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[Springer Series in Optical Sciences] Fano Resonances in Optics and Microwaves Volume 219 (Physics and Applications) || Storage and Retrieval of Electromagnetic Waves in Metamaterials by Dynamical Control of EIT-Like Effect
摘要： The storage of light is one of the most significant applications of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effects in atomic systems. It is also possible to mimic the EIT effect using artificial media, or metamaterials, which are based on coupled resonators. This chapter focuses on metamaterials that realize the storage and retrieval of electromagnetic waves in the same way as the atomic EIT system. We introduce tunable metamaterials that are loaded with variable capacitors, which realize dynamical modulation of the EIT-like effects and the control of asymmetric spectra unique to the Fano resonance. Experiments are performed to show that electromagnetic waves are stored and released coherently in a multi-layered metamaterial designed for the operation in the microwave region. In addition, we show the frequency conversion of the stored waves and the extension of the storage time using parametric amplification.
关键词： Fano resonance,storage of electromagnetic waves,EIT,Electromagnetically induced transparency,parametric amplification,metamaterials
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Nanoparticle using parallel split rings and implementation of chain for creating Fano resonance with polarization independence for energy harvesting in mid-infrared
摘要： In optical devices, the polarization of the incident wave affects the Nano particle characteristics. Therefore, designing a polarization-independent device is significant in the process of designing optical structures. On the other hand, the concept of Fano resonance and dark mode has been utilized for achieving more energy enhancement. In this paper, we have developed a symmetrical Nano antenna by employing Fano resonance, which is independent of the incident wave polarization. The proposed Nano antenna is modified in mid infrared regime for biosensing and energy harvesting applications. The designed metamaterial antenna is made by Nano split ring resonators with etched capacitive gaps, which are utilized for concentrating energy. The introduced Nano antenna has a bright and dark mode with a weak enhancement of electric field. The effect of the incident wave polarization is investigated at wave incident angles between 0° and 45° to illustrate the independency of the polarization due to the symmetrical shape of the Nano antenna. In order to trigger the dark mode and enhance the electric field, a Nano chain is incorporated in the final structure. This arrangement has led to increasing of electric field drastically. Furthermore, the figure of merit has been calculated as an advantageous factor in sensing the surrounding materials with various refractive indices. Our findings illustrated that the chain arrangement has caused a peak in the linear form of the extinction cross section of the Nano antenna. This in turn has resulted in the appearance of Fano resonance with no impact on the resonance frequency that has been originally adjusted by capacitive gaps and inductive strips.
关键词： FANO resonance,Dark mode,Controllable field enhancement,Plasmonic
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Controlling resonance lineshapes of a side-coupled waveguide-microring resonator
摘要： Resonance lineshapes of a side-coupled waveguide-microring resonator (MRR) is crucial for the performances of MRR-based on-chip photonic devices. Much efforts have been made to modify the resonance lineshapes to other types, such as asymmetric Fano profiles. However, complex photonic structures are required to integrate with waveguide-MRR. Here, we model the light propagation in a waveguide-MRR into the interactions of a discrete resonance mode and a continuum waveguiding mode and propose the phase delay between the two states plays great roles in controlling the resonance lineshape into symmetric Lorentzian dips, Lorentzian peaks, and Fano lineshapes with arbitrary asymmetric factors. We experimentally verify this by fabricating silicon waveguide-MRR with an air-hole inserted in the bus-waveguide section coupled with the MRR, where the air-hole with varied dimensions could control the phase delay. The results not only have potentials to strengthen the performances of MRR-based devices, but also provide a simple strategy to control resonance lineshapes in other optical resonators, including photonic crystal cavity, microtoroid, etc.
