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Comparative investigation of performances for HIT-PV and PVT systems
摘要： Crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells are a promising candidate for high efficiency solar cells, and the heterojunction photovoltaic (HIT-PV) module is strongly dependent on the temperature. In this study, we design three heterojunction photovoltaic modules to improve the performance by preventing from over-heating, with, glass, Tedlar/Polyethylene terephthalate/Tedlar (TPT) and aluminum substrates, respectively. The efficiencies of those HIT-PV modules are investigated under four different outdoor climates. The aluminum-module shows the best thermal dissipation; while the glass-module/TPT-module have the better electrical efficiency and electrical energy, since there is the high reflectivity layer on the surface of the glass (and TPT) substrates rather than the aluminum substrate. In order to increase the output power of HIT-PV modules, we design a heterojunction photovoltaic thermal (HIT-PVT) system based on HIT solar cells and aluminum thermal collector. The measured results of HIT-PVT system show that the coolant circulation increase the output power, and the HIT-PVT module can provide the domestic hot water supply (up to 51.2 °C) under outdoor conditions. In addition, the cost of HIT-PVT systems are much lower than those of the conventional photovoltaic systems, and the investment payback time can be less than 3 years.
关键词： Electrical energy,HIT-PV module,Three substrates,Aluminum thermal collector
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2017 MIXDES - 24th International Conference "Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems" - Bydgoszcz, Poland (2017.6.22-2017.6.24)] 2017 MIXDES - 24th International Conference "Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems - Algorithms for elimination of charge sharing effects in single photon counting pixel detectors
摘要： This paper presents an analysis of various algorithms for hit allocation in pixel detectors for charged particle tracking. The algorithms aim to compensate the charge sharing effect and improve the detection efficiency and allocation accuracy in terms of detection efficiency and allocation accuracy. The presented algorithms compare the performance of three algorithms in total: a standard Single Threshold Counting method (STC), a Compressed Sensing algorithm (CS), and a Pattern Recognition algorithm (PR). The simulation results show that the CS and PR algorithms achieve higher detection efficiency and better allocation accuracy compared to the STC method, especially in the presence of noise and charge sharing effects.
关键词： pixel detectors,hit allocation,charge sharing
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[Methods in Enzymology] Modern Approaches in Drug Discovery Volume 610 || A Guide to Run Affinity Screens Using Differential Scanning Fluorimetry and Surface Plasmon Resonance Assays
摘要： Over the past 30 years, drug discovery has evolved from a pure phenotypic approach to an integrated target-based strategy. The implementation of high-throughput biochemical and cellular assays has enabled the screening of large compound libraries which has become an important and often times the main source of new chemical matter that serve as starting point for medicinal chemistry efforts. In addition, biophysical methods measuring the physical interaction (affinity) between a low molecular weight ligand and a target protein became an integral part of hit validation/optimization to rule out false positives due to assay artifacts. Recent advances in throughput, robustness, and sensitivity of biophysical affinity screening methods have broadened their application in hit identification and validation such that they can now complement classical functional readouts. As a result, new target classes can be accessed that have not been amenable to functional assays. In this chapter, two affinity screening methods, differential scanning fluorimetry and surface plasmon resonance, which are broadly utilized in both academia and pharmaceutical industry are discussed in respect to their use in hit identification and validation. These methods exemplify how assays which differ in complexity, throughput, and information content can support the hit identification/validation process. This chapter focuses on the practical aspects and caveats of these techniques in order to enable the reader to establish their own affinity-based screens in both formats.
关键词： hit validation,drug discovery,surface plasmon resonance,affinity screening,differential scanning fluorimetry,biophysical methods,hit identification
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Operational Performance and Degradation Influenced Life Cycle Environmentala??Economic Metrics of mc-Si, a-Si and HIT Photovoltaic Arrays in Hot Semi-arid Climates
摘要： Life cycle metrics evolution specific to the climate zone of photovoltaic (PV) operation would give detailed insights on the environmental and economic performance. At present, vast literature is available on the PV life cycle metrics where only the output energies ignoring the degradation rate (DR) influence. In this study, the environ-economic analysis of three PV technologies, namely, multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si), amorphous silicon (a-Si) and hetero-junction with an intrinsic thin layer (HIT) have been carried out in identical environmental conditions. The energy performance parameters and the DR rate of three PV technologies are evaluated based on the monitored real time data from the installation site in hot semi-arid climates. The assessment demonstrates that the HIT PV module technology exhibits more suitable results compared to mc-Si and a-Si PV systems in hot semi-arid climatic conditions of India. Moreover, energy metrices which includes energy payback time (EPBT), energy production factor (EPF) and life cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE) of the HIT technologies are found to be 1.0, 24.93 and 0.15 years, respectively. HIT PV system has higher potential to mitigate the CO2 and carbon credit earned compared to mc-Si and a-Si PV system under hot semi-arid climate. However, the annualized uniform cost (UAC) for mc-Si (3.60 Rs/kWh) and a-Si (3.40 Rs/kWh) are more admissible in relation to the HIT (6.63 Rs/kWh) PV module type. We conclude that the approach of considering DR influenced life cycle metrics over the traditional approach can support to identify suitable locations for specific PV technology.
关键词： annualized uniform cost,amorphous silicon,crystalline solar cells,life cycle assessment,PV cells,energy payback time,life cycle metrics,HIT,photovoltaic systems,degradation rate
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Increase of the particle hit rate in a laser single-particle mass spectrometer by pulse delayed extraction technology
摘要： A single-particle mass spectrometer (SPMS) can provide a wealth of valuable information on chemical and physical parameters of individual particles in real time. One of the main performance criteria of the instrument is efficiency of particle detection (hit rate). Most SPMS instruments use constant electrical field (DC) extraction, where stationary high voltage is applied to the extraction electrodes. As the aerosol particles initially carry a certain charge, those with a high amount to charge can be deflected by this electric field and lost, thus decreasing the hit rate. We realized that the delayed extraction technique can eliminate the stochastic dispersion of the particle beam caused by their deflection in the stationary electric field. As the result, the hit rate of the instrument can be significantly improved. Also, as the effect of the deflection in the electric field is mass dependent, it can cause distortion of the measured size distribution of the particles. Hence, the delayed extraction technique can bring the recorded distribution closer to the actual one. We found that the delayed extraction technique provides a mass resolution improvement as well as increases the hit rate. The gain in the hit rate depends on the type of particles. It can be 2 orders of magnitude for model particles and up to 2–4 times for ambient particles. In the present work we report experiments and results showing the effect of the delayed extraction on the beam divergence caused by particle charge, the hit rate improvement, and the effect of the delayed extraction on the measured particle size distribution.
关键词： hit rate,particle charge,aerosol particles,delayed extraction,single-particle mass spectrometer
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Realtime monitoring on the HIT photovoltaic module characteristic parameters at STC, high and low irradiance conditions in Algeria
摘要： This paper deals with the study on 233 Wp HIT PV module characteristics that defines its performance and operation. The chosen HIT PV module is exposed to outdoor conditions at Saida City of Algeria. The module is tested in high irradiance and low irradiance situations that were recorded over a specific year. Based on the monitored data in these two situations, its performance characteristics were evaluated and compared with standard test condition parameters. From the results it is observed that, irradiance variation effects the HIT PV module characteristics. The variation in maximum power extracted, efficiency, and fill factor were observed. Apart from this weather parameters like ambient temperature, module temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity had also influenced the performance characteristics of HIT PV module.
关键词： fill factor,HIT PV module,PV monitoring,outdoor characteristics,Photovoltaics,PV efficiency,high, low and STC irradiance
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22