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Suppression of Ag migration by low-temperature sol-gel zinc oxide in the Ag nanowires transparent electrode-based flexible perovskite solar cells
摘要： Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) network is an excellent candidate as flexible transparent electrode applying in flexible perovskite solar cells, owing to their excellent electrical and optical properties. However, several problems including large surface roughness, chemical reaction between Ag and perovskite precursor, and migration of Ag limited the application in high performance perovskite solar cells. Aiming to solve these problems, the composite electrode combining the spray coated Ag nanowires and the low-temperature sol-gel zinc oxide was developed in this work. The optimized concentration and annealing temperature of sol-gel ZnO were 0.45 M and 150°C. The introduction of zinc oxide with suitable concentration caused slight impact on the transmittance and sheet resistant of transparent composite electrode, and promoted mechanical and chemical stability in air relative to the pristine Ag NWs electrode. The use of the composite flexible electrode could decrease the surface roughness of the Ag NWs electrode, passivate the reaction of perovskite and silver electrode, and prevent the migration of Ag. As a consequence, the performance of the flexible device significantly improved from 9.51% to 13.12%. Under the AM 1.5G constant illumination, the optimization device has a remarkably improved stability than pristine device. This study demonstrates that spray Ag NWs as bottom electrode is suitable for flexible perovskite solar cells. Meanwhile, it’s an effective method using sol-gel ZnO to construct composite electrode to promote the device performance and stability.
关键词： Ag nanowire electrode,Ag migration,Flexible perovskite solar cells,Sol-gel ZnO,Bending resistance
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Origin of the Overpotential for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction on a Well-defined Graphene Electrode Probed by in situ Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy
摘要： To develop an efficient material for the cathode of the lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) secondary battery, the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER) on a well-defined graphene monolayer have been investigated in a typical organic solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The adsorption and desorption behaviors of the solvents on the graphene electrode surface were evaluated by an intrinsically surface-selective vibrational spectroscopy of sum frequency generation (SFG) during the ORR and OER. After the initial ORR depositing lithium peroxide (Li2O2) on the graphene electrode surface in a LiClO4/DMSO solution, the SFG spectroscopy revealed that the subsequent OER oxidizing the Li2O2 preferentially proceeds at the interface between the Li2O2 and graphene rather than that between the Li2O2 and bulk solution. Therefore, the OER tends to reduce the electric conductivity between the Li2O2 and graphene by decreasing their contact area before a large part of the deposited Li2O2 was oxidized, which elucidates the origin of the high overpotential for the OER.
关键词： oxygen reduction reaction,lithium-oxygen battery,oxygen evolution reaction,sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy,graphene electrode
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Growth control and defect passivation toward efficient and low-temperature processed carbon based CsPbIBr2 solar cell
摘要： All-inorganic perovskite CsPbIBr2, has drawn much attention for photovoltaic (PV) application due to its excellent intrinsic stability. However, low device performance and high fabrication temperature still hamper its further progress in flexible application. Herein, Zn substitution has been used to improve the nucleation and growth process for low temperature processed a-phase CsPbIBr2 film. Zn incorporated CsPbIBr2 film exhibits good crystallinity, compact surface morphology and depressed defect state. Low temperature (100 and 160°C) processed carbon based CsPbIBr2 solar cells with improved PV performance have been prepared by using Zn incorporation and room deposited electron transport layer (ETL). A champion efficiency over 9% can be achieved through Zn substitution, which is one of the best values reported for the low temperature processed CsPbIBr2 solar cell without using hole transport layer (HTL). Efficiency over 5% can also be achieved for larger area (1 cm2) rigid and flexible CsPbIBr2 solar cells. These results would provide a new route for preparing high-performance and low temperature processed inorganic perovskite solar cell.
