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Comparative evaluation of novel thermo-chemical treatment methods for improved impact performance of laminated glass
摘要： The thermal and chemical treatment used for glass is not applicable for the laminated glass due to the presence of interlayer having lower melting temperature than the minimum required temperature for the conventional treatment of glass. The present work reports four specialized treatment methods for laminated glass treatment. The effectiveness of the four novel laminated glass treatment methods is evaluated for an impact response of laminated glass. The destructive ball drop testing was performed following EN 356 on laminated glass samples after treating them with each of the four treatment methods. The treatment methods are compared based on the fracture pattern (correlated to the post-fracture response), fragment size, and amount of damage due to the impact by 2.3 kg, 83 mm diameter smooth solid steel ball from the height of 5 m. A multi-purpose algorithm (transient analysis in ANSYS 14.5 (explicit dynamics module)) was utilized for the determination of the maximum deformation and maximum equivalent stress. The regression analysis is conducted for the validation of experimental results. The impact behavior of thermo-chemically treated laminated glass samples was found to be significantly better than the untreated laminated glass samples in the most cases as the impurities/defects were reduced and strength of the laminated glass samples was increased by the treatment. These treatment methods can be customized later for the laminated glass structures and windshields during operating conditions, which would be a significant contribution to this field.
关键词： polyvinyl butyral,finite element method,laminated glass,Impact strength,thermo-chemical treatment
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Additive Manufacturing of Transparent Glass Structures
摘要： Advancements in manufacturing during the Industrial Revolution enabled the widespread use of glass in buildings and household objects. Nonetheless, processes for the fabrication of complex geometry and custom objects with glass remain elusive. We present G3DP2—a second iteration of the novel additive manufacturing (AM) technology for transparent glass products developed by The Mediated Matter Group at MIT. One of the oldest production materials, glass involves complex material chemistry and requires extreme working temperatures underlying the persistent challenges associated with its design and production. AM with molten glass presents a potential path toward production of highly complex geometry and custom-designed objects while retaining the optical transparency and chemical stability available through traditional manufacturing processes. G3DP2 is a new AM platform for molten glass that combines digitally integrated three-zone thermal control system with four-axis motion control system, introducing industrial-scale production capabilities with enhanced production rate and reliability while ensuring product accuracy and repeatability, all previously unattainable for glass. A series of material characterizations were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed glass products produced by G3DP2. A set of 3-m-tall glass columns was designed, engineered, and digitally fabricated for Milan Design Week 2017, highlighting the geometric complexity, accuracy, strength, and transparency of 3D-printed glass at an architectural scale for the ?rst time and a critical step in utilizing the true structural capacity of the material. Together, the installation and the G3DP2 platform serve as a foundation for future work and suggest exciting possibilities associated with the digital fabrication of glass as well as potential applications in product and architectural design.
关键词： 3D printing,additive manufacturing,printed glass,glass structures,glass,transparent
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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The structure, spectra and properties of Dy2O3 modified diamagentic lead-bismuth-germanium glasses
摘要： Dy2O3 is potential and attractive as scintillator, mid infrared laser and Faraday rotation materials in high energy physics, general radiation and magneto optical sensing systems. In this study, Dy3+ doped diamagnetic glasses with compositions of 10GeO2 – 30PbO – 50Bi2O3 – (10-x)B2O3 –xDy2O3 (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5 M %) were fabricated by a melt quenching technique. The modification of Dy3+on glass forming, structure, UV–Vis, FT-IR, Raman and photoluminescence spectra and properties were investigated through XRD, Raman spectra, DSC, Vicker's hardness and Verdet constant measurements etc. Melt with Dy2O3 content beyond 5% prefer to crystallize, not to form glassy matrix. The UV visible absorption spectra showed three intense bands at 483 nm, 575 nm and 661 nm due to 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 (blue), 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 (yellow) and 4F9/2 → 6H11/2 (red) transitions, respectively. Judd-Ofelt paramaters have been calculated to verify network connectivity of Dy2O3 doped glasses. FT-IR and Raman spectrum depicted the presence of PbO4, BiO3, GeO6, BO3 frame groups and DyeO bonds from cubit Dy2O3. Glass doped with 1%Dy2O3 exhibited promising thermal stability (97 °C), microhardness (480 HV) and magneto-optical activity (0.1864 min/G.cm@532 nm) due to the high optical dispersion, high ion polarizability of Dy3+ ions
关键词： Heavy metal oxide glass,Faraday rotation,Dy2O3,Diamagnetic glass
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Electromagnetic modeling and analysis of the tapered differential through glass vias
摘要： An analytic model of the tapered differential through glass vias is proposed in this paper. Each expression accounting for the via length, diameter, slope angle and pitch is derived from basic physics and the IMD layer is included, additionally. The RLGC equivalent circuit is veri?ed by comparing the S-parameters resulted from the 3-D full-wave electromagnetic solver High Frequency Simulator Structure (HFSS) and Advanced Design System (ADS). The feature selective validation (FSV) technique is used to as a measure of the comparisons. The proposed model and HFSS results show accordance with each other up to 20 GHz The excellent transmission characteristics (cid:1)3 dB and the of glass substrate re?ect from S-parameters, of which the S21 is about the order of magnitude of 10 the S11 is lower than (cid:1)30 dB till 20 GHz. Moreover, the impact of different con?guration on transmission coef?cient is investigated.
