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Synthesis and characterization of morphology-controllable BiFeO3 particles with efficient photocatalytic activity
摘要： The single phase BiFeO3 (BFO) particles were synthetised by a facile hydrothermal method under the special sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration. The particles have been systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction technique, ?eld emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV–vis spectra. It is found that a wide range of NaOH concentration of 1–3 M could induce a high crystalline quality of BFO. Interestingly, it is noted that di?erent NaOH concentrations have a signi?cant e?ect on the morphology of BFO particles. With the increase of NaOH concentration, the morphology changes from alveolate BFO to cubic BFO particles. Moreover, the light absorption characteristics and the band gap of BFO particles are strongly dependent on their morphology. This result in the di?erence of photocatalytic degradation ability of alveolate BFO particles compared to that of cubic BFO particles.
关键词： Photocatalytic activity,Hydrothermal,Morphologies,BiFeO3
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Hydrothermal Approach to Spinel-Type 2D Metal Oxide Nanosheets
摘要： The peculiar physical and chemical properties of 2D nanostructures have aroused global research interest in developing new members, synthetic technology, and exploring their potential applications in functional nanodevices. However, it is extremely challenging to directly obtain the 2D nanosheets for these extrinsic layered structures using conventional routines. In this work, we demonstrate the facile and general synthesis of 2D spinel-type metal oxides nanosheets through a simple hydrothermal reaction. Using this method, cubic γ-Ga2O3, ZnGa2O4 and MnGa2O4 nanosheets with triangular/hexagonal configuration and ultrathin thickness have been synthesized, and all these nanosheets show preferential growth along (111) plane with the minimum formation energy. Microstructural and composition analyses using HRTEM, EDS, XPS, and so on reveal that the as-synthesized 2D nanosheets are well-crystallized in cubic fcc-phase and show high purity in composition, and the formation process of MGa2O4 nanosheets can be regarded as the competition of M2+ and Ga3+ in tetrahedral site. Spatially resolved cathodoluminescence measurement of individual 2D nanosheet shows that the γ-Ga2O3, ZnGa2O4, and MnGa2O4 nanosheets exhibit distinct luminescence behavior, and ZnGa2O4 nanosheets show the strongest emission in visible region. It is expected that the facile synthesis of spinel-type metal oxides of γ-Ga2O3, ZnGa2O4, and MnGa2O4 nanosheets will further promote the exploration of a variety of semiconductor nanostructures that could not be achieved using conventional technology suitable for layered structures and will also open up some opportunities for the integration of advanced functional nanodevices such as photodetectors, phosphors on the basis of them.
关键词： spinel-type metal oxides,functional nanodevices,2D nanostructures,luminescence behavior,hydrothermal reaction
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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ZrO2/Fe2O3/RGO nanocomposite: Good photocatalyst for dyes degradation
摘要： We report a ZrO2/Fe2O3/RGO nanocomposite was synthesized via insitu-hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray di?raction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), UV–Visible di?use re?ectance spectrophotometer (DRS), Raman, Photoluminescence (PL) and BET analysis to study the structural, morphological and optical properties. FESEM images declares that ZrO2 particles are uniform discs like nanostructure shape with clear facets and narrow size distribution; Fe2O3 were agglomerated, which leads to have completely dispersed with the rGO and forms a ZrO2/Fe2O3/RGO nanocomposite. The elemental composition (Zr, Fe, O and C) of as-prepared ZrO2/Fe2O3/RGO nanocomposite was con?rmed using EDX. FTIR and Raman analysis con?rmed the GO was reduced into RGO during the synthesis of ZrO2/Fe2O3/RGO nanocomposite. The synthesized catalysts were examined for photocatalytic activity by the degradation of Congo Red (CR) and Acetophenone (AP) under visible light illumination, these results clearly prompted that ZrO2/Fe2O3/RGO nanocomposite shows a high photodegradation e?ciency of CR and AP under visible light illumination than ZrO2/Fe2O3, pure Fe2O3 and pure ZrO2.