关键词： Carbon electrode,CsPbIBr2,Flexible,Solar cell,Low temperature,Inorganic perovskite
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Perovskite solar cells based on the synergy between carbon electrodes and polyethylene glycol additive with excellent stability
摘要： The quality of the photoactive layer gravely affects the characteristics and stabilities of photovoltaic device. Here, by introducing polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the methylammonium lead trihalide (MAPbI3) precursor solution, we fabricate high-quality MAPbI3 perovskite film with high coverage and large grain size. By adjusting the PEG concentration into the perovskite film, the hole-conductor-free mesoporous perovskite solar cell with carbon electrode exhibits a boosted power conversion efficiency of 11.62%, which originates primarily from the enhancements of light absorption and acceleration of carriers transfer. Meanwhile, hygroscopic PEG protects the perovskite film from moisture, which leads to the perovskite film and corresponding device exhibit superior stability. This work confirms a high-efficiency and feasible strategy using polymer materials to enhance the performance in power conversion efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.
关键词： Carbon counter electrode,Hygroscopic polyethylene glycol additive,Perovskite solar cells,High stability,Hole-conductor-free
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Synthesis of a novel MoIn2S4 alloy film as efficient electrocatalyst for dye-sensitized solar cell
摘要： A petal-like MoIn2S4 thin film with excellent performance was synthesized on conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate through the hydrothermal method. The MoIn2S4 thin film with 0.169 g InCl3 exhibited the most excellent electrocatalytic activity and lowest charge transfer resistance of 19.90 Ω cm?1 among the various MoIn2S4 samples in I?/I3? redox couple, which was confirmed through a series of electrochemical investigations. The photoelectric conversion efficiency for the DSSC served the MoIn2S4 thin film as counter electrode achieved 6.51% under 100 mW·cm?2 illumination, which was a little better than that of the DSSC assembled with the Pt (6.39%) electrode. This research demonstrates that the petal-like MoIn2S4 counter electrode with simple preparation process, excellent electrocatalytic activity and efficient photoelectric conversion efficiency is a promising alternative to the conventional Pt electrode in DSSCs.
关键词： MoIn2S4,Efficient conversion efficiency,Counter electrode,Dye-sensitized solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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One-step hydrothermal synthesis of NiCo2S4 loaded on electrospun carbon nanofibers as an efficient counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： Possing excellent catalytic performance about counter electrode (CE) is the prerequisite for obtaining high performance dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Herein, The NiCo2S4/carbon nanofibers (NiCo2S4/CNFs) are successfully synthetised via hydrothermal and electrospinning method, and then directly used in DSSCs. Owing to the synergistic effect between the catalytic of NiCo2S4 materials and the electrical conductivity of CNFs, All chemical measurements reveal that NiCo2S4/CNFs applied in DSSCs exhibit good power conversion efficiency (9.0%) and stability, which surpass that of DSSCs with Pt CE (7.48%), indicating that NiCo2S4/CNFs composite would be helpful for the low-cost and efficient application of DSSCs.
关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cells,Electrospinning technology,Counter electrode,Transition metal sulfides
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Fabrication and performance analysis of a low cost, Pt free counter electrode using carbon coated ZnAl layered double hydroxide (C/ZnAl-LDH) for dye sensitized solar cells
摘要： Carbon based material represents an e?ective substitute for Pt counter electrodes (CEs) in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). This study introduces a novel carbon coated ZnAl layered double hydroxides (C/ZnAl-LDH) can be utilised as an e?ective CE in DSSCs. C/ZnAl-LDH was synthesised by the pyrolysis of ZnAl-LDH using glucose solution. The synthesised C/ZnAl-LDH was characterised using TEM, SEM, XRD and BET analysis. The surface roughness of both Pt and C/ZnAl-LDH ?lms were analysed using AFM spectroscopy. C/ZnAl-LDH slurry was pasted uniformly using doctor blade technique onto FTO glass substrate. The electrochemical measurements such as Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel polarization recommends that C/ZnAl-LDH can be used as a CE due to its good reduction rate of ?I3 comparable with Pt CEs. The photovoltaic parameters were observed to be 0.66 V and 11.97 mA/cm2 for open circuit voltage V(oc) and short circuit current density J(sc) respectively for C/ZnAl-LDH CE. The assembled cell with C/ZnAl LDH CE having power conversion e?ciency (PCE) of 3.18% is comparable to Pt CE having 4.62% which is measured under the similar testing conditions.
