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Super-resolution microscopy reveals significant impact of M2e-specific monoclonal antibodies on influenza A virus filament formation at the host cell surface
摘要： Influenza A virions are highly pleomorphic, exhibiting either spherical or filamentous morphology. The influenza A virus strain A/Udorn/72 (H3N2) produces copious amounts of long filaments on the surface of infected cells where matrix protein 1 (M1) and 2 (M2) play a key role in virus filament formation. Previously, it was shown that an anti-M2 ectodomain (M2e) antibody could inhibit A/Udorn/72 virus filament formation. However, the study of these structures is limited by their small size and complex structure. Here, we show that M2e-specific IgG1 and IgG2a mouse monoclonal antibodies can reduce influenza A/Udorn/72 virus plaque growth and infectivity in vitro. Using Immuno-staining combined with super-resolution microscopy that allows us to study structures beyond the diffraction limit, we report that M2 is localized at the base of viral filaments that emerge from the membrane of infected cells. Filament formation was inhibited by treatment of A/Udorn/72 infected cells with M2e-specific IgG2a and IgG1 monoclonal antibodies and resulted in fragmentation of pre-existing filaments. We conclude that M2e-specific IgGs can reduce filamentous influenza A virus replication in vitro and suggest that in vitro inhibition of A/Udorn/72 virus replication by M2e-specific antibodies correlates with the inhibition of filament formation on the surface of infected cells.
关键词： influenza A virus,viral replication,super-resolution microscopy,filament formation,M2e-specific monoclonal antibodies
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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CVD Diamond
摘要： Diamond has the most extreme properties in mechanical, chemical and physical domain. There are many methods to manufacture synthetic diamond. Diamond layers can be deposited on various materials by many processes. The most robust and preferred method is chemical vapour deposition. A variety of researches have been performed on CVD coatings, and a range of developments has come forth starting from initial publications to the latest results. The process parameters of different CVD techniques have been discussed with technical limitations. Flow rate, applied power, increased pressure and temperature range are important parameters for the deposition of CVD diamond.
关键词： Plasma arrangement,Hot filament,Chemical vapor deposition
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Highly Flexible and Transparent Memristive Devices using Cross-Stacked Oxide/Metal/Oxide Electrode Layers
摘要： Flexible and transparent memristive devices (FT-memristors) are considered to be among promising candidates for future nonvolatile memories. To realize these devices, it is essential to achieve flexible and transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs). However, conventionally-used TCEs such as indium tin oxide, gallium zinc oxide, and indium zinc oxide are not so flexible and even necessitate thermal annealing for high conductivity and optical transmittance. Here, we introduce Ag/ZnO/Ag and Ag/Al2O3/Ag-based FT memristors using cross-stacked oxide/metal/oxide electrode layers (i.e., ZnO/Ag/ZnO + ZnO/Ag/ZnO and Al2O3/Ag/Al2O3 + Al2O3/Ag/Al2O3) without using any annealing process on polyethylene terephthalate substrates (PETs). Both Ag/ZnO/Ag- and Ag/Al2O3/Ag-based FT-memristors on PETs exhibited excellent properties, including high transmittance (> 86% in the visible region), high ON/OFF current ratios (> 103), and long retention times (> 105 s). In addition, they showed very stable and flexible characteristics on PETs even after 2500 bending cycles with a bending radius of 8.1 mm. Finally, we analyzed transmission electron microscopy images and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy profiles to identify switching mechanisms in these devices.
关键词： Al2O3/Ag/Al2O3,filament,memristive device,Transparent and flexible electrode,ZnO/Ag/ZnO
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Enhancement of THz Generation by Two-Color TW Laser Pulses in a Low-Pressure Gas
摘要： We identify experimental conditions for efficient generation of THz pulses by high power near IR laser radiation: 2 TW, 30 fs, 800-nm laser pulses with their second harmonic were slightly focused in a low-pressure gas cell in such a way to avoid multiple filamentation and excessive ionization. This two-color scheme yields a microjoule level of THz pulses which is two orders of magnitude higher than the signal generated in the atmosphere of ambient air.