关键词： Hydrothermal,Raman,Photocatalytic degradation,Congo red and Acetophenone,ZrO2/Fe2O3/RGO nanocomposite
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Facile Synthesis and Controllable Emission of Tm <sup>3+</sup> /Er <sup>3+</sup> -Doped and -Co-doped α-NaYbF <sub/>4</sub> Upconversion Nanocrystals
摘要： Tm3+, Er3+-doped and -co-doped α-NaYbF4 nanoparticles were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route with oleic acid as the capping agent. Experimental results showed that the doped NaYbF4 nanoparticles possessed a cubic phase with the average size of ～13 nm. Upon excitation by a 980 nm laser, the as-synthesized nanoparticles exhibited blue and red upconversion emissions corresponding to the monodoped Tm3+, Er3+ in the cubic-phase NaYbF4, respectively, and intense green and red emissions in the Tm3+/Er3+-co-doped NaYbF4 nanoparticles. Furthermore, the possible energy transfer mechanism among Yb3+/Tm3+/Er3+ in α-NaYbF4 nanoparticles was also proposed. The cell toxicity test revealed that the as-synthesized upconversion nanoparticles possessed remarkably low cytotoxicity. All of the advantageous features including facile synthesis, controllable emission, and low cytotoxicity make the upconversion nanoparticles promising for multicolor bioimaging and anti-counterfeiting applications.
关键词： anti-counterfeiting applications,multicolor bioimaging,upconversion nanocrystals,hydrothermal synthesis,energy transfer mechanism,α-NaYbF4,low cytotoxicity,Tm3+/Er3+-doped
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Facile synthesis of Ag/ZnO metal–semiconductor hierarchical photocatalyst nanostructures <i>via</i> the galvanic-potential-enhanced hydrothermal method
摘要： Hierarchical metal–semiconductor nanostructures (NSs) composed of a backbone made of Ag nanowire and ZnO nanorod (NR) branches were successfully prepared using the galvanic-potential-enhanced hydrothermal method. A galvanic cell structure was formed between an Al bottle anode that was used as a hydrothermal reactor and an Ag NW cathode dispersed in a hydrothermal solution. As a result, the contact-potential-driven hydrothermal growth of the ZnO NRs on the sidewalls of the Ag NWs could be achieved. The morphological and microstructure characterization confirmed the formation of well-arranged hierarchical NSs composed of Ag NW trunk and ZnO NR branch structures. The photocatalytic properties of the hierarchical Ag/ZnO NSs were investigated by degrading methylene blue (MB) dye as a model pollutant. It was found that the hierarchical Ag/ZnO NSs demonstrated a more than two-fold faster degradation rate than the pristine ZnO NSs. The high-performance photocatalytic activity of the Ag/ZnO hierarchical NSs was attributed to the synergetic effect of the metallic Ag NWs and the ZnO NRs that enhanced the charge separation and diffusion by suppressing charge recombination, as well as enhanced reaction sites and light absorption.
关键词： methylene blue degradation,Ag/ZnO,photocatalytic activity,hierarchical nanostructures,galvanic-potential-enhanced hydrothermal method
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Effect of Annealing Temperature on Morphology and Electrical Property of Hydrothermally-Grown ZnO Nanorods/ <i>p</i> -Si Heterojunction Diodes
摘要： In this study, ZnO nanorods (NRs) were synthesized using the hydrothermal method, and the effects of annealing temperature (150 °C–600 °C) on morphology, crystallinity, defects states of the NRs, and electrical property of the n-type ZnO NRs/p-type Si heterojunction diodes were investigated. No appreciable changes in the morphology and crystal structure of the ZnO NRs were observed with increasing annealing temperature up to 450 °C. As the temperature increased to 600 °C, the average length and diameter of the NRs decreased due to the partial melting and sintering in the NRs. From the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results, the concentration of internal oxygen vacancies decreased with increasing annealing temperature to 450 °C due to thermal diffusion of oxygen vacancies to the surface. The electrical conductivity of the NRs increased to 450 °C, which was attributed to the increased crystallinity and low defects concentration (oxygen vacancy) in the NRs. Conversely, the electrical conductivity degraded at 600 °C due to the decreased effective contact area.
关键词： Annealing,Hydrothermal Process,pn Heterojunction,Electrical Conductivity,ZnO
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Surfactant Free Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zn <sub/>2</sub> SnO <sub/>4</sub> Nanoparticles and Their Functional Properties
摘要： A simple, low temperature, cost effective, surfactant free and scalable synthesis of technologically important Zn2SnO4 (ZTO) nanoparticles with controllable size and shape has been developed. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) of the synthesized ZTO nanoparticles revealed the formation of highly pure crystalline ZTO phase with the spinel-like structure. The Raman spectrum of the sample was dominated by the A1g vibration mode of pure ZTO phase. From UV–Vis absorption measurements, a band gap (Eg) of 3.78 eV was determined. The photocatalytic activity of the ZTO nanoparticles was evaluated for the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV-Vis light irradiation. The ZTO-assisted photocatalytic degradation of MB is complete in 25 minutes indicating good photocatalytic activity of ZTO. Mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of degradation intermediates isolated at regular time intervals reveals the presence of azure A, azure B and thionin which are demethylated products of the MB, indicating that the degradation is initiated by demethylation of the molecule.
