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Enzyme-responsive multifunctional peptide coating of gold nanorods improves tumor targeting and photothermal therapy efficacy
摘要： It is well known that stealth coating effectively extends the circulation lifetime of nanomaterials in blood, which favors systemic delivery but also limits their cellular internalization and in turn prevents efficient tumor-targeting and accumulation. In this study, we address this dilemma by developing an enzyme-responsive zwitterionic stealth peptide coating capable of responding to matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) which is overexpressed in tumor microenvironment. The peptide consists of a cell-penetrating Tat sequence, an MMP-9 cleavable sequence, and a zwitterionic antifouling sequence. Using this coating to protect photothermal gold nanorods (AuNRs), we found that responsive AuNRs showed both satisfactory systemic circulation lifetime and significantly enhanced cellular uptake in tumors, resulting in clearly improved photothermal therapeutic efficacy in mouse models.
关键词： Tat peptide,photothermal therapy,gold nanorods,zwitterionic peptide,MMP-9 responsive
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Colorimetric detection of copper ions using gold nanorods in aquatic environment
摘要： On the basis of that Cu2+ can accelerate the leaching rate of Au by thiosulfate, a colorimetric, unlabeled and non-aggregating gold nanorod (GNR) probe has been developed for the determination of trace-level Cu2+ in aqueous solutions. Our study demonstrates a high sensitivity and rapid response towards Cu2+ with a detectable range (20–200 nM). E?ect factors such as the ratio of NH3/NH4Cl, the concentration of S2O3 2?, the bath temperature and the heating time were researched to investigate the in?uences on the copper detection process by GNRs sensor. The method studied in this project is highlighted by its high selectivity and high tolerance to interferences, which can be used to detect trace amounts of Cu2+ ions in water samples quickly and sensitively, indicating the potential suitability of copper detection in various applications.
关键词： Gold nanorods,Copper ions,Catalytic leaching,Colorimetric detection
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Guanosine Assembly Enabled Gold Nanorods with Dual Thermo- and Photoswitchable Plasmonic Chiroptical Activity
摘要： Noble metal nanostructures with plasmonic circular dichroism (PCD) have attracted interest and a modulation of PCD is of great importance for their potential applications. Herein, we propose a supramolecular strategy for achieving dual thermal and photo-switchable PCD. When guanosine (G), deoxyguanosine (dG) and boric acid modified achiral gold nanorods (GNRs) were co-assembled into hydrogel, hybrid nanofibers with PCD were produced. When the hydrogel was heated, the nanofiber was disassembled and the PCD disappeared. Since the hydrogel was thermally reversible, a thermo-controlled PCD could be realized. The hybrid hydrogel also showed photo-switchable PCD. When the gel was irradiated with IR laser, the PCD disappeared. It can be restored by placing at room temperature. Moreover, the hybrid gel was selectively response to the circularly polarized light (CPL). For (G/dG)-GNRs hybrid assemblies, the R-CPL irradiation showed higher photothermal efficiency than that of L-CPL, which made it useful for an IR-irradiation controlled release of drug molecules.
关键词： plasmonic chirality,gold nanorods,guanosine,circular polarized light,selective response
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Plasmonic nano-dumbbells for enhanced photothermal and photodynamic synergistic damage of cancer cells
摘要： The longitudinal surface plasmon resonance of light-irradiated gold nanorods (Au NRs) is generated to enhance the local electric ?elds of Au NR-based nano-dumbbells (NDs), tailored speci?cally by coating mesoporous silica at two poles of Au NRs and embedding photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) into the mesopores. The assembled NDs possess a superior uniformity and water dispersity with a strong plasmonic absorption around 800 nm. Time-domain ?nite-difference calculations indicate that the enhanced local electric ?eld of NDs is predominantly distributed in the dumbbells at two poles of Au NRs, which improves the photonic performance of ICG signi?cantly. Illuminated by an 800 nm laser, the fabricated NDs demonstrate an enhanced combination of photothermal and photodynamic effects in comparison to either Au NRs or ICG alone. Synergistic damaging of photothermal and photodynamic combination to nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells has been corroborated experimentally, thus causing substantial cell death under a lower incident near-infrared laser power. This study concludes that the plasmonic NDs combined synergistically with ef?cient photothermal and photodynamic effects are highly promising in cancer therapy.
