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Comparative study on stability of boron doped diamond coated titanium and niobium electrodes
摘要： The service life of boron doped diamond (BDD) coated electrodes is closely related to the substrate material and preparation process of the BDD coatings. In this paper, the failure process of BDD coated titanium (Ti/BDD) and niobium (Nb/BDD) electrodes prepared by arc plasma chemical vapor deposition method was comparatively studied by accelerated life test. The results showed that the main failure mechanism of the two types of electrodes is delamination of the BDD coatings, accompanied by coatings’ corrosion. The delamination of BDD coatings from both the substrates showed an incubation period, with the Ti/BDD electrode having a much shorter incubation period and a higher coating delamination rate than its Nb/BDD counterpart. By comparing growth process of diamond coatings and corrosion behavior of carbides formed on both substrates, it is found that on a Ti substrate, diamond coating is more liable to incorporate pore like defects, and carbide layer formed beneath the diamond coating is more susceptible to corrosion in electrolysis solution. It is believed that these two factors would be responsible for short service life for Ti/BDD electrodes as compared with that for Nb/BDD electrodes.
关键词： BDD electrode,accelerated life test,carbide layer,failure mechanism
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2018 International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference (IFETC) - Ottawa, ON, Canada (2018.8.7-2018.8.9)] 2018 International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference (IFETC) - Carbon Based Electrode for Wearable Biosignal Monitoring Patch
摘要： We fabricated a novel patch type flexible dry electrode for long-term bio signal monitoring by mixing carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in biocompatible-elastomer (MED6015). The CNFs are high conductivity, low price and easy dispersed in elastomer uniformly related with CNTs (Carbon nanotubes). The fabricated CNFs electrodes are coated with sticky elastomer (MG7-9850) to attach on skins without any other adhesive. The mixing ratio of CNFs and elastomer is diverse to compare electrical and mechanical characteristics. ECG (Electrocardiography) signal quality, sweat effects and motion effects are evaluated and the fabricated electrode was shown good quality of signals and tolerant from both effects. Also the electrode was shown to be biocompatible from biocompatibility test. These electrodes could be used for the long-term measurement of bio potential monitoring and wearable devices.
关键词： wearable device,flexible,patch type,dry electrode,CNFs
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Effects of different annealing processes on optoelectronic and bending fatigue properties of AgZr and ITO/AgZr thin film metallic glass
摘要： Transparent conducting oxide (TCO) films are widely used throughout the optoelectronics industry. The present study explores the optoelectronic responses of AgZr (AZ) and ITO/AgZr (IAZ) thin film metallic glasses (TFMGs) with different Ag and Zr compositions and processed by two different annealing methods, namely furnace annealing (FA) and laser annealing (LA). Among the various as-deposited AZ and IAZ films, the ITO/Ag66Zr34 (IA6Z) film has the highest optical transmittance (55.7%) and the lowest sheet resistance (145.8 Ω/□). For the FA samples, an annealing temperature of 300 °C results in the optimal optoelectronic properties, namely a transmittance of 68.4% and a sheet resistance of 47.2 Ω/□. For the LA samples, the optimal processing conditions (a pulse energy of 2.5 μJ and a repetition rate of 150 kHz) yield optical transmittance and sheet resistance values of 64.0% and 17.8 Ω/□ respectively. The optimal LA processing conditions increase the Haacke figure of merit of the IA6Z sample from 2.0 × 10?5 under the as-deposited condition to 6.5 × 10?4 Ω?1 under the annealed condition; corresponding to a 32.5-fold improvement. Finally, the relative change in resistivity (ΔR/R0, where R0 is the initial resistivity, Ri is the measured resistivity after a certain number of cycles, and ΔR is Ri - R0) of the as-deposited IA6Z sample following fatigue testing (10,000 cycles) with a bend radius of 7 mm (ΔR/R0 = 0.49) is significantly lower than that of a pure ITO film of roughly equivalent thickness (ΔR/R0 = 0.93).