关键词： Dye Sensitized Solar Cell,Carbon based material,Counter electrode,Layered double hydroxides,Electrochemical parameters
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Cascade Structured ZnO/TiO2/CdS quantum dot sensitized solar cell
摘要： Cascade structure of ZnO/TiO2/CdS quantum dot sensitized solar cell (QDSSC) using precursor solutions of CdS quantum dots having different concentrations such as 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.5 M and 0.8 M were synthesized on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate, using the successive ionic layer absorption and reaction (SILAR) method. A polysulfide electrolyte was used as a redox mediator. The combination of ZnO/TiO2 used as a photoanode gives the best results and changes the mechanism of the QDSSC. The conventional Pt counter electrode was replaced by a low cost CuS counter electrode. Morphological and structural characterizations were carried out by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) & X-ray diffractometer, respectively. The optical characterizations were carried out by using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. Degree of porosity of prepared quantum dot (QD) sensitizers on TiO2/ZnO surface of different precursor concentrations 48.90%, 45.90%, 44.20% and 42.41% were observed. J-V characteristics and the performance of the prototype solar cell devices were evaluated by using a solar simulator, under illumination with an AM 1.5G spectrum having light intensity of 100 mWcm?2. The highest efficiency was obtained 2.44% at 0.1 M concentration and the lowest was 0.52% at 0.8 M concentration.
关键词： Quantum dot sensitized solar cell,ZnO/TiO2/CdS,Counter electrode
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Preparation of Highly Oriented Porous LiCoO2 Crystal Films via Li-Vapor Crystal Growth Method
摘要： To construct better Li-ion-based batteries, highly oriented porous LiCoO2 crystal film is urgently needed for an active positive electrode. In this study, we prepared such a crystal film via the Li-vapor crystal growth method, which involves a simple reaction between the CoO substrate and Li-vapor. Highly crystalline LiCoO2 particles 2–3 μm in size were grown on the CoO substrate surface with strong relation of their orientation. The <110> and <018>-oriented LiCoO2 particles, which are preferable for Li-ion conduction, were generated on the CoO(110) substrate. On the CoO(111) substrate, LiCoO2 particles were grown with not only the <003> orientation but also the <012> orientation, suggesting that the crystal growth should follow the three-dimensional structure of the CoO and LiCoO2 lattice. Both the prepared LiCoO2 films from the CoO(110) and CoO(111) substrates exhibited stable and superior electrochemical properties for Li-ion battery cycling, indicating that the films will be useful for high-performance Li-ion-based batteries.
关键词： highly oriented porous film,LiCoO2 electrode,Li-vapor crystal growth,Li-ion batteries
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Exact impact response of multi-layered cement-based piezoelectric composite considering electrode effect
摘要： Multi-layered cement-based piezoelectric composites could enable accurate real-time detection of the concrete structure deformation induced by impact load. An analytical method for quantifying the impact response of the multi-layered cement-based piezoelectric composite is established based on the piezo-elasticity, and a general transfer matrix description for the composite with any number of layers is derived. The motion of the composite is decomposed into natural modes according to its physical significance of vibration modes. The mechanical and electrical solutions are obtained via the mode summation method and the virtual work principle. In order to give a clear demonstration, some numerical simulations are conducted to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis. Moreover, the current analytical method considers the electrode as an extra layer and evaluates the effect of its thickness and material on the performance of the multi-layered cement-based piezoelectric composite. It can be seen that the mathematical model presented in this article provides a rigorous tool for the analysis of the multi-layered cement-based piezoelectric composite and therefore could benefit the design of certain types of smart devices under impact load.
关键词： multi-layered cement-based piezoelectric composite,Exact impact response,piezo-elasticity,electrode effect
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01