关键词： microring,Resonance lineshape,Fano resonance
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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High Sensitive Biosensors Based on the Coupling Between Surface Plasmon Polaritons on Titanium Nitride and a Planar Waveguide Mode
摘要： High sensitivity biosensors based on the coupling of surface plasmon polaritons on titanium nitride (TiN) and a planar waveguide mode were built; they were proved by sensing three di?erent media: air, water and dried egg white; sensors described here could be useful for sensing materials with a refractive index between 1.0 and 1.6; in particular, materials of biological interest with a refractive index in the range 1.3–1.6, like those containing biotin and/or streptavidin. They were built by depositing Nb2O5/SiO2/TiN multilayer structures on the ?at surface of D-shaped sapphire prisms by using the dc magnetron sputtering technique. Attenuated total re?ection (ATR) experiments in the Kretschmann con?guration were accomplished for the air/TiN/Prism and S/Nb2O5/SiO2/TiN/Prism structures, S being the sample or sensing medium. ATR spectra for plasmons at the TiN/air interface showed a broad absorption band for angles of incidence between 36 and 85?, with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of approximately 40?. For the S/Nb2O5/SiO2/TiN/Prism structures, ATR spectra showed a sharp re?ectivity peak, within the broad plasmonic absorption band, which was associated with Fano resonances. The angular position and FWHM of the Fano resonances strongly depend on the refractive index of the sensing medium. ATR spectra were ?tted by using the transfer-matrix method. Additionally, we found that angular sensitivity and ?gure of merit increase with increasing the refractive index of the sensing medium.
关键词： Fano resonance,surface plasmon polaritons,plane waveguide
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Stable Fano-like plasmonic resonance: its impact on the reversal of far- and near-field optical binding force
摘要： Even for a 100 nm interparticle distance or a small change in particle shape, optical Fano-like plasmonic resonance mode usually vanishes completely. It would be remarkable if stable Fano-like resonance could somehow be achieved in distinctly shaped nanoparticles for more than 1 μm interparticle distance, which corresponds to the far electromagnetic field region. If such far-field Fano-like plasmonic resonance can be achieved, controlling the reversal of the far-field binding force can be attained, like the currently reported reversals for near-field cases. In this work, we have proposed an optical set-up to achieve such a robust and stable Fano-like plasmonic resonance, and comparatively studied its remarkable impact on controlling the reversal of near- and far-field optical binding forces. In our proposed set-up, the distinctly shaped plasmonic tetramers are half immersed (i.e. air–benzene) in an inhomogeneous dielectric interface and illuminated by circular polarized light. We have demonstrated significant differences between near- and far-field optical binding forces along with the Lorentz force field, which partially depends on the object’s shape. A clear connection is shown between the far-field binding force and the resonant modes, along with a generic mechanism to achieve controllable Fano-like plasmonic resonance and the reversal of the optical binding force in both far- and near-field configurations.
关键词： Fano resonance,plasmonic,optical binding force,tetramer,Lorentz force
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Exact zero transmission during the Fano resonance phenomenon in non-symmetric waveguides
摘要： We investigate a time-harmonic wave problem in a waveguide. We work at low frequency so that only one mode can propagate. It is known that the scattering matrix exhibits a rapid variation for real frequencies in a vicinity of a complex resonance located close to the real axis. This is the so-called Fano resonance phenomenon. And when the geometry presents certain properties of symmetry, there are two di?erent real frequencies such that we have either R = 0 or T = 0, where R and T denote the re?ection and transmission coe?cients. In this work, we prove that without the assumption of symmetry frequency for which we have T = 0. In this situation, all of the geometry, quite surprisingly, there is always one real the energy sent in the waveguide is backscattered. However in general, we do not have R = 0 in the process. We provide numerical results to illustrate our theorems.
关键词： Waveguides,Scattering matrix,Zero transmission,Fano resonance
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Strongly coupled evenly divided disks: a new compact and tunable platform for plasmonic Fano resonances
摘要： Plasmonic artificial molecules are promising platforms for linear and nonlinear optical modulation at various regimes including the visible, infrared and terahertz bands. Fano resonances in plasmonic artificial structures are widely used for controlling spectral lineshapes and tailoring of near-field and far-field optical response. Generation of a strong Fano resonance usually relies on strong plasmon coupling in densely packed plasmonic structures. Challenges in reproducible fabrication using conventional lithography significantly hinders the exploration of novel plasmonic nanostructures for strong Fano resonance. In this work, we propose a new class of plasmonic molecules with symmetric structure for Fano resonances, named evenly divided disk, which shows a strong Fano resonance due to the interference between a subradiant anti-bonding mode and a superradiant bonding mode. We successfully fabricated evenly divided disk structures with high reproducibility and with sub-20-nm gaps, using our recently developed sketch and peel lithography technique. The experimental spectra agree well with the calculated response, indicating the robustness of the Fano resonance for the evenly divided disk geometry. Control experiments reveal that the strength of the Fano resonance gradually increases when increasing the number of split parts on the disk from 3 to 8 individual segments. The Fano-resonant plasmonic molecules that can also be reliably defined by our unique fabrication approach open up new avenues for application and provide insight into the design of artificial molecules for controlling light-matter interactions.