关键词： Laser annealing,Bi-layered electrode,Furnace annealing,Thin film metallic glass
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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The Impact of the electrode performance on the Endurance Properties of the Phase Change Memory Device
摘要： The cycle operation was performed on 1325 phase change memory (PCM) cells, and 4% of these cells couldn't be RESET to high-resistance state after 106 cycles. The grown grains have been found in the TEM images, and the heating electrode (HEC) has laterally diffused. The EDS profiles of HEC expound that Si and O elements has both multiplied. Thus the HEC resistance has increased, resulting in insufficient RESET current. According to measurement, the HEC resistance increased from 4.6 KΩ to 7.2 KΩ after 106 cycles, which would decrease the RESET current from 0.7 mA to 0.45 mA. Compared the endurance characteristics of HEC and PCM device, the PCM device, with an increased HEC resistance, cannot be fully operated. When the HEC resistance is large enough to reduce the RESET current to 0.55 mA, the PCM device would be stuck to set.
关键词： SET_Stuck,endurance,electrode,Phase change memory
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Qualitative Identification of the Static Pull-In and Fundamental Frequency of One-Electrode MEMS Resonators
摘要： This paper attempts to qualitatively identify the static pull-in position, pull-in voltage, and fundamental frequency of one-electrode microresonators from a physical perspective. During theoretical derivation, a generalized one-degree-of-freedom (1-DOF) model in nondimensional form derived using the differential quadrature method (DQM) is first introduced and then transformed for frequency normalization. Based on the deduced formulas, the upper and lower bounds of the static pull-in position and pull-in voltage are both deduced through mathematical proof. To distinguish the monotonic and nonmonotonic behavior of the fundamental frequency versus direct current (DC) voltage, a critical condition decided only by cubic stiffness is then determined. For the first time, two extreme static positions, as well as the corresponding fundamental frequencies and DC voltages to identify different frequency behaviors are derived, and their variations versus cubic stiffness are then discussed and verified. During the simulation process, a high-order DQM and COMSOL 2D model are both applied for numerical analyses. Guided by nondimensional results, typical behaviors with specific physical parameters are examined in detail. Results demonstrate that the curve tendencies between all the qualitative results and quantitative numerical simulations in dimensional form agree well with each other, implying the possibility of using 1-DOF model to qualitatively discuss physical parameters effects on the system statics and dynamics.
关键词： static pull-in,one-electrode,resonator,fundamental frequency,MEMS
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Determination of dopamine using the indium tin oxide electrode modified with direct electrodeposition of gold–platinum nanoparticles
摘要： Gold–platinum (Au–Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) with a ratio of 3:1 solution of chloride salts in the starting electrolyte were deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO) surface, using a direct electrochemical method, by 40 successive cyclic voltammetry (CV) scans to obtain AuPtNPs/ITO electrode. The deposited nanoparticles were defined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical methods. The nanoparticles size of electrodeposited was ~ 30 nm based on SEM results. The efficacy of number of CV scans in the electrodeposition of nanoparticles on the size of electrodeposited nanoparticles was tested. The elemental composition of AuPtNPs/ITO electrode was determined by EDX. Electrochemical studies proved that the electrocatalytic activity of prepared electrode is excellent towards the oxidation of dopamine (DP). The concentration range of DP from 400 nM to 350 μM was linear and limit of detection DP was 20 nM. It was shown that the AuPtNPs/ITO electrode can be used as a sensor with high reproducibility, sensitivity, and long term stability. The selectivity of electrode for determination of DP was verified with investigating the effect of substances by potential interference on the response of electrode. AuPtNPs/ITO electrode was used for the determination of DP in injection and real samples, with acceptable results.
关键词： Dopamine,Gold–platinum alloy,Nanoparticles,Indium tin oxide electrode
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Junction Welding Techniques for Metal Nanowire Network Electrodes
摘要： Transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs), which offer advantages of high electrical conductivity and optical transparency, are essential components of practical high-tech optoelectronics such as touch panels, e-papers, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. Solution-processed Ag nanowires (AgNWs) have been considered as a practical alternative TCE material suitable for industrial-scale mass production. However, the contact resistance at AgNW junctions strongly affects the total sheet resistance of AgNW electrodes. In recent years, various welding techniques for AgNW network electrodes have been developed with the aim of decreasing their sheet resistance while maintaining their optical transmittance. In this paper, we present a review of various welding methods such as thermal-mechanical welding, light welding, chemical welding, and metal-plating welding.