关键词： Glass interposer,Equivalent-circuit model,3D ICs,Differential through glass vias
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Improvement of Electrical Conductivity and Chemical Durability in Fe <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>3</sub> Doped V <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>5</sub> –B <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>3</sub> –P <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>5</sub> Glasses
摘要： In this study, we veri?ed the relationship among the electrical conductivity, chemical durability, and structure of conductive vanadate glass in which Fe2+–Fe3+ and V4+–V5+ systems simultaneously coexist. We prepared samples of iron vanadium borophosphate glass with various compositions given by 78V2O5–15P2O5–7B2O3–xFe2O3 (1, 5, 7.5 and 10 mol%) and analyzed the electrical conductivity, chemical durability, FTIR spectra, thermal properties, density, and molar volume. The results indicated that the addition of Fe2O3 improved the electrical conductivity, chemical durability, and thermal properties. The following conclusions could be drawn: Fe2+–O–P bonds or Fe3+–O–P bonds were generated in the glass structure, and Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions were located at tetrahedral and octahedral sites. Furthermore, V O bonds were expected to be replaced with Fe–O–V and P–O–V bonds, which are stronger than double bonds, so that the complete glass structure was strong. The structural reinforcement of the glasses was additionally con?rmed based on thermal and chemical properties and electrical conductivity.
关键词： Water Resistance,Transition Metal Oxide,Vanadate Glass,Conductivity,Glass Structure
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Comparative Spectroscopic Investigation of Tm3+:Tellurite Glasses for 2-μm Lasing Applications
摘要： We performed a comparative spectroscopic analysis on three novel Tm3+:tellurite-based glasses with the following compositions Tm2O3:TeO2-ZnO (TeZnTm), Tm2O3:TeO2-Nb2O5 (TeNbTm), and Tm3+:TeO2-K2O-Nb2O5 (TeNbKTm), primarily for 2-μm laser applications. Tellurite glasses were prepared at different doping concentrations in order to investigate the effect of Tm3+ ion concentration as well as host composition on the stimulated emission cross sections and the luminescence quantum efficiencies. By performing Judd–Ofelt analysis, we determined the average radiative lifetimes of the 3H4 level to be 2.55 ± 0.07 ms, 2.76 ± 0.03 ms and 2.57 ± 0.20 ms for the TeZnTm, TeNbTm and TeNbKTm samples, respectively. We clearly observed the effect of the cross-relaxation, which becomes significant at higher Tm2O3 concentrations, leading to the quenching of 1460-nm emission and enhancement of 1860-nm emission. Furthermore, with increasing Tm2O3 concentrations, we observed a decrease in the fluorescence lifetimes as a result of the onset of non-radiative decay. For the 3H4 level, the highest obtained quantum efficiency was 32% for the samples with the lowest Tm2O3 ion concentration. For the 1860-nm emission band, the average emission cross section was determined to measure around 6.33 ± 0.34 × 10?21 cm2, revealing the potential of thulium-doped tellurite gain media for 2-μm laser applications in bulk and fiber configurations.
