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The surgical wound in infrared: thermographic profiles and early stage test-accuracy to predict surgical site infection in obese women during the first 30?days after caesarean section
摘要： Background: Prophylactic antibiotics are commonly prescribed intra-operatively after caesarean section birth, often at high doses. Even so, wound infections are not uncommon and obesity increases the risk. Currently, no independent wound assessment technology is available to stratify women to low or high risk of surgical site infection (SSI). Study Aim: to investigate the potential of non-invasive infrared thermography (IRT), performed at short times after surgery, to predict later SSI. Methods: IRT was undertaken in hospital on day 2 with community follow up (days 7, 15, 30) after surgery. Thermal maps of wound site and abdomen were accompanied by digital photographs, the latter used for wound assessment by six experienced healthcare professionals. Confirmatory diagnosis of SSI was made on the basis of antibiotic prescribing by the woman’s community physician with logistic regression models derived to model dichotomous outcomes. Results: Fifty-three women aged 21–44 years with BMI 30.1–43.9 Kg.m? 2 were recruited. SSI rate (within 30 days) was 28%. Inter-rater variability for ‘professional’ opinion of wound appearance showed poor levels of agreement. Two regions of interest were interrogated; wound site and abdomen. Wound site temperature was consistently elevated (1.5 °C) above abdominal temperature with similar values at days 2,7,15 in those who did and did not, develop SSI. Mean abdominal temperature was lower in women who subsequently developed SSI; significantly so at day 7. A unit (1 °C) reduction in abdominal temperature was associated with a 3-fold raised odds of infection. The difference between the sites (wound minus abdomen temperature) was significantly associated with odds of infection; with a 1 °C widening in temperature associated with an odds ratio for SSI of 2.25 (day 2) and 2.5 (day 7). Correct predictions for wound outcome using logistic regression models ranged from 70 to 79%; Conclusions: IRT imaging of wound and abdomen in obese women undergoing c-section improves upon visual (subjective) wound assessment. The proportion of cases correctly classified using the wound-abdominal temperature differences holds promise for precision and performance of IRT as an independent SSI prognostic tool and future technology to aid decision making in antibiotic prescribing.
关键词： Antibiotics,Caesarean section,Obesity,Surgical site infection,Infrared thermography,Prognosis,Thermal mapping
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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HIFiRE-5 Boundary-Layer Transition Measured in a Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel with Infrared Thermography
摘要： The principal goal of the Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation (HIFiRE) flight 5 is to measure hypersonic boundary-layer transition on a three-dimensional body. This paper presents measurements of heat flux and boundary-layer transition in the Boeing/U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel. This facility has been developed to provide quiet flow at high Reynolds number, with low noise levels comparable to flight. Previously, the global heat flux and location of the transition front were measured with temperature-sensitive paint (TSP). A new HIFiRE-5 model was built with a polyether ether ketone shell, which is suitable for infrared–thermographic heat-flux measurements. Quiet-flow tests at Reynolds numbers of 8–12 ? 106∕m and zero angle of attack indicate a centerline transition location within 4% of the earlier TSP results, on the order of the uncertainty of the two techniques. This good agreement reinforces confidence in the earlier measurements and the new infrared-based technique. Examination of the off-centerline transition front indicates that the wavelength of stationary crossflow vortices is the same for both models and instrumentation techniques, although the streaks do not coincide precisely.
关键词： crossflow vortices,infrared thermography,Mach-6 quiet tunnel,boundary-layer transition,HIFiRE-5,heat flux
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Review of Biomedical Applications of Contactless Imaging of Neonates Using Infrared Thermography and Beyond
摘要： The sick preterm infant monitoring is an intriguing job that medical staff in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) must deal with on a daily basis. As a standards monitoring procedure, preterm infants are monitored via sensors and electrodes that are ?rmly attached to their fragile and delicate skin and connected to processing monitors. However, an alternative exists in contactless imaging to record such physiological signals (we call it as Physio-Markers), detecting super?cial changes and internal structures activities which can be used independently of, or aligned with, conventional monitors. Countless advantages can be gained from unobtrusive monitoring not limited to: (1) quick data generation; (2) decreasing physical and direct contact with skin, which reduces skin breakdown and minimizes risk of infection; and (3) reduction of electrodes and probes connected to clinical monitors and attached to the skin, which allows greater body surface-area for better care. This review is an attempt to build a solid ground for and to provide a clear perspective of the potential clinical applications of technologies inside NICUs that use contactless imaging modalities such as Visible Light Imaging (VLI), Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), and Infrared Thermography (IRT).