关键词： silver nanowire,transparent conductive electrode,welding,sheet resistance,optical transmittance
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Rational design of highly efficient flexible and transparent p-type composite electrode based on single-walled carbon nanotubes
摘要： Transparent electrodes are of great importance in electronics and energy technologies. At present, transparent conductive oxides are mainly n-type conductors dominating the market and have restricted the technological advancements. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have recently emerged as promising p-type transparent conductor owing to their superior hole mobility, conductivity, transparency, flexibility and possibility to tune the work function. Here, we develop a novel rational design of p-type flexible transparent conductive film (TCF) based on SWCNTs combined with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), molybdenum oxide and SWCNT fibers. In a configuration of SWCNTs-MoO3-PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT fibers, we achieved a record equivalent sheet resistance of 17 ?/sq with a transmittance of 90% at 550 nm and a high degree of flexibility. We demonstrate that our solar cells developed on the basis of the proposed electrode and hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) yield an outstanding short-circuit current density of Jsc = 15.03 mA/cm2 and a record power conversion efficiency of PCE = 8.8% for SWCNTs/a-Si:H hybrid solar cells. We anticipate that this novel rationally designed p-type TCF opens a new avenue in widespread energy technologies, where high hole conductivity and transparency of the material are prerequisites for their successful implementation.
关键词： Transparent p-type electrode,flexible,composite,single-walled carbon nanotubes,hybrid thin film solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Pt-TCO free Sn-Ag-Cu ternary alloy as cost effective counter electrode layer for dye sensitized solar cell
摘要： The performance of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is largely dependent on efficient electron reclamation from outer circuit to reduce the oxidized redox shuttle (electrolyte). The current transparent conducting oxide (TCO) glass substrates and platinum (Pt) metal as essential components of counter electrodes though efficient are very expensive which restrict commercialization of this technology. Furthermore, the sluggish catalytic activity of indium tin oxide (ITO) or fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) play no role in electron reclamation. In this study, commercially available cost effective tin-silver-copper (Sn-Ag-Cu) ternary composite past has been investigated as potential replacement for FTO coating and Pt catalyst to work in conjunction with counter electrode of dye sensitized solar cell. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been utilized to examine the morphology of as received paste. Electrochemical analysis such as cyclic voltammetery (CV) and electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS) have been employed to investigate the catalytic activity and electron kinetics respectively. Finally, current-voltage characteristics have been investigated using IVT 2600 solar simulator. The Sn:Ag:Cu composite exhibited remarkable catalytic properties which in turn lead to impressive over all photo energy conversion efficiency. The measured conversion efficiency was 6.78% which is almost 86% equivalent to DSSCs containing Pt has catalyst on FTO.
关键词： composite,copper,DSSC,catalysis,counter electrode,silver
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Co-electrodeposited Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films for P-N junction photovoltaics and dye sensitized solar cells
摘要： Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide (Cu2ZnSnS4/CZTS) thin films were deposited on fluorine/indium doped tin oxide (FTO/ITO) coated glass substrates by one step electrodeposition method followed by annealing in nitrogen gas carrying sulphur vapors for 15 min. Formation of pure Cu2ZnSnS4 phase was confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Surface morphology of the films was analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Optical measurements using UV–visible spectroscopy showed absorption coefficients in the order of 104–105 cm?1 and optical band gap of ～1.48 eV. Simple p-n junctions were formed by electrodepositing CZTS on cadmium sulphide thin films coated over ITO substrates and subsequent annealing. Current-voltage (I–V) characteristics of the junction showed a knee voltage of about 0.9 V indicating that a good open circuit voltage (Voc) can be obtained from a solar cell constructed using this junction. CZTS films deposited on FTO substrates were used as counter electrode (CE) in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) to demonstrate CZTS as a potential substitute to the conventional platinum CE. Performance of the DSSC with CZTS CE was evaluated in comparison to Pt by determining the I-V characteristics under 1 sun illumination. The DSSC showed Voc of 0.77 V, short circuit current density of 1.85 mAcm?2, fill factor of 70.4% and 1% power conversion efficiency.
关键词： Non-hydrazine route,Solar energy material,Counter electrode,P-n junction,Co-electrodeposition,Dye sensitized solar cell
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59