocatalytic Ag/TiO2 and Ag/N-TiO2 nanoparticles on human keratinocytes and epithelial lung cells
摘要： The potential human health risks following the exposure to inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) is a very important issue for their application in leather finishing industry. The aim of our study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of silver (Ag)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs on human cells. Photocatalytic NPs were prepared by electrochemical deposition of Ag on the surface of TiO2 and nitrogen (N)-TiO2 NPs and, subsequently, physico-chemical characterized. Then, a set of experiments have been performed to study the cytotoxicity and cell death mechanisms involved, the changes in cell morphology and the production of ROS induced in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human lung epithelial cells (A549) by exposure to NPs. Moreover, the changes in major signaling pathways and the inflammatory response induced by Ag/N-TiO2 NPs in A549 cells were investigated. The data showed that cell death by late apoptosis/necrosis is induced in cells as function of the dose and the type of NPs and is characterized by morphological changes and cytoskeletal disorganization and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The exposure of A549 cells to Ag/N-TiO2 NPs determine the activation of ERK1/2 MAP-kinase pathway and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators CXCL1, GM-CSF and MIF, known to be involved in the recruitment of circulating neutrophils and monocytes. In conclusion, due to its cyto-friendly properties as compared to Ag/TiO2 NPs, we consider Ag/N-TiO2 NPs suitable for leather surface finishing with some caution regarding the limit of dose handled, that has to be below 0.5 mg/ml.
关键词： Ag/N-TiO2,nanoparticles,intracellular signalling,Ag/TiO2,cytotoxicity,cytokines
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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A novel aspect of functionalized graphene quantum dots in cytotoxicity studies
摘要： Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) represent a new generation of graphene-based nanomaterials with enormous potential for use and development of a variety of biomedical applications. However, up to now little studies have investigated the impact of GQDs on human health in case of exposure. GQDs were synthesized from citric acid as carbon precursor by hydrothermal treatment at 160 °C for 4 h. The synthesized GQDs showed strong blue emission under UV-Irradiation with fluorescence quantum yield of 9.8%. The obtained GQDs were further functionalized by nitric acid vapor method. Nitrogen carbonized, activated and adsorption/desorption isotherms were used to analyze the surface area and porous structures of GQDs. The results revealed that compared to GQDs, the specific surface area of functionalized graphene quantum dots (fGQDs) has been increased from 0.0667 to 2.5747 m2/g and pore structures have been enhanced significantly. The potential cytotoxic effect of GQDs, fGQDs and GO suspensions was evaluated on HFF cell line using MTT assays and flow cytometry method after 24 h incubation. We have for the first time demonstrated that by carbonization, activation and functionalization of GQDs they still showed cytocompatible properties. We observed excellent biocompatibility of GQDs and fGQDs at low concentrations. Moreover, the results suggested that modification of GQDs yields product suspensions with high surface area, enhanced pore volume and loading capacities. Thus, fGQDs represent an attractive candidate for further use in drug delivery systems and bio-imaging application.
关键词： Graphene quantum dot,Biocompatibility,Cytotoxicity,Flow cytometry,Functionalized graphene quantum dot
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A Multiparametric Evaluation of Quantum Dot Size and Surface-Grafted Peptide Density on Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity
摘要： Despite the progress in nanotechnology for biomedical applications, great efforts are still being employed in optimizing nanoparticle (NP) design parameters to improve functionality and minimize bionanotoxicity. In this study, we developed CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell quantum dots (QDs) that are compact ligand-coated and surface-functionalized with an HIV-1-derived TAT cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) analog to improve both biocompatibility and cellular uptake. Multiparametric studies were performed in different mammalian and murine cell lines to compare the effects of varying QD size and number of surface CPPs on cellular uptake, viability, generation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial health, cell area, and autophagy. Our results showed that the number of cell-associated NPs and their respective toxicity are higher for the larger QDs. Meanwhile, increasing the number of surface CPPs also enhanced cellular uptake and induced cytotoxicity through the generation of mitoROS and autophagy. Thus, here we report the optimal size and surface CPP combinations for improved QD cellular uptake.
关键词： cellular uptake,mitochondrial health,cytotoxicity,biomedical applications,reactive oxygen species,nanotechnology,autophagy,quantum dots
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Biofabrication of size-controlled ZnO nanoparticles using various capping agents and their cytotoxic and antitermite activity
摘要： Herein, monodisperse Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have been fabricated by green adeptness with and without using capping agents. The different capping agents used include Syzygium cumini leaves extract, starch and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The UV/Vis analysis showed an exciton absorption band in the range of 370–385 nm for all NPs. The SEM analysis showed that average particle size of all ZnO NPs was consistent with that which was calculated by using the Debye-Scherrer equation also by using effective mass model approach. The XRD analysis has confirmed their crystalline nature and monodisperse size distribution. The Photoluminescence spectrum (PL) indicated the presence of surface defects on ZnO nanoparticles, which are the driving force in the efficient photocatalysis of brilliant green dye showing 89.33% degradation efficiency after 2 h. The plant-mediated ZnO NPs were an efficient antimicrobial agent against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, A.baumannii and K. pneumoniae strains; however, all including P. chrysogenum, A. niger, T. citrinoviride, A. fumigatus were resistant to ZnO NPs at all concentrations. Furthermore, they showed a strong antitermite activity against Heterotermes indicola workers and soldiers with a 100% mortality rate in 24 h.