关键词： thulium-doped laser glasses,solid-state spectroscopy,lanthanide ion-doped glasses,glass lasers,2-micron lasers,thulium,tellurite glass
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from bottom up approach on borophosphate glass and their applications as SERS, antibacterial and glass-based catalyst
摘要： In this paper, we report a facile, low cost synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on borophosphate glass by a two-step process involving a melting quenching technique and a post-annealing method. The structural, optical properties and several applications of silver-doped borophosphate glasses as a function of Al2O3 concentration are reported here. Micro Raman and infrared spectroscopies revealed that the addition of aluminium ions leads to depolymerization and the formation of phosphate-aluminium structures. Moreover, the addition of Al2O3 increases the glass transition temperature, improve the chemical stability, and the AgNPs remain ?rmly grafted (i.e., not released) when the glass surface is exposed to water. The presence of silver ions and metallic silver on glass surface was con?rmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray powder di?raction (XRD), respectively. The fabricated AgNPs have many advantages, such as low growth temperature and good uniform nanoparticle clusters over large areas, size-controlled, and easy to fabricate. Finally, the silver-doped glasses have proved to be an ideal substrate for highly e?cient SERS applications, antibacterial materials and great potential in catalysts.
关键词： Antimicrobial glass,Glass catalyst,Borophosphate glasses,SERS substrates,Silver nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Optical bonding of tellurite glass film on silicate glass
摘要： Tellurite glass thin film was successfully bonded on a silicate glass substrate by the direct bonding (DB) method. Glass film (thickness 1-3 μm) was fabricated by the glass blowing technique and the DB process was performed at room temperature at relative humidity (RH) of 62% or 15%. The surface adhesive strengths of the glass films bonded at 15% and 62% RH were measured as 250 and 96 mJ/m2 respectively by the Obreimoff-Metsik method. The hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups on the interface between the film and silicate glass were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The major bonding forces between the tellurite thin film and silicate glass were hydrogen bonds at 62% RH and bonds between Te on the tellurite glass and O on the silicate glass were concerned at 15% RH. These forces, contributed by Si-OH, were important for bond formation at 62%. The large amounts of water and OH groups on the silicate glass, determined by thermogravimetric analysis, indicated a weaker bonding process at 62% RH. This work will contribute toward reliable, high-integrity components for integrated optical circuits, which are increasingly needed for high-throughput data transfer.
关键词： glass thin film,tellurite glass,hydroxyl group,adhesive strength,direct bonding
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Medium range order and configurational entropy of vitreous silica
摘要： Two potential sets and three thermodynamic regimes were utilized in molecular dynamics simulations in the preparation of the corresponding structures of vitreous silica. Medium range order characterized by means of basic ring distributions is robust to both thermodynamic conditions and/or potentials sets. A strong correlation between topology and geometry is demonstrated; the correlation is much stronger for simple clusters/small rings. Configurational entropy was evaluated by the ideal mixing of the structural units of the decomposed silica network. Entropy responds to alterations in the heating/cooling rates and its behaviour yields an excellent agreement with the experimental specific heat capacity drops observed at the glass transition. It is suggested the glass transition of the simulated glass should be identified with the change of entropy and not with a change of enthalpy as is conventionally done.
关键词： medium range order,configurational entropy,vitreous silica,glass transition,molecular dynamics simulations
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Towards on-chip mid infrared photonic aerosol spectroscopy
摘要： We propose an on-chip mid-infrared (MIR) photonic spectroscopy platform for aerosol characterization to obtain highly discriminatory information on the chemistry of aerosol particles. Sensing of aerosols is crucial for various environmental, climatic, warfare threat detection, and pulmonary healthcare applications. Currently, chemical characterization of aerosols is performed using FTIR spectroscopy, yielding chemical ?ngerprinting because most of the vibrational and rotational transitions of chemical molecules fall in the IR range, and Raman spectroscopy. Both techniques use free space bench-top geometries. Here, we propose miniaturized on-chip MIR photonics-based aerosol spectroscopy consisting of a broadband spiral-waveguide sensor that signi?cantly enhances the particle-light interaction to improve sensitivity. The spiral waveguides are made of a chalcogenide glass material (Ge23Sb7S70) which shows a broad transparency over the IR range (1–10 lm). We demonstrate the sensing of N-methyl aniline-based aerosol particles with the device. We anticipate that the sensor will readily complement existing photonic resonator-based particle sizing and counting techniques to develop a uni?ed framework for on-chip integrated photonic aerosol spectroscopy.
关键词： N-methyl aniline,chalcogenide glass,on-chip mid-infrared photonic spectroscopy,aerosol characterization,spiral-waveguide sensor
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14