关键词： photodynamic therapy,photothermal therapy,cancer cells,gold nanorods,indocyanine green,Plasmonic nano-dumbbells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Drug Delivery System Using Photothermal Effect of Gold Nanorods
摘要： Gold nanorods have absorption bands in the near-infrared region. The absorbed light energy is converted into heat by gold nanorods. Therefore, drug delivery systems that can be controlled by the heat produced by near-infrared light irradiation will be constructed. First, we modified gold nanorods with double-stranded DNA. That is, release of single stranded DNA is induced by the produced heat from the gold nanorods. We also constructed a controlled release system of PEG chain mediated by retro Diels-Alder reaction induced by the photothermal effect. Next, we designed transdermal protein delivery system enhanced by the photothermal effect. We first casted gold nanorods, acting as a heating device in response to near-infrared light irradiation, onto the skin surface. After applying an aqueous solution of ovalbumin to the skin, the skin was irradiated by near-infrared laser light. The irradiation increased the skin temperature resulting in an efficient translocation of ovalbumin into the skin. Thus, the controlled-release systems and enhanced transdermal protein delivery system triggered by near-infrared light irradiation will be further expanded to development of functional drug delivery system.
关键词： photothermal effect,gold nanorods,transdermal protein delivery,drug delivery system,near-infrared light
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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siRNA Delivery Using Dithiocarbamate-Anchored Oligonucleotides on Gold Nanorods
摘要： We present a robust method for loading small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes onto the surfaces of gold nanorods (GNRs) at high density, using near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation to trigger their intracellular release with subsequent knockdown activity. Citrate-stabilized GNRs were first coated with oleylsulfobetaine (OSB), a zwitterionic amphiphile with low cytotoxicity, which produced stable dispersions at high ionic strength. Amine-modified siRNA duplexes were converted into dithiocarbamate (DTC) ligands and adsorbed onto GNR surfaces in a single incubation step at 0.5 M NaCl, simplifying the charge screening process. The DTC anchors were effective at minimizing premature siRNA desorption and release, a common but often overlooked problem in the use of gold nanoparticles as oligonucleotide carriers. The activity of GNR?siRNA complexes was evaluated systematically against an eGFP-producing ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV-3) using folate receptor-mediated uptake. Efficient knockdown was achieved by using a femtosecond-pulsed laser source to release DTC-anchored siRNA, with essentially no contributions from spontaneous (dark) RNA desorption. GNRs coated with thiol-anchored siRNA duplexes were less effective, and also permitted low levels of knockdown activity without photothermal activation. Optimized siRNA delivery conditions were applied toward the targeted knockdown of transglutaminase 2 (TG2), whose expression is associated with the progression of recurrent ovarian cancer, with a reduction in activity of over 80% achieved after a single pulsed laser treatment.
关键词： dithiocarbamates,siRNA,gold nanorods,zwitterionic surfactant,photothermal
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2017 IEEE Workshop on Recent Advances in Photonics (WRAP) - Hyderabad (2017.12.18-2017.12.19)] 2017 IEEE Workshop on Recent Advances in Photonics (WRAP) - Synthesis of Gold Nanorods with Tunable Surface Plasmon Resonance for Near-Infrared Biosensing Applications
摘要： Single-crystalline gold nanorods of average size 121nm x8.4nmwith defect free surface are synthesized with surface plasmon resonance in the near-infrared region. The surface plasmon resonance is readily tunable from 900-1300nm by maintaining the pH of the growth solution while varying the Au3+/Ag+ ratio.
