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MoS <sub/>2</sub> Quantum Dots Modified Black Ti <sup>3+</sup> –TiO <sub/>2</sub> /g‐C <sub/>3</sub> N <sub/>4</sub> Hollow Nanosphere Heterojunction toward Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Enhancement
摘要： The MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) modified black Ti3+–TiO2/g-C3N4 hollow nanosphere heterojunction is synthesized via the continuous chemical template deposition and sculpture–reduction processes. The results of structural characterizations imply that the Ti3+–TiO2/g-C3N4/MoS2 QDs hollow nanosphere heterojunction is prepared successfully. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of the B-TiO2/g-C3N4/MoS2 QDs (≈1524.37 μmol g?1 h?1) exhibits an enhancement of ≈33 folds compared with the normal TiO2. Furthermore, the process of photocatalysis and the mechanism of photocatalytic HER enhancement are explored, which can be ascribed to the HER activity sites of MoS2 QDs, Ti3+/Ov ions in the Ti3+–TiO2, and hollow nanosphere heterojunction, which are proved by electrochemical measurements.
关键词： MoS2 quantum dots,photocatalytic hydrogen production,heterojunction,black Ti3+–TiO2
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Electrochemically controlled CdS@CdSe nanoparticles on ITO@TiO2 dual core-shell nanowires for enhanced photoelectrochemical hydrogen production
摘要： Here, we report a novel dual heterostructured photoanode consisting of CdS@CdSe core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) and 1D-structure tin-doped indium oxide (ITO)@TiO2 core-shell nanowires (ITO@TiO2@CdS@CdSe) for highly efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production. The finely controlled hierarchical core-shell CdS@CdSe sensitization from consecutive electrochemical deposition on the ITO@TiO2 core-shell nanowire has synergistic effects of visible-light utilization and efficient charge transport on the PEC response. The rationally designed dual core-shell heterostructure leads to cascade charge migration throughout the aligned energy band edges with rapid charge extraction through the hierarchical heterostructure of ITO@TiO2@CdS@CdSe, alleviating the crucial charge accumulation. As a result, the dual heterostructured photoanode exhibits a maximum photocurrent density of 20.11 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a dramatic enhancement in the incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) over the extended absorption spectrum. The time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) characterization indicates the realized multiple-band cascade charge migration throughout ITO@TiO2@CdS@CdSe could promote an 8-fold increase in the charge separation efficiency. This rational design of dual-heterojunction-structured photoelectrodes via electrochemical deposition provides a demonstration of modifying conventional light-harvesting photoelectrodes with stagnate solar energy conversion and PEC hydrogen production.
关键词： cascade charge transport,solar hydrogen production,electrochemical core-shell deposition,photoelectrochemical cell,dual heterostructure
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Challenges arising from the use of TiO2/rGO/Pt photocatalysts to produce hydrogen from crude glycerol compared to synthetic glycerol
摘要： Photoreforming has emerged as a novel technology expected to obtain chemical energy through solar energy transformation. In this way, sustainable valorization of glycerol, a biodiesel by-product, to clean fuels is a promising alternative to help meet the world's growing energy demand. In this work, TiO2/rGO(x)/Pt(y) photocatalysts have been developed for hydrogen production from synthetic and crude glycerol solutions. The effect of several key operating parameters (including vol% of glycerol, pH, catalyst loading, wt% of GO, wt% of Pt, temperature, and light source) on hydrogen production rate has been studied. The results indicated different optimal operating parameters depending on glycerol origin, achieving up to 70.8 and 12.7 mmol h?1 g?1 of hydrogen using synthetic glycerol and crude glycerol, respectively. Additionally, GO nanosheets and Pt nanoparticles strongly influenced the hydrogen production rate but not the overall reaction mechanism. Impurities contented in crude glycerol are key factors in developing realistic hydrogen production processes.
关键词： Platinum,Graphene,Hydrogen production,Photoreforming,TiO2,Crude glycerol
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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The Artificial Leaf: Recent Progress and Remaining Challenges
摘要： The prospect of a device that uses solar energy to split water into H2 and O2 is highly attractive in terms of producing hydrogen as a carbon-neutral fuel. In this mini review, key research milestones that have been reached in this field over the last two decades will be discussed, with special focus on devices that use earth-abundant materials. Finally, the remaining challenges in the development of such “artificial leaves” will be highlighted.
关键词： water splitting,hydrogen production,sustainable hydrogen,artificial photosynthesis,electrochemistry
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Titanate-based perovskites for photochemical and photoelectrochemical water splitting applications: A review
摘要： Recently, perovskites have been intensively studied for effective hydrogen production through photocatalytic water splitting reactions. The unique properties of perovskite materials are their tunable bandgap and high photocorrosion stability. Titanate-based perovskites are the most widely studied perovskites for activation under visible light and improvement in the hydrogen gas production rate by sunlight. Beneficial modifications were achieved through element doping, catalyst loading, heterojunction formation with other materials and surface modification. This review presents the progress over the last ten years in titanate perovskite modification and the increases achieved in the H2 production rate.
