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Rapid preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) using a handheld, nanopore-based, DNA sequencer
摘要： Background/aims: A birth dose of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG), in combination with hepatitis B vaccine (HepB), is recommended for infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers. However, the optimal dosage of HBIG remains to be resolved. This prospective cohort study aimed to compare the efficacy of two dosages of HBIG combined with HepB to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HBV. Methods: From 2009 to 2011, we prospectively enrolled mother-infant pairs with positive maternal HBsAg in China. Infants were assigned to receive one dose of 100 IU or 200 IU HBIG within 12 h of birth according to maternal numbering, followed by completion of the 3-dose 10 μg HepB series. At 7 months, post-vaccination serologic testing (PVST) was performed in 545 and 632 infants in 100 IU and 200 IU HBIG groups, respectively, among whom, 451 and 529 were followed up to 12 months. Results: Maternal and birth characteristics were comparable between infants in 100 IU and 200 IU HBIG groups. At 7 months, the rates of perinatal infection were 1.5% (8/545) and 1.9% (12/632) in 100 IU and 200 IU HBIG groups, respectively (p = .568). One non-responder infant in 200 IU HBIG group became newly infected at 12 months. The antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) positive rates were 98.5% (529/537) and 98.2% (609/620) in 100 IU and 200 IU HBIG groups at 7 months, respectively (p = .704), and the corresponding figures were 98.2% (431/439) and 97.1% (496/511) at 12 months (p = .266). The anti-HBs geometric mean concentrations were comparable between two groups at 7 months (707.95 mIU/mL vs. 602.56 mIU/mL, p = .062) and 12 months (245.47 mIU/mL vs. 229.09 mIU/mL, p = .407). Conclusions: One birth dose of 100 IU HBIG, combined with the HepB series, might be enough for preventing MTCT of HBV in infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers.
关键词： Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen,Mother-to-child transmission,Hepatitis B virus,Hepatitis B immunoglobulin,Hepatitis B vaccine
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A Sensing Peak Identification Method for Fiber Extrinsic Fabry–Perot Interferometric Refractive Index Sensing
摘要： Chronic liver disease is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. The most common causes of liver disease include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic hepatitis C virus infection, alcoholic liver disease, and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Through a discussion of various surveillance methods as well as their strengths and weaknesses, we review the epidemiology, risk factors, and natural history of each of these diseases and discuss prevention measures that have been effective in decreasing incidence rates.
关键词： Epidemiology,Hepatitis c,Liver diseases,Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,Prevalence,Incidence,Hepatitis b,Alcoholic
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Wafer‐Scale Polymer‐Based Transparent Nanocorals with Excellent Nanoplasmonic Photothermal Stability for High‐Power and Superfast SERS Imaging
摘要： To understand the mechanism(s) of age-dependent outcomes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in humans, we previously established an age-related HBV mouse model in which 6-week-old (N6W) C3H/HeN mice exhibited virus tolerance whereas 12-week-old (N12W) counterparts presented virus clearance. By investigating the hepatic myeloid cell dynamics in mice of these two ages, we aim to identify factors associated with HBV clearance. C3H/HeN mice were transfected with an HBV plasmid by hydrodynamic injection. Serum HBV markers were monitored weekly. Hepatic leucocyte populations and their cytokine/chemokine productions were examined at baseline, day 3 (D3), day 7 (D7), and day 14 after injection. C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) antagonist and clodronate (CLD) were respectively administered to N12W and N6W mice to study the roles of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus C (Ly6C) monocytes and Kupffer cells (KCs) in viral clearance. N12W mice had a significantly higher number of TNF-α–secreting Ly6C monocytes and fewer IL-10–secreting KCs at D3 in the liver than their younger N6W counterparts after HBV transfection. In addition, the elevated number of interferon-γ+ T cells at D7 was only seen in the older cohort. The enhanced Ly6C monocyte induction in N12W mice resulted from elevated C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) secretion by hepatocytes. CCR2 antagonist administration hampered Ly6C monocyte recruitment and degree of KC reduction and delayed HBV clearance in N12W animals. Depletion of KCs by CLD liposomes enhanced Ly6C monocyte recruitment and accelerated HBV clearance in N6W mice. Conclusions: Ly6C monocytes and KCs may, respectively, represent the resistance and tolerance arms of host defenses. These two cell types play an essential role in determining HBV clearance/tolerance. Manipulation of these cells is a promising avenue for immunotherapy of HBV-related liver diseases.
关键词： Hepatitis B virus,monocytes,clearance,immune response,Kupffer cells,tolerance,age-dependent
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59