关键词： sketch and peel lithography,artificial molecules,Fano resonance,plasmon coupling,tiny gap
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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High-sensitivity biosensor for identification of protein based on terahertz Fano resonance metasurfaces
摘要： Terahertz metasurface biosensors have gained significant attention in biological field due to its label-free, real-time and in-situ detection properties. In this paper, a planar array of Fano asymmetric split ring resonators (ASRs) fabricated on 25 μm flexible polyimide substrate was proposed for new terahertz metasurface biosensors. It is shown that 160 GHz/RIU and 240 GHz/RIU refractive index sensitivity can be severally obtained near 0.81 and 1.13 THz transmission dips of the proposed system. Correspondingly, for biosensor samples that protein A/G, A/G + IgG were spotted on ASRs surface in our experiment, shifts of 8.9 GHz and 11.7 GHz, 17.6 GHz and 52.9 GHz toward low frequency were observed, respectively. These results illustrate high-sensitivity and label-free detection of proteins, implying a new feasible way of sensing in terahertz domain.
关键词： Fano resonance,Terahertz,Biosensor,Metasurface
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Double Fano resonances in hybrid disk/rod artificial plasmonic molecules based on dipole-quadrupole coupling
摘要： Fano resonance can be achieved by the destructive interference between a superradiant bright mode and a subradiant dark mode. A variety of artificial plasmonic oligomers have been fabricated to generate Fano resonance for its extensive applications. However, the Fano resonance in plasmonic oligomer systems comes from the interaction of all metal particles, which greatly limits the tunability of the Fano resonance. Besides, only a single Fano resonance is supported by many existing plasmonic oligomers, while multiple Fano resonances mostly occur in complex and multilayer structures, whose fabrication is greatly challenging. Here, a simple asymmetric plasmonic molecule consisting of a central metal disk and two side-coupled parallel metal rods is demonstrated. The simulation and experimental results clearly show that double Fano resonances appear in the transmission spectrum. In addition, the two Fano peaks can be independently tuned and single/double Fano peak switching can be achieved by changing one rod length or the gap distances between the rods and the disk. The modulation method is simple and effective, which greatly increases the tunability of the structure. The proposed asymmetric artificial plasmonic molecule can have applications in multi-channel optical switches, filters and biosensors. Moreover, the controllable plasmonic field intensity in the gap between the disk and rods also provides a new control means for plasmon-induced photocatalytic reactions and biosynthesis.
关键词： plasmonic oligomers,biosynthesis,Fano resonance,filters,optical switches,biosensors,asymmetric plasmonic molecule,plasmon-induced photocatalytic reactions,double Fano resonances
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Tunable Plasmonic System Based on a Slotted Side-Coupled Disk Resonator and Its Multiple Applications on Chip-Scale Devices
摘要： In this letter, based on the subwavelength metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide embodying a baffle and a slotted side-coupled disk resonator (SSCDR) inserted with a metallic block is designed. The proposed structure is numerically investigated and analyzed by FEM method. Two sharp transmission peaks with high transmittance and asymmetrical line-shaped Fano resonances, originating from the interferences between the width continuum state supported by the MIM waveguide embodying a baffle and the narrow discrete state from the SSCDR, arise in its transmission spectrum. And multimode interference coupled mode theory (MICMT) is employed to analyze the proposed structure theoretically, which is consistent with the simulation results. Additionally, by adjusting the parameters of the structure, the resonant wavelengths of Fano resonances can be manipulated. Finally, the proposed structure is applied to nano-filters, refractive index (RI) sensors, temperature sensors and slow light devices, all showing high performance. It is believed that the proposed system can boost the development of highly integrated photonics and support substantial applications for nano-sensors, filters and slow light devices.
关键词： fano resonance,metal-insulator-metal,nano-devices,plasmonics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57