关键词： Water splitting,Photocatalyst,Hydrogen production,Titanate,Perovskite
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Pt/TiO2 nanotube photocatalyst – Effect of synthesis methods on valance state of Pt and its influence on hydrogen production and dye degradation
摘要： Direct conversion of solar energy into clean fuels is emerging as an efficient way for the future energy generation and solving environmental issues. Especially, photocatalytic splitting of water into H2 under solar light irradiation is one of the best techniques for clean energy production. Also, decomposition of organic pollutants using solar light is an urgent need to protect the environment. Hence, in the present study, we studied Pt-TiO2 nanotubes based composites for H2 generation and methyl orange dye degradation under solar light irradiation and compared the effect of deposition methods namely photo-deposition and chemical reduction methods. We have achieved the highest rate of H2 generation activity compared to other Pt-TiO2 based composite photocatalysts reported previously, and it is ≈ 173. mmol. h-1.g-1 cat for both photo-deposited and chemically reduced Pt/TiO2 nanotubes. This is about 46.8 folds higher than the pristine TiO2 nanotubes at the same experimental conditions. The selected catalysts were tested for degradation of methyl orange dye, where the catalyst prepared by chemical reduction method showed improved activity (94% degradation in 30 min) compared to the one which is prepared by photo-deposition method (50.5% degradation in 30 min). XPS analysis revealed that the photo-deposited catalyst consist only metallic Pt?, while the chemical-reduction yielded Pt with multiple oxidation states, Pt?, Pt2+ and Pt4+.
关键词： dye degradation,photo-deposition,chemical reduction,Solar energy,hydrogen production,photocatalysis
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Understanding structure-activity relationships in linear polymer photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution
摘要： Conjugated polymers have sparked much interest as photocatalysts for hydrogen production. However, beyond basic considerations such as spectral absorption, the factors that dictate their photocatalytic activity are poorly understood. Here we investigate a series of linear conjugated polymers with external quantum efficiencies for hydrogen production between 0.4 and 11.6%. We monitor the generation of the photoactive species from femtoseconds to seconds after light absorption using transient spectroscopy and correlate their yield with the measured photocatalytic activity. Experiments coupled with modeling suggest that the localization of water around the polymer chain due to the incorporation of sulfone groups into an otherwise hydrophobic backbone is crucial for charge generation. Calculations of solution redox potentials and charge transfer free energies demonstrate that electron transfer from the sacrificial donor becomes thermodynamically favored as a result of the more polar local environment, leading to the production of long-lived electrons in these amphiphilic polymers.
关键词： photocatalysts,transient spectroscopy,hydrogen production,sulfone groups,conjugated polymers
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Water-Dispersed Conjugated Polyelectrolyte for Visible-Light Hydrogen Production
摘要： Conjugated polymer-based photocatalysts have shown great potential in H2 production via water splitting, but an intrinsic drawback of conventional hydrophobic polymer photocatalysts is their poor wettability and relatively large particle size in aqueous media, which is favorable for charge recombination with limited interfacial reaction efficiency. Herein, a well-dispersed organic water reduction system using cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte as the photocatalyst has been reported for the first time. In comparison to a model polymer (PFBT) bearing the same conjugated backbone, the polyelectrolyte exhibits significantly enhanced photocatalytic efficiency due to the extended light absorption and improved charge separation of the polymer aggregates.
关键词： conjugated polyelectrolyte,water-dispersed,visible-light hydrogen production
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Fabrication of CdS-decorated mesoporous SiC hollow nanofibers for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production
摘要： In the present work, we reported the fabrication of CdS decorated mesoporous SiC hollow nanofibers for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production. The mesoporous SiC hollow nanofibers were firstly fabricated by electrospinning, followed by hydrothermal treatment to introduce the CdS nanoparticles decorated on the preformed fiber matrix, The resultant CdS/SiC hybrid photocatalysts were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and N2 adsorption. The as-fabricated CdS/SiC hybrids exhibited a robust stability with a release rate up to ~ 124.65?μmol?h?1?g?1 for photocatalytic H2 evolution driven by visible light, which was profoundly enhanced for more than 16 times to that of pristine SiC counterparts, and comparable to the state-of-the-art one of SiC-based photocatalysts.
关键词： CdS,SiC,photocatalytic hydrogen production,visible-light-driven,hollow nanofibers
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Preparation of core–shell nanostructured black nano-TiO <sub/>2</sub> by sol–gel method combined with Mg reduction
摘要： Black nano-TiO2 samples with core–shell nanostructure were successfully prepared by sol–gel method combined with Mg reduction using butyl titanate as titanium source and calcining at 500°C in air atmosphere and at 400–600°C in nitrogen atmosphere. The prepared black TiO2 samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectra, photoluminescence emission spectra, N2 adsorption–desorption, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The results show that the black TiO2 exhibits a crystalline core–disordered shell structure composed of disordered surface and oxygen vacancies, and the thickness of the disordered layer is about 2–3 nm. The optical absorption properties of black nano-TiO2 samples have been remarkably enhanced in visible light region. Compared with the white TiO2, the reduced black TiO2 samples exhibit enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production under the full solar wavelength range of light, and the sample prepared with the Mg and TiO2 ratio of 9:1 calcined at 500 °C has the maximum hydrogen production rate.
关键词： core–shell nanostructure,Black nano-TiO2,photocatalytic hydrogen production,sol–gel method,Mg reduction
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36