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[IEEE 2018 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC-Niigata 2018 –ECCE Asia) - Niigata, Japan (2018.5.20-2018.5.24)] 2018 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC-Niigata 2018 -ECCE Asia) - DC powered data center with 200 kW PV panels
摘要： Power consumption of ICT facilities and data centers has grown, and this has led to a need to improve energy efficiency of these facilities. DC power distribution systems employing 380VDC as the supply voltage is one promising approach to address this problem for countries around the world developing and deploying commercial services. The international team by the university of Texas, Austin, USA and NTT FACILITIEIS, Japan demonstrated a 380VDC power distribution system interconnected with a solar power generation system in Texas, USA. The purpose of this demonstration was to show that a 380VDC power supply system saves more energy than an AC power supply system, and to show how much carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced by integrating a solar power generation system. This demonstration resulted in an approximate 17% energy reduction compared with an AC power supply system having the same level of reliability. Also, an evaluation using Data center Performance Per Energy (DPPE) as a performance index of the efficiency of data centers was carried out. The results showed that Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE), one of the sub-metrics of DPPE, improved with the 380VDC power supply system compared with the AC power supply system.
关键词： 380 VDC,Lithium Ion Battery,PV panel,Data center
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[ASME ASME 2018 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems - San Francisco, California, USA (Monday 27 August 2018)] ASME 2018 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems - Improving Energy Efficiency in Data Centers by Controlling Task Distribution and Cooling
摘要： The rapid growth in cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), and data processing via Machine Learning (ML), have greatly increased our need for computing resources. Given this rapid growth, it is expected that data centers will consume more and more of our global energy supply. Improving their energy efficiency is therefore crucial. One of the biggest sources of energy consumption is the energy required to cool the data centers, and ensure that the servers stay within their intended operating temperature range. Indeed, about 40% of a data center’s total power consumption is for air conditioning[1]. Here, we study how the server air inlet and outlet, as well as the CPU, temperatures depend upon server loads typical of real Internet Protocol (IP) traces. The trace data used here are from Google clusters and include the times, job and task ID, as well as the number and usage of CPU cores. The resulting IT loads are distributed using standard load-balancing methods such as Round Robin (RR) and the CPU utilization method. Experiments are conducted in the Data Center Laboratory (DCL) at the Georgia Institute of Technology to monitor the server outlet air temperature, as well as real-time CPU temperatures for servers at different heights within the rack. Server temperatures were measured by on-line temperature monitoring with Xbee, Raspberry PI, Arduino, and hot-wire anemometers. Given that the temperature response varies with server position, in part due to spatial variations in the cooling airflow over the rack inlet and the server fan speeds, a new load-balancing approach for spatially varying that accounts temperature response within a rack is tested and validated in this paper.
关键词： Wireless Sensor System,Load Balancing,Data Center
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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FSCOI: A High Fan-out, Scalable, and Cluster-based Optical Interconnect for Data Center Networks
摘要： In this letter, a high fan-out, scalable, and cluster-based optical interconnect (FSCOI) for data center networks is proposed. FSCOI is consisted of an optical switch and clusters. Compared to OSA, the improved fan-out of FSCOI is achieved by two steps. The first is a coupler for sending can multiplex the optical signals from all top-of-rack (ToR) switches that are within a cluster. The second is a wavelength selective switch for receiving can talk to all ToR switches within the cluster. FSCOI is based on cluster, and it is suited to intra-cluster traffic. In addition, the high scalability is achieved by increasing the port usage efficiency of the optical switch. Its performance is evaluated by simulations. Extensive results demonstrate FSCOI has better performance in comparison to OSA.
关键词： cluster,data center networks,scalability,optical interconnect,fan-out
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Effectively Reconfigure the Optical Circuit Switching Layer Topology in Data Center Network by OCBridge
摘要： All optical or hybrid electrical/optical switching data center network (DCN) architectures are capable of adapting the optical-layer topology to various network traffic demands based on the flexibility of optical switching technology. The topology reconfiguration strategies in previous research simply attempt to reconfigure optical circuit switching (OCS) links to offload heavier rack-to-rack traffic. However, due to the complex multi-layer interconnections and the various network traffic patterns in DCNs, the OCS links will not only offload the network traffic between its source and destination racks, but also forward the network traffic which belongs to the adjacent racks of the source and destinations racks. Previous strategies ignore the forwarding traffic and result in sub-optimal solutions. In order to overcome the shortcomings of previous methods and make full use of the OCS link resources in DCNs, an effective topology reconfiguration strategy named optical circuit bridge (OCBridge) has been proposed in our recent work. The main idea of our OCBridge is to take into account the traffic demands between the source and destination regions of each OCS link. In this paper, we first review our OCBridge, and then in simulation, we evaluate the performance of our OCBridge by testing it in two typical OCS-based DCNs including OpenScale and Helios. Under our OCBridge, we analyse the outstanding network throughput performance of the DCNs and investigate the communication distance of traffic demands. Finally in experiment, we deploy our OCBridge to a small prototype of OpenScale and verify that our OCBridge is capable of accelerating the distributed computing applications compared with previous topology reconfiguration strategies.
关键词： Topology reconfiguration,Optical circuit switching,Data center network,Distributed computing
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Advanced Digital Signal Processing for Reach Extension and Performance Enhancement of 112Gbps and beyond Direct Detected DML-Based Transmission
摘要： 112Gbps per wavelength, amplification free (PAM-4) Four-level Pulse Amplitude Modulation transmissions are experimentally demonstrated with advanced digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms. Two DSP architectures are investigated for Directly Modulated Lasers (DMLs): (1) the regular DSP with Feed Forward Equalization (FFE) and Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE), and (2) the enhanced DSP with Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE) equalizer. The experimental results show that with advanced DSP technologies the conventional DML can achieve 40km transmissions with Bit Error Rate (BER) under 2.4×10-4 that meets RS (544, 514) Forward Error Correction (FEC) requirement; with regular-DSP the advanced DML can achieve 40km transmissions with BER under 3.8×10-3, with stronger FEC. 112Gbps and beyond per lambda DML based transmission is a promising low power, low-cost solution for 800GbE or 1.6TbE Ethernet.
关键词： directly modulated laser (DML),semiconductor laser,fiber optics communications,Data center interconnections,digital signal processing
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Time-aware Software Defined Networking for OpenFlow-based Datacenter Optical Networks
摘要： Data center networks are considered to make use of the computing and storage resources in data centers, which include intra-datacenter and inter-datacenter networks. Both of them will depend on the optical networking due to its advantages, such as low latency, high bandwidth, and low energy consumption. Data center interconnected by flexi-grid optical networks is a promising scenario to allocate spectral resources for applications in a dynamic, tunable and efficient control manner. Due to the high burstiness and high-bandwidth characteristics of the services, optical interconnect in intra-datacenter networks has attracted much attention compared with inter-datacenter network. Many datacenter applications in the environment require lower delay and higher availability with the end-to-end guaranteed quality of service. In this paper, we propose a novel time-aware software defined networking (TaSDN) architecture for OpenFlow-based datacenter optical networks, by introducing a time-aware service scheduling (TaSS) strategy. TaSDN can arrange and accommodate the applications with required QoS considering the time factor, and enhance the responsiveness to quickly provide for datacenter demand. The overall feasibility and efficiency of the proposed architecture are experimentally verified on our testbed with OpenFlow-based intra-datacenter and inter-datacenter optical networks.
关键词： time-aware,software defined network,OpenFlow,optical interconnect,data center network,flexi-grid optical network
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14