关键词： antitermite activity,Photocatalysis,ZnO nanoparticles,cytotoxicity,capping agents
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Effect of surface ligands with different terminal group on the optical stability and cytotoxicity of CuInS <sub/>2</sub> /ZnS quantum dots with the crystal structure of sphalerite
摘要： A novel method for preparing CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots (CuInS2/ZnS QDs) with the crystal structure of sphalerite by one-pot hot injection was developed in this paper. The as-prepared core CuInS2 quantum dots (CuInS2 QDs) was uniform spherical nanoparticle with the average diameter of about 2 nm with the ?uorescent quantum yields (QY) of about 2.6%. By capping a shell of ZnS on the surface of CuInS2 QDs, the formed CuInS2/ZnS QDs exhibited obvious enhanced ?uorescent emission with the QY of about 20%. Intriguingly, the crystal structure of obtained CuInS2/ZnS QDs is sphalerite, which was con?rmed by XRD. Considering the different terminal group between these small organic molecules, mercaptoacetic acid (TGA), thioglycerol (TGC) and mercaptoethylamine (MEA) were further selected as capping molecules to exchange the surface ligands of CuInS2/ZnS QDs. The obtained CuInS2/ZnS QDs modi?ed with TGC exhibited excellent photostability in physiological conditions. To investigate the effect of ligand molecules on the biocompatible of CuInS2/ZnS QDs, the experiment on the cytotoxicity of CuInS2/ZnS QDs to A549 cells were conducted. The results indicated that CuInS2/ZnS QDs capped with TGC showed the lowest cytotoxicity while CuInS2/ZnS QDs capped with MEA exhibited the highest cytotoxicity among the three types of CuInS2/ZnS QDs modi?ed with ligands with different terminal group. These results provided a sight on how to select surface ligands to modify CuInS2/ZnS QDs when CuInS2/ZnS QDs will apply in biological ?elds.
关键词： sphalerite,photostability,CuInS2/ZnS QDs,cytotoxicity,surface ligands
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Hydrogel-embedded gold nanorods activated by plasmonic photothermy with potent antimicrobial activity
摘要： Plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) has been used as an alternative to chemotherapy for the elimination of resistant microorganisms; however, its in situ evaluation has not been well studied. In the present study, we assessed the antimicrobial activity of a chitosan-based hydrogel embedded with gold nanorods (Ch/AuNRs) using a low power infrared diode laser. The antibacterial activity was measured in both Gram-positive and –negative strains, including clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The cytotoxic effect, cellular proliferation, and the expression of the pro-inflammatory (IL-6 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines were quantified in a murine model of macrophages. Results showed a potent antimicrobial activity of the Ch/AuNRs with MICs ≤4 μg/mL, very low cytotoxicity with cell viability above 80%, and the macrophage proliferation was not affected for a period of 48 h. These results suggest that our Ch/AuNR-embedded hydrogel could be an option to locally control chronic nosocomial infections using PPTT.
关键词： inflammation,multidrug resistant,antifungal,photothermal therapy,gold nanorod,cytotoxicity,chitosan,antibacterial
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Revisiting the cytotoxicity of quantum dots: an in-depth overview
摘要： Recently, medical research has been shifting its focus to nanomedicine and nanotherapeutics in the pursuit of drug development research. Quantum dots (QDs) are a critical class of nanomaterials due to their unique properties, which include optical, electronic, and engineered biocompatibility in physiological environments. These properties have made QDs an attractive biomedical resource such that they have found application as both in vitro labeling and in vivo theranostic (therapy-diagnostic) agents. Considerable research has been conducted exploring the suitability of QDs in theranostic applications, but the cytotoxicity of QDs remains an obstacle. Several types of QDs have been investigated over the past decades, which may be suitable for use in biomedical applications if the barrier of cytotoxicity can be resolved. This review attempts to report and analyze the cytotoxicity of the major QDs along with relevant related aspects.
关键词： Theranostic agents,Quantum dots,Biocompatibility,Cytotoxicity,Biomedical applications
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Laser-ablation-synthesized nanoparticles and animal cell lines studies
摘要： Nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by laser ablation in distilled water were used to study their biological effect on normal and cancer cells. Parameters such as cell morphology, cell proliferation and viability were examined for treated cell lines, and the effect was represented in terms of cells cytotoxicity using standard procedures. The study reveals the higher cytotoxic effect of nanoparticles on cancerous cells of breast, melanoma and colon origin compared to normal fibroblast cells NIH-3T3. Furthermore, DNA fragmentation assay results demonstrated the apoptosis mediated cell death in nanoparticle-treated cancer cells. The distinct role of nanoparticles in normal and cancer cells of different origin showed that nanoparticles were specific to cause cytotoxicity in particular cancer cells type. NPs exhibit cytotoxic effects in cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. These studies provide fundamental evidence for the easy, simple and safe mode of nanoparticles synthesis and their application in cancer cells death.
关键词： nanoparticles,Cancer cells,cytotoxicity,laser ablation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22