关键词： THz,Two-color,Plasma absorption,Terawatt,Chirp,Filament,Low pressure,Saturation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Calibration-free quantitative analysis of D/H isotopes with a fs-laser filament
摘要： The analytical characteristics of D/H isotopes with a fs-laser filament are investigated via analyzing a set of D-enriched water samples with D concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 20%. The filament emission spectra feature a narrow peak width and near-zero continuum spectral component. The characteristics of Balmer lines (a, b and g) are evaluated, and the Balmer-a line is selected for isotope analysis. Isotopic information is extracted from filament emission spectra through four different approaches: spectral deconvolution least squares algorithm (SDA), partial least squares regression-internal validation (PLSR-IV), partial least squares regression-cross validation (PLSR-CV) and partial least squares regression-calibration free (PLSR-CF). A multivariate spectral fitting procedure is established in the SDA. Fine structure components (FSCs) of Ha and Da were integrated in the SDA, and it shows improved analytical performance compared to the conventional SDA which is carried out by fitting the experimental spectra with two Lorentzian or Voigt functions. It is also found that the SDA with FSCs gives more accurate results than PLSR-IV and PLSR-CV. Furthermore, the analytical performance is significantly improved by the use of PLSR-CF, in which the PLSR calibration matrix is constructed with a synthetic spectra set. The improvement of accuracy for the given sample set further allows a calibration curve exhibiting an R2 exceeding 0.998 and a slop of 1.009. In addition, the calibration procedure with isotopically enriched standard samples is not necessary in PLSR-CF, demonstrating its flexibility over classical chemometric approaches.
关键词： fs-laser filament,PLSR,spectral deconvolution,calibration-free analysis,Balmer lines,D/H isotopes
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Role of microstructure and structural disorder on tribological properties of polycrystalline diamond films
摘要： Polycrystalline diamond films with systematic change in microstructure that varies from microcrystalline to nanocrystalline structure are synthesized on Si by hot filament chemical vapor deposition. The morphology and structural properties of the grown diamond films are analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The average roughness and grain size of the diamond films decrease with increase in CH4 to H2 ratio from 0.5 to 3%. Also, structural disorder in these diamond films increases with decrease in grain size as evidenced from Raman spectroscopy. The coefficient of friction (CoF) is found to be very low for all the films. However, the average CoF is found to increase from 0.011 ± 0.005 to 0.03 ± 0.015 as the grain size decrease from ～1 μm down to ～20 nm. Post analysis of wear track by FESEM, AFM based nanoscale friction and Raman spectroscopy reveal that microcrystalline diamond undergoes shear induced amorphization with negligible wear rate while nanocrystalline diamond films undergo shear induced plastic deformation without amorphization. A comprehensive mechanism for the observed CoF is discussed in the framework of microstructure, structural disorder and shear induced tribo-chemical reactions at the sliding interface.
