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The In-Depth Studies of Pulsed UV Laser-Modified TiO2 Nanotubes: The Influence of Geometry, Crystallinity, and Processing Parameters
摘要： The laser processing of the titania nanotubes has been investigated in terms of morphology, structure, and optical properties of the obtained material. The length of the nanotubes and crystallinity, as well as the atmosphere of the laser treatment, were taken into account. The degree of changes of the initial geometry of nanotubes were checked by means of scanning electron microscopy, which visualizes both the surface and the cross-section. The phase conversion from the amorphous to anatase has been achieved for laser-treated amorphous material, whereas modification of calcined one led to distortion within the crystal structure. This result is confirmed both by Raman and grazing incident XRD measurements. The latter studies provided an in-depth analysis of the crystalline arrangement and allowed also for determining the propagation of laser modification. The narrowing of the optical bandgap for laser-treated samples has been observed. Laser treatment of TiO2 nanotubes can lead to the preparation of the material of desired structural and optical parameters. The usage of the motorized table during processing enables induction of changes in the precisely selected area of the sample within a very short time.
关键词： laser treatment,TiO2 nanotubes,phase transformation,surface modification
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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A case of mediastinal emphysema caused by root canal treatment using Er: YAG laser
摘要： Subcutaneous emphysema is often reported to develop because of dental treatment. We report a case of cervicofacial, subcutaneous, and mediastinal emphysema caused by dental laser treatment. The patient consulted our hospital complaining of swelling and pain across his both sides of the forehead, around the eye lid, from left cheek to the neck. On computed tomography, low absorption images indicative of air infiltration were found scattered from the forehead and left side of the face to the left side of the neck. We admitted the patient to monitor his airway, for bed rest, and to initiate prophylactic intravenous antibiotic therapy. Consequently, 6 days after the dental laser treatment, the patient’s cervicofacial swelling disappeared and the subcutaneous crepitus was almost undetectable. In this case, although secondary infection such as mediastinitis did not develop, it is necessary to consider hospitalization of patients who developed mediastinal emphysema after laser treatment for incision of abscess.
关键词： Mediastinal emphysema,Root canal treatment,Dental laser treatment
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Severe Rhinophyma. Tips and Tricks in Carbon Dioxide Laser Decortication
摘要： Severe rhinophyma may result on marked facial disfigurement, psychosocial disability and functional impairment. Although there is a wide range of treatment approaches, CO2 laser decortication allows prompt removal of the hypertrophic tissue while preserving the original nose shape and skin surface texture.
关键词： rosacea,laser treatment,laser decortication,surgery,rhinophyma,dioxide laser
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Electron Microscopy of Argyria Treated With Picosecond Alexandrite Laser
摘要： Argyria (from the Greek word for silver, argyros) is the bluish gray discoloration of tissue caused by exposure to silver or its salts, often because of alternative medicine treatment or occasionally through occupational exposure. Since the 1990s, colloidal silver has been available in pharmacy-supplied dietary supplements and homeopathic remedies for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, immunodeficiency, chronic fatigue, tuberculosis, and other infections, without any substantiating evidence. Long-term consumption of silver products can lead to chronic argyria, with silver deposition in organs, including the skin, liver, spleen, kidneys, and central and peripheral nervous system. Generalized argyria can occur when silver compounds are ingested, applied topically, or inhaled. Argyria can also be localized to certain sites of the skin or eyes if creams or eye drops are used or can be found on the ear lobes when silver earrings are worn. Silver deposits may localize in the eccrine glands of the skin, as well as in the papillary dermis and pilosebaceous follicles. The silver is in the form of silver sulfide and appears to be more abundant in the sun-exposed skin. Argyria has a well-defined toxicity, and discoloration is permanent. Recently, Q-switched nanosecond laser and picosecond alexandrite laser (PicoSure, Cynosure) have been used to treat argyria. Both the Q-switched nanosecond laser and the picosecond alexandrite laser use the principle of selective photothermolysis and have been used in a number of applications, including tattoo removal and pigmentation removal. Pulses of light energy is delivered to the skin and causes fragmentation of ink particles, allowing for phagocytosis and removal of the pigment by macrophages. It is speculated that laser treatment of argyria causes fragmentation of silver deposits in the skin, similar to the mechanisms of tattoo removal. We present a case report of the successful treatment of argyria with picosecond alexandrite laser, as demonstrated by clinical photographs, histopathology, and electron microscopy. This case provides evidence that picosecond laser causes the fragmentation of silver particles in argyria without phagocytosis in the immediate post-treatment phase.
关键词： picosecond alexandrite laser,silver particles,argyria,laser treatment,electron microscopy
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Combination of Dual Wavelength Picosecond and Nanosecond Pulse Width Neodymium‐Doped Yttrium–Aluminum–Garnet Lasers for Tattoo Removal
摘要： Background and Objectives: Tattoo removal by laser has been mostly performed using Q‐switched laser, which has nanosecond pulse width. In recent years, the efficacy of treatment with picosecond pulse width laser has also been reported. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Using yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser with a potassium‐titanyl‐phosphate frequency‐doubling crystal, we performed a retrospective clinical study with combination treatment using pulse widths of 750 ps and 2 ns. The number of treatments was compared with the Kirby–Desai score. Tissue changes immediately after laser irradiation at 2 ns and 750 ps were compared using an electron microscope. Results: The combination treatment using pulse widths of 2 ns and 750 ps was safe and more effective than the Q‐switched neodymium‐doped yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser treatment. Tattoo removal was possible with significantly fewer treatment numbers than the Kirby–Desai score, without adverse events. The results from the scanning electron microscope revealed that ink particles irradiated by 750 ps were more dispersed than those by 2 ns. Conclusions: The combination treatment with pulse widths of 2 ns and 750 ps and 1064 nm and 532 nm wavelengths using the neodymium‐doped yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser was safe and effective and can be a useful option for tattoo removal.
