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Light and pressure sensors based on PVDF with sprayed and transparent electrodes for self-powered wireless sensor nodes
摘要： In this work, we report on the fabrication of light and pressure sensors based on the piezo-and pyro material polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). In addition to the operation as sensors, the presented devices are characterized as energy harvesters. To form an electrical connection to the 39 μm thick PVDF foil, solution-based and transparent electrode (TE) materials such as silver nanowires (AgNWs) and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) are utilized and compared with commercial aluminum electrodes on polymer substrate. We show that the performance with regard to sensitivity and generated output power of the TE-PVDF devices outperforms the one for the aluminum foil devices. For the piezo- and pyroelectric effect, a pressure and light sensitivity of 3.6 mV/Pa and 42 V cm2/W, respectively, are measured. The maximum RMS power for the piezo- and pyro effect yield to 1 μW and 0.42 μW, respectively, for an active PVDF area of 8 cm2. At the end of this contribution, we show that this power suffices to drive an energy autarkic wireless sensor node (WSN) that is capable of measuring and transmitting an analog sensor signal using ultra-low power components. This application contributes substantially to the notion of the internet of things (IoT) since paramount aspects such as wireless technology, embedded electronics, and environmental sensor data together with an ultra-low power management are addressed.
关键词： wireless sensor nodes,PEDOT:PSS,WSN,Internet of Things,IoT,spray deposition,energy harvesting,silver nanowires,transparent electrodes
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Piezoelectric Micro- and Nanostructured Fibers Fabricated from Thermoplastic Nanocomposites Using a Fiber Drawing Technique: Comparative Study and Potential Applications
摘要： We report an all-polymer flexible piezoelectric fiber that uses both judiciously chosen geometry and advanced materials in order to enhance the piezoelectric response. The fiber features a soft hollow microstructured/nanostructured polycarbonate core surrounded with a spiral multilayer cladding consisting of alternating layers of piezoelectric nanocomposites and conductive polymer. Kilometer-long piezoelectric fibers of submillimeter diameters are thermally drawn from macroscopic preforms. The fibers exhibit high output voltage of up to 6V under moderate bending, and they show excellent durability in a cyclic test. The micron/nano-size multilayer structure enhances in-fiber poling efficiency thanks to the small distance between the conducting electrodes sandwiching the piezoelectric composite layers. Additionally, spiral structure greatly increases the active area of piezoelectric composites, thus promoting higher voltage generation and resulting in 10-100 higher power generation efficiency over the existing piezoelectric cables. Finally, we weave the piezoelectric fibers into technical textiles and demonstrate their potential applications in power generation.
关键词： nanocomposites,textiles,fiber,energy harvesting,piezoelectric
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Perfect metamaterial absorber with high fractional bandwidth for solar energy harvesting
摘要： A new perfect metamaterial absorber (PMA) with high fractional bandwidth (FBW) is examined and verified for solar energy harvesting. Solar cells based on perfect metamaterial give a chance to increase the efficiency of the system by intensifying the solar electromagnetic wave that incident on the device. The designed structure is mostly offered in the visible frequency range so as to exploit the solar’s energy efficiently. Parametric investigations with regard to the measurements of the design structure are fulfilled to characterize the absorber. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method-based CST simulator was used to keep the pattern parameters and absorbance analysis. The metamaterial shows almost 99.96% and 99.60% perfect absorption at 523.84 THz and 674.12 THz resonance frequencies. Moreover, absorption’s FBW is studied, and 39.22% FBW is found. The results confirm that the designed PMA can attain very high absorption peak at two modes such as transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) mode. Other than the numerical outcomes demonstrated that the suggested configuration was also polarization angle insensitive. In addition, the change of absorbance of the structure has provided a new kind of sensor applications in these frequency ranges. Therefore, the suggested metamaterial absorber offers perfect absorption for visible frequency ranges and can be used for renewable solar energy harvesting applications.