关键词： Raman spectroscopy,Tribology,Diamond,Scanning electron microscopy,Hot filament CVD,Atomic force microscopy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 20th International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices (EDM) - Erlagol (Altai Republic), Russia (2019.6.29-2019.7.3)] 2019 20th International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices (EDM) - Simulation of High-Speed Electro-Optical Device for Fire Detection at Early Stage under the Influence of Dynamic Optical Noise
摘要： The simulation of high-speed electro-optical device for fire detection under the influence of dynamic optical interference on the entrance pupil is performed. The analysis of known approaches to providing noise immunity of the device is performed: use of selected spectral ranges of control; the use of additional channels of the device (hardware redundancy); the use of additional algorithms for signal processing channels of the device (software redundancy). Analytical dependences for modeling are formulated. The simulation is performed. Calculation of the mathematical model was made using software package Matlab and the development environment RAD Studio. The characteristics of changes in spectral ratios depending on the temperature of the filament body are obtained. The spectral flux of the incandescent lamp is calculated from the dynamics of the temperature change of the incandescent body. As result of modeling, the spectral ranges of control – 1350±50, 2700±50 and 4300±50 nm were selected, and their ratios were based. Ratios of Q2700-1350 for the spectral flow of a fire and incandescent bulbs made up 10.9 and 0.164 respectively. Ratios of Q2700-4300 hearth and bulbs amounted to 1.34 and 4.13, respectively. The values of the ratios established in the range for Q2700-1350 from 10.748 to 0.784 for Q2700-4300 from 1.354 to 1.557for total flow with changes lamp. The characteristic values of the ratios changes characterizing the fire and the incandescent lamp and allowing to detect the radiation of the source against the background of optical interference are determined. Additional studies on the basis of the developed model should be carried out to more accurately identify the source of fire under the influence of dynamic optical interference.
关键词： electro-optical device,model,optical hindrance,model operation,algorithm,filament lamp
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Myosin II Filament Dynamics in Actin Networks Revealed with Interferometric Scattering Microscopy
摘要： The plasma membrane and the underlying cytoskeletal cortex constitute active platforms for a variety of cellular processes. Recent work has shown that the remodeling acto-myosin network modifies local membrane organization, but the molecular details are only partly understood because of difficulties with experimentally accessing the relevant time and length scales. Here, we use interferometric scattering microscopy to investigate a minimal acto-myosin network linked to a supported lipid bilayer membrane. Using the magnitude of the interferometric contrast, which is proportional to molecular mass, and fast acquisition rates, we detect and image individual membrane-attached actin filaments diffusing within the acto-myosin network and follow individual myosin II filament dynamics. We quantify myosin II filament dwell times and processivity as functions of ATP concentration, providing experimental evidence for the predicted ensemble behavior of myosin head domains. Our results show how decreasing ATP concentrations lead to both increasing dwell times of individual myosin II filaments and a global change from a remodeling to a contractile state of the acto-myosin network.
关键词： actin networks,ATP concentration,interferometric scattering microscopy,membrane organization,myosin II filament dynamics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The mechanism of filament formation in Ag doped Ge–Se resistive switching cell
摘要： The AgGeSe2 solid state electrolyte has been studied in resistive switching. According to the I–V relationship, the possible mechanisms, including the SCLC (space-charge-limited current) model is applied to explain the result of experiments. The conductive filament formation is found to be related to the Schottky barrier between the electrode and electrolyte.
关键词： Schottky barrier,AgGeSe2,conductive filament,SCLC model,resistive switching
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Two-Mode MoS <sub/>2</sub> Filament Transistor with Extremely Low Sub-Threshold Swing and Record High On/Off Ratio
摘要： With rapid development of integrated circuits, urge requirements for transistor with lower sub-threshold swing (SS) and better contact properties, are needed. To optimize the SS and contact issues, we propose a concept of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) filament transistor with two-mode. We successfully fabricated the proposed devices in a wafer-scale. Mode I can enable the device with extremely low SS down to 2.26 mV/dec by switching contact filament between on and off while mode II can realize record high on/off ratio 2.6×109 by using filament as quasi-zero dimensional (quasi-0D) contact. Compared to conventional three dimensional (3D) contact, quasi-0D contact using conductive filament improves the current density nearly 50 times. We also built spice model to simulate the electrical behaviors and successfully predict proposed transistor owns extremely low SS in mode I (using abrupt filament formation/rupture) and excellent quasi-0D contact in mode II. The two-mode MoS2 filament transistor can significant improve the SS and contact comparing to those of the state-of-the-art transistors, which has the great potential to boost the development of next generation mainstream transistors.
关键词： sub-threshold swing,molybdenum disulfide,quasi-0D contact,filament transistor,on/off ratio
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36