关键词： Nanoparticles,Photocatalysis,Zn2SnO4,Transmission electron microscopy,Hydrothermal Synthesis
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Synthesis and characterization of luminescent metal–organic frameworks for the selective recognition of Cu2+ cation and Tryptophan
摘要： Three metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), namely, [Mn(CPP)2(H2O)]n (I), [Cd(CPP)2(H2O)]n (II) and {[Zn2(CPP)2(CO3)]·(ClO4)·(H2O)2}n (III) (HCPP = 4'-(4-(4-carboxylphenoxy)-2,2':60,20-terpyridine), were successfully achieved under hydrothermal conditions. The as-synthesized coordination polymers have been characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that compounds ⅠⅠ and ⅡⅡ display isomorphous and isostructural, in which the central metal ions present distorted octahedral configurations. ⅠⅠ and ⅡⅡ feature fascinating 3D frameworks based on p/p and CeH/p interactions between the pyridine rings ligands, while compound ⅢⅢ possesses a 3D net interlinked via C-H/p interactions appertaining CPP ligands. In their 3D frameworks, the {MnN3O3}, {CdN3O3} and {ZnO2N3}e{ZnO2N3} building units are observed, respectively. Luminescent properties of coordination polymer ⅡⅡ and ⅢⅢ demonstrate that they may be acted as fluorescent sensors toward Cu2+ cation and Tryptophan, respectively. Furthermore, investigations on magnetic property reveal that coordination polymer ⅠⅠ presents antiferromagnetic coupling.
关键词： Magnetic analysis,Luminescent recognition,Transition metal ions,Hydrothermal synthesis,Metal organic frameworks
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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In vitro and In vivo evaluation of green-hydrothermal synthesized ZnO nanoparticles
摘要： ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using Gallic acid isolated from Phyllanthus emblica aqueous extract that designated as Pe ZnO, was subjected for structural and morphological characterization. For in vitro cyto-toxicity assessment of Pe ZnO, Hemolytic assay and Cell Counting Kit assay (CCK 8) on balb 3T3 fibroblasts were conducted while silkworm Bombyx mori larvae were used for in vivo bio-toxicity assay. In dentistry, clinically advocated ZnO (presented as D ZnO) of ~2 μm size was used as control. Characterization results revealed that Pe ZnO is highly crystalline with hexagonal wurtzite structure and morphologically spherical with an average size of 38 nm as confirmed by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering techniques. Haemolysis assay at all the tested concentrations exhibit that, lysis of Red Blood Cells by Pe ZnO remained well within toxicity limit of 3% whereas D ZnO showed ~5.2% hemolysis. Interestingly, Pe ZnO nanoparticles caused less than 36% growth inhibition of 3T3 cells at the highest concentration (2 μL) against 44% by D ZnO. Notably, in vivo study showed 26.67 and 96.67% death of the larvae at highest concentration 0.032 mg/mL of Pe ZnO and D ZnO respectively indicating Pe ZnO is less toxic than commercially available ZnO. Thus, we proved that green hydrothermally synthesized ZnO (PeZnO) is highly biocompatible and therefore propose to consider as potent compound for further evaluation using mammalian models followed by clinical trials.
关键词： Hydrothermal,3T3 fibroblasts,Green synthesis,ZnO,Bombyx mori,toxicity,Hemolysis
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Facile Production of Mesoporous WO3-rGO Hybrids for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes: An Experimental and Computational Study
摘要： This work explored a promising supercapacitor electrode material (WO3-rGO hybrids) synthesized by simplistic one-pot hydrothermal synthesis route. Various analytical studies (X-ray diffraction study, Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis) were employed in furtherance to explore the structural, morphological, compositional and surface areal property of the prepared materials. The enhancement in electrochemical supercapacitive properties were evaluated from pure hexagonal phased WO3 to the various hybrids depending upon the concentration of GO introduced into it, using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The WG-80 composite revealed the high-rise in capacitance value of 801.6 F/g overcoming the individual capacitance of rGO (71.11 F/g) and WO3 (94.22 F/g) at a current density of 4 A/g with a good cycling stability (75.7 %) over 5000 cycles. We have presented quantum capacitance from ab-initio calculations and provided theoretical explanation from the orbital interactions.
关键词： WO3-rGO hybrids,Density functional theory,Hydrothermal method,Supercapacitor
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14