关键词： solar energy harvesting,polarization angle insensitive,perfect metamaterial absorber,visible frequency range,high fractional bandwidth
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Pyroelectric waste heat energy harvesting using the Olsen cycle on Pb(Zr, Ti)O <sub/>3</sub> -Pb(Ni, Nb)O <sub/>3</sub> ceramics
摘要： This paper is concerned with direct energy conversion of waste heat into electrical energy by performing the Olsen cycle on lead nickel niobate zirconate titanate (PNNZT) pyroelectric ceramics undergoing a relaxor-ferroelectric phase transition. First, isothermal bipolar displacement vs. electric field hysteresis loops were measured for different temperatures and electric field spans. The Curie temperature varied between 150 °C and 240 °C as the electric field increased from zero up to 3 MV/m. The energy and power densities of the Olsen cycle on PNNZT were measured by cycling the specimens over a wide range of temperatures, electric fields, and frequencies. A maximum energy density of 1417 J/L/cycle was recorded with 200 μm thick PNNZT cycled at 0.033 Hz between temperatures 20 °C and 240 °C and electric fields 0.3 MV/m and 9.0 MV/m. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest energy density ever obtained experimentally for any pyroelectric material. In addition, a maximum power density of 78 W/L was measured by cycling the material temperature between 20 °C and 220 °C and applying the electric field between 0.3 MV/m and 9.0 MV/m at 0.09 Hz.
关键词： waste heat,pyroelectric,Olsen cycle,energy harvesting,PNNZT
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Photovoltaic Potential Assessment and Dust Impacts on Photovoltaic Systems in Iran: Review Paper
摘要： Smart-fabric interactive-textile systems offer exciting new possibilities, provided that they exhibit sufficient robustness and autonomy to be reliably deployed in critical applications. Textile multiantenna systems, unobtrusively integrated in a professional garment, are key components of such systems, as they set up energy-efficient and stable wireless body-centric communication links. Yet, their functionality may be further extended by exploiting their surface as energy-harvesting platform. Different state-of-the-art energy harvesters are suitable for compact integration onto a textile antenna. We demonstrate this by integrating a power management system, together with multiple diverse scavenging transducers and a storage module, on a well-chosen textile antenna topology. We provide guidelines to ensure that the additional hardware does not affect the textile antenna’s performance. Simultaneous scavenging from different energy sources significantly increases the autonomy of a wearable system, in the meanwhile reducing battery size.
关键词： energy management,energy storage,Energy harvesting,interactive textiles,textile antenna,wearable antenna,smart fabrics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Resource and Power Allocation in SWIPT Enabled Device-to-Device Communications Based on a Non-Linear Energy Harvesting Model
摘要： Due to the limited battery capacity in mobile devices, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) has been proposed as a promising solution to improving the energy efficiency (EE) in Internet of things (IoT) networks, i.e., device-to-device (D2D) networks, by allowing mobile devices to harvest energy from ambient radio frequency (RF) signals. However, the non-linear behavior of RF energy harvesters has largely been ignored in existing works on SWIPT. In this paper, we propose to maximize the sum EE of all D2D links in a D2D underlaid cellular network by optimizing the resource and power allocation based on a non-linear energy harvesting (EH) model. Toward this end, we first propose a pre-matching algorithm to divide the D2D links into a SWIPT enabled group and a non-EH group that cannot meet the EH circuit sensitivity. We then develop a two-layer iterative algorithm to jointly optimize the D2D transmission power and the power splitting ratio to maximize the EE for each SWIPT enabled D2D link. On this basis, we build the preference lists for both SWIPT enabled D2D links and cellular user equipment (CUEs), and propose a one-to-one constraint stable matching algorithm to maximize the sum EE of all SWIPT enabled D2D links by optimizing the spectrum resource sharing between D2D links and CUEs. The sum EE of non-EH D2D links is maximized through an iterative power control algorithm and a one-to-one stable matching algorithm. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithms achieve a much higher sum EE than the existing matching based energy-efficient resource allocation scheme for SWIPT enabled D2D networks.