关键词： infrared thermography,physio-features,short-wave infrared,optical coherence tomography,preterm infants,visible light,NICU,tissue optics,near-infrared,neonatal imaging
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Aerial Infrared Thermography of a CdTe Utility-Scale PV Power Plant
摘要： Aerial Infrared Thermography (aIRT) is a fast and flexible inspection method to monitor and assess utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants. The literature is abundant on aIRT for crystalline silicon (c-Si) modules, but very little investigation has been carried out and reported thin-film PV. As Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) is currently the leading thin-film technology, and a good performer in warm and sunny climates, this paper aims to investigate the application of aIRT on CdTe PV plants in Brazil. Results demonstrate that aIRT is a reliable, cost-effective and fast method to detect faults on CdTe modules in large-scale PV plants.
关键词： Fault Inspection,Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV),Photovoltaic Power Plants,Aerial Infrared Thermography (aIRT),Thin-Film,Cadmium Telluride (CdTe)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Using differential spread laser infrared thermography to detect delamination and impact damage in CFRP
摘要： In this paper, the feasibility of differential spread laser infrared thermography (DSLIT) to detect delamination and impact damage in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is investigated. The proposed method can significantly eliminate the influence of the uneven laser energy distribution and improve the detectability of laser infrared thermography. First, numerical simulation is carried out following the procedure of DSLIT to verify the feasibility of this method. Secondly, through experiments on the detection of defects both in practical aviation CFRP and common CFRP, the feasibility of DSLIT is confirmed. For the common CFRP, this technique has excellent performance: a defect at a depth of 2.5 mm was detected successfully, with the width-to-depth ratio reaches to 2.4. Comparatively speaking, the defect detection results for the aviation CFRP are not as good as those for the common CFRP. However, defects at a depth of 1.125 mm were detected, with the width-to-depth ratio reaching 2.67. In addition, defects caused by a low-velocity impact in practical aviation CFRP were successfully detected. Finally, the thermal data were processed by image processing methods such as sequence differential preprocessing (SDP), phase analysis (PA) and principal component analysis (PCA) to enhance the defect imaging results.
关键词： Laser infrared thermography,Delamination,Impact damage,Differential processing,Aviation CFRP
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Determination of Thermal Diffusivity of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite using Infrared Thermography
摘要： In recent years, there is a great demand for ecofriendly, light weight and cost effective composites. Basalt fiber is one such naturally available fiber which offers exceptional properties over glass fibers. In this study a Basalt fiber reinforced composites were fabricated by vacuum bagging technique. Thermal properties of these composites were determined using infrared thermography. In-depth and in-plane thermal diffusivity are determined by using pulse thermography and space resolve method respectively. The in-plane thermal diffusivity was determined in the transmission and reflection modes. In-depth thermal diffusivity is validated using a Light flash method.
关键词： Infrared thermography,Non-Destructive Testing,thermal diffusivity,Basalt fiber reinforced composites,space resolved method
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Remote Welfare Monitoring of Rodents Using Thermal Imaging
摘要： Animal research has always played a crucial role in various medical and scientific breakthroughs. They offer, inter alia, insights into diseases mechanisms, genetic predisposition to a disease, and drug therapy. However, the use of animals for medical research is a cause of major controversies and debates in modern science. To warrant high bioethical standards, new directives have been being adopted to replace animal research whenever possible, to reduce the number of animals, and to refine the procedures to minimize stress and pain. Here, we present two new approaches, based on thermal imaging (a remote and passive technology), to assess respiratory rate (RR) as well as exploratory behavior and general activity in rodents. In animal research, these parameters are gold standards for welfare assessment. The approaches were validated in a study conducted with both rats and mice. To test the feasibility of our algorithm to estimate RR, thermal videos from anesthetized rodents were acquired. The capability of the second approach to monitor activity was tested with videos of Open Field tests. Regarding RR, a high agreement between thermal imaging and gold standard (electrocardiography-derived RR) was achieved. The mean relative error averaged 0.50 ± 0.15 breaths/min and 4.55 ± 2.94 breaths/min for rats and mice, respectively. The second approach was capable of monitoring and tracking the activity of the rodents very well. This paper demonstrates that thermal imaging is a promising and relevant alternative for monitoring of RR and activity in rodents, thus contributing to the remote assessment of animal welfare.