关键词： surface plasmon resonance,sensing,gold nanorods
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Determination of the two-dimensional distributions of gold nanorods by multiwavelength analytical ultracentrifugation
摘要： Properties of nanoparticles are influenced by various parameters like size, shape or composition. Comprehensive high throughput characterization techniques are urgently needed to improve synthesis, scale up to production and make way for new applications of multi-dimensional particulate systems. In this study, we present a method for measuring two-dimensional size distributions of plasmonic nanorods in a single experiment. Analytical ultracentrifuge equipped with a multiwavelength extinction detector is used to record the optical and sedimentation properties of gold nanorods simultaneously. A combination of sedimentation and extinction properties, both depending on diameter and length of the dispersed nanorods, is used to measure two-dimensional distributions of gold nanorod samples. The length, diameter, aspect ratio, volume, surface and cross-sectional distributions can be readily obtained from these results. As the technique can be extended to other non-spherical plasmonic particles and can be used for determining relative amounts of particles of different shapes it provides complete and quantitative insights into particulate systems.
关键词： gold nanorods,nanoparticles,multiwavelength extinction detector,two-dimensional size distributions,analytical ultracentrifugation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Thermoplasmonica??Activated Hydrogel Based Dynamic Light Attenuator
摘要： This work describes the morphological, optical, and thermo-optical properties of a temperature-sensitive hydrogel poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-isopropylmethacrylamide) [P(NIPAm-co-NIPMAm]) film containing a specific amount of gold nanorods (GNRs). The light-induced thermoplasmonic heating of GNRs is used to control the optical scattering of an initially transparent hydrogel film. A hydrated P(NIPAm-co-NIPMAm) film is optically clear at room temperature. When heated to temperatures over 37 °C via light irradiation with a resonant source (λ = 810 nm) to the GNRs, a reversible phase transition from a swollen hydrated state to a shrunken dehydrated state occurs. This phenomenon causes a drastic and reversible change in the optical transparency from a clear to an opaque state. A significant red shift (≈30 nm) of the longitudinal band can also be seen due to an increased average refractive index surrounding the GNRs. This change is in agreement with an ad hoc theoretical model which uses a modified Gans theory for ellipsoidal nanoparticles. Morphological analysis of the composite film shows the presence of well-isolated and randomly dispersed GNRs. Thermo-optical experiments demonstrate an all-optically controlled light attenuator (65% contrast ratio) which can be easily integrated in several modern optical applications such as smart windows and light-responsive optical attenuators.
关键词： gold nanorods,active plasmonics,optical attenuators,polymers,optical transparency,hydrogels,plasmonic nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Tuning Plasmonic Coupling from Capacitive to Conductive Regimes via Atomic Control of Dielectric Spacing
摘要： The gap length between plasmonic nanoparticles determines the strength of the optical coupling that results in electromagnetic field enhancement for spectroscopic and other applications. Although gap plasmon resonances have been the focus of increasing research interest, experimental observations have primarily been limited to the coupling of spherical nanoparticles that may not provide clear spectral contrast of the optical response as the interaction evolves from capacitive to charge transfer with the gap size decreasing to subnanometer. Here, by taking advantage of the sharp plasmon resonances of colloidal gold nanorods coupled to gold film, we present the spectral evolution of gap plasmon resonance as the particle-film spacing varies from over 30 nm to the touching limit. We find that, the capacitive gap plasmon resonance of the coupled system red shifts and narrows continuously until it vanishes at the quantum tunneling limit, in contrast to the nonlocal and Landau damping effects that are expected to result in relative blue shifting and spectral broadening. When the spacer thickness is further decreased, high order cavity modes appear, and eventually single peak broad resonances that are characteristic of tunneling and direct contact particle-film interaction emerge. The experimental observations show that nanorods are better suited for creating cavity plasmon resonances with high quality factor, and the spectral contrast at the transition provides clarity to develop improved theoretical modeling of optical coupling at subnanometer gap lengths.
关键词： atomic layer deposition,tunneling,plasmon coupling,Particle on metal film,cavity modes,charge transfer,gold nanorods
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57