关键词： Device-to-device,underlay,energy harvesting,power control,resource allocation,SWIPT,energy efficiency,matching theory
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A Reconfigurable and Extendable Single-Inductor Single-Path Three-Switch Converter for Indoor Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting
摘要： This article proposes a single-path three-switch (1P3S) single-inductor dual-input dual-output (SIDIDO) converter to manage power among a photovoltaic (PV) module, battery, and load for indoor PV energy harvesting. For low duty-cycle applications, the 1P3S converter increases efficiency in the PV-to-battery-to-load path by eliminating inductor-sharing power switches. This article also proposes a reconfigurable controller to achieve reconfigurability and extendibility that the 1P3S converter can be reconfigured as a dual-path three-switch (2P3S) SIDIDO converter, combined as a dual-path six-switch (2P6S) SIDIDO converter, or extended as a paralleled-1P3S converter for high energy efficiency in various applications with different PV and load power profiles. To identify each converter’s advantageous applications, the efficiencies of the 1P3S, reconfigured 2P3S, and combined 2P6S converters were analyzed under dynamic PV and load powers. The chip is fabricated in the 0.5-μm CMOS process with a 1.24-mm2 chip area. The measured peak efficiencies for the 1P3S, 2P3S, and 2P6S converters are 95.0%, 95.2%, and 90.0%, respectively, while the measured quiescent currents are 210, 130, and 140 nA, respectively. Compared with the state-of-the-art 2P3S and 2P6S converters, the reconfigured 2P3S and combined 2P6S converters with the proposed IC, respectively, achieve higher efficiency through appropriate switch sizes and ON-time optimizations.
关键词： Dual-path six-switch (2P6S),single-path three-switch (1P3S),dual-path three-switch (2P3S),maximum power point tracking (MPPT),photovoltaic (PV) energy harvesting,energy efficiency,reconfigurable controller
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[ASME ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference - Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (Sunday 26 August 2018)] Volume 8: 30th Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise - Piezoelectric Nonlinear Energy Sink for Energy Harvesting With Rectifying DC Interface Circuit
摘要： In order to improve the performance of vibration energy harvesters over a broad frequency range, this paper proposes a use of piezoelectric nonlinear energy sink (NES) for energy harvesting from ambient vibrations. A standard rectifying direct current (DC) interface circuit is considered to generate DC power from the piezoelectric NES under harmonic excitation. Harmonic balance method is used to obtain the dynamic response and energy harvesting performance of the proposed piezoelectric NES, verified by the equivalent circuit simulation. Analytical and numerical results show that the design, by applying NES, improves the efficiency of energy harvesting without increasing the vibration of the primary structure in a broadband manner. The effects of the electromechanical coupling, excitation level and load resistance on the magnitude and bandwidth of the output DC power are investigated.
关键词： harmonic excitation,rectifying DC interface circuit,piezoelectric,energy harvesting,nonlinear energy sink
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS) - Taipei, Taiwan (2019.12.3-2019.12.6)] 2019 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS) - Study and explore on the energy harvesting of the solar cell with DC/DC converter PWM system
摘要： Energy harvesting is generally defined as the collection of light, heat, vibration, and energy sources such as electromagnetic waves, and converting into electricity to provide the equipment itself with enough energy to maintain normal operation. This research uses sunlight to convert into energy output. It controls the voltage of the output by controlling the duty of the PWM technology. The system requires a DC/DC design and the output has a large capacitance. And the DC/DC post-stage filtering must be good. CIGS solar cells (efficiency of about 20%) are composed of Cu, In, Ga, and Se in a specific ratio, and have a wider wavelength range and absorption coefficient than tantalum materials.
关键词： PWM system,Energy harvesting,CIGS,Solar cell,DC/DC converter
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Design Optimization of Photovoltaic Cell Stacking in a Triple-Well CMOS Process
摘要： Various self-powered devices employ energy-harvesting technology to capture and store an ambient energy. The photovoltaic (PV) cell is one of the most preferred approaches due to its potential for on-chip integration. Although serial connection of multiple PV cells is commonly required to obtain a sufficiently high voltage for circuit operation, a voltage boosting with serially stacked PV cells is limited in a standard bulk CMOS process because all the PV cells are intrinsically connected to the common substrate. It is possible to increase the output voltage by stacking multiple PV cells with a large area ratio between stages. However, nonoptimal design results in a poor conversion efficiency or a limited open-circuit voltage, making it unsuitable for practical applications. This article proposes a stacking structure and its optimal design method for PV cell stacking in a triple-well CMOS process. The proposed approach utilizes an additional current-sourcing photodiode and an optical filter, which allow high voltage generation without a significant efficiency degradation. The test chip with four-stage stacked PV cells was fabricated using a 0.25-μm standard triple-well CMOS process. The experimental results demonstrate an output voltage of 1.6 V and an electrical power of 263 nW/mm2 under an incident illumination with an intensity of 96 μW/mm2, achieving a responsivity of 1.91 mA/W and a conversion efficiency of 0.27%.
关键词： on-chip solar cell,photovoltaic (PV) cell stacking,Energy harvesting,voltage boosting
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01