关键词： vital signs,infrared thermography,respiratory rate,remote monitoring,locomotor activity,motion heat maps,thermal imaging,animal research
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Comparison of two skin temperature assessment methods after the application of topical revulsive products: Conductive iButton data logger system vs contact-free infrared thermometry
摘要： Background: Skin temperature assessments comprise conductive and contact-free techniques. Comparison between conductive data loggers and contact-free thermometry after the application of revulsive products is scarce. This study aimed to compare iButton data loggers with an infrared thermometer after the application of two revulsive products. Secondly, the relation between skin temperature kinetics with skin's perfusion of microcirculation was investigated. Materials and methods: Healthy females (n = 25) were randomly allocated to two groups, representing the products A and B. Skin temperature was measured with “iButtons” and an infrared pistol at baseline and up to 1 hour after application. Skin's perfusion of microcirculation was monitored with a laser speckle contrast imager. Results: Baseline “iButton” temperature values were significantly lower compared with infrared pistol values in both groups. After application of the products, skin temperature decreased as recorded with both devices followed by an increase to baseline values when measured with the pistol. The results obtained by the “iButtons” reached values above baseline in both products towards the end of the follow-up period. A moderate correlation was found between infrared pistol and “iButton” system in product A, with a weak negative correlation between skin's perfusion of microcirculation and temperature devices. For product B, the correlation between the devices was moderate and between skin's perfusion and temperature devices weak and positive. Conclusion: Both devices produced similar kinetics, except at baseline, where they may differ as metallic loggers have been insufficiently adapted to skin temperature. Skin's perfusion of microcirculation could not explain skin temperature changes.
关键词： thermocouples,laser speckle contrast imaging,infrared thermography,skin temperature,revulsive products
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Thermal Imaging of Flame in Air-assisted Atomizer for Burner System
摘要： Infrared thermography was used as a part of non-intrusion technique on the flame temperature analysis. This paper demonstrates the technique to generate the thermal images of flame from the air-assisted atomizer. The multi-circular jet plate acts as a turbulence generator to improve the fuel and air mixing in the atomizer. Three types of multi-circular jet plate geometry were analysed at different equivalence ratio. Thermal infrared imaging using FLIR thermal camera were used to obtain the flame temperature. Multi-circular jet 1 shows the highest flame temperature obtained compared to other plates. It can be concluded that the geometry of the plate influences the combustion, hence affects the flame temperature profile from the air-assisted atomizer.
关键词： flame temperature,multi-circular jet plate,Infrared thermography,air-assisted atomizer,equivalence ratio
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[ASME ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (Friday 9 November 2018)] Volume 8A: Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering - Infrared Thermography to Measure Heat Transfer of a Heated Curved Thin Sheet
摘要： Heat transfer measurements on a heated curved thin sheet are performed by infrared thermography. The evolution of the temperature field is recorded to calculate the heat flux by using the two-dimensional unsteady heat balance equation. The thermal conduction term is estimated by the projection relationship between the curved surface of the thin sheet and the horizontal plane. Natural convection is neglected during the estimation of this heat flux. Unlike the traditional means of heat flux measurement, this method is non-intrusive and can measure the heat flux distribution within a curved space, allowing an easier evaluation of the errors due to radiation and tangential conduction. An electrical resistance foil with known power are applied as the heating source to compare the calculated heating power with the actual recorded power, the max relative error for different heating powers is about 10 %, which verified of the feasibility of the method. Considering possible applications, three different domestic gas cookers are used to heat three different curved thin pans, and then, in each case, the heat flux of the burners is analyzed. From the heat flux distribution of the three gas cookers, some heating characteristics such as heating power, maximum and average heating flux are investigated to help optimize the designs of the gas cookers, avoiding local over-heating and low uniformity of heat distribution.
关键词： Heat transfer measurements,infrared thermography,heating characteristics,gas cookers,curved thin-sheet
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36