关键词： tattoo removal,2 nanosecond,laser treatment,dual wavelength laser,750 picosecond
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Effectiveness of Early Laser Treatment in Surgical Scar Minimization
摘要： BACKGROUND Studies investigating the ef?cacy of lasers to minimize early surgical scars are low powered and report variable results. To further examine the evidence, the authors performed a systemic review and meta-analysis. OBJECTIVE To present the evidence of randomized controlled trials investigating the ef?cacy of laser modalities in minimizing surgical scars when applied <1 month after operation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Northern Light Life Sciences Conference Abstracts, and Cochrane Library was performed between November 6, 2015, and November 20, 2015. After assessing for inclusion, data extraction used the PRISMA checklist. Assessment for quality, validity, and risk of bias applied a scale devised by Jadad and colleagues, the Oxford Pain Validity Scale, and the RevMan risk of bias assessment tool, respectively. The GRADEpro application graded overall quality, and statistical analysis was performed with RevMan. RESULTS Approximately 4,373/4,397 abstracts and 16/24 full articles were excluded using prede?ned criteria, leaving 8 articles in the systematic review and 4 in the meta-analysis. The primary outcome reached statistical signi?cance favoring the intervention group with standardized mean difference 0.39 (95% con?dence interval, 0.05–0.74) and p = .03. CONCLUSION The outcome supports the ef?cacy of lasers in minimizing primarily closed surgical scars when treated <1 month after surgery.
关键词： surgical scars,laser treatment,randomized controlled trials,meta-analysis,scar minimization
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Effect of repeated laser surface treatments on shear bond strength between zirconia and veneering ceramic
摘要： Statement of problem. Delamination failure may occur between ceramic frameworks and veneering ceramics, shortening the lifetime of ?xed dental prostheses in load-bearing areas. Purpose. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of different repeating CO2 laser treatment methods and conventional approaches on the shear bond strength of zirconia frameworks and veneering ceramics. Material and methods. Zirconia disks (N=110) were prepared and divided into 5 groups: milling without surface treatment (group M), airborne-particle abrasion (group APA), single laser treatment (group LX1), 2 laser treatments (group LX2), and 3 laser treatments (group LX3). The specimens in the ?rst 2 groups were treated before the framework was coated using the spraying technique. Specimens in the remaining groups were coated with veneering ceramic using the spraying process, and then subjected to laser treatment. Surface roughness and topography, interface properties, phase transformation, shear bond strength, and fracture modes were investigated. Outcomes were analyzed using a pro?lometer, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), a stereomicroscope, and a universal testing machine for mechanical testing. Results. The XRD showed that phase transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic occurred after airborne-particle abrasion. This phenomenon was not observed in laser-treated specimens. Groups LX2 and LX3 had the highest surface roughness values, 1.18 ±0.23 mm and 1.21 ±0.22 mm, among all groups, and group LX3 had the highest shear bond strength values for unaged and aged conditions, 32.08 ±2.45 MPa and 31.43 ±2.07 MPa. The mixed-fracture mode was the most common type of fracture observed. Conclusions. The results indicated that the shear bond strength between the zirconia framework and veneering ceramic was higher after laser surface treatments than after milling alone or after airborne-particle abrasion. Laser treatment methods, particularly LX2 and LX3, could be considered reliable approaches for zirconia surface treatment.
关键词： veneering ceramic,laser treatment,zirconia,shear bond strength,surface roughness
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Resistive Water Sensors Based on PEDOT:PSS- <i>g</i> -PEGME Copolymer and Laser Treatment for Water Ingress Monitoring Systems
摘要： Water sensors are a type of level sensor that can be used in various applications requiring the sensing of water levels, such as in dams, nuclear power plants, water pipes, water tanks, and dehumidifiers. In particular, water sensors in water ingress monitoring systems (WIMS) protect lives and property from disasters caused by water leakage and flooding. Here, a resistive water sensor for WIMS that incorporates poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythinophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEGME) (PEDOT:PSS-g-PEGME copolymer) as high-conductivity electrodes and laser-treated PEDOT:PSS-g-PEGME copolymer as the low-conductivity resistive component is reported. The configuration of the water sensor is modeled as two parallel resistors (Rlaser treated PEDOT:PSS || Rwater) when water comes into contact with the sensor surface. The two-resistor configuration exhibits a better performance in comparison with single-resistor configurations comprising only PEDOT:PSS-g-PEGME copolymer or laser-treated PEDOT:PSS-g-PEMGE copolymer. Moreover, PEDOT:PSS-g-PEGME copolymer is applied to the sensor to improve the stability of PEDOT:PSS in water. We demonstrate that the sensor can detect the water level in real time with high sensitivity and accuracy, and thus has potential in applications for monitoring water-related hazards.
关键词： PEDOT:PSS,resistive water sensor,laser treatment,water resistance,water ingress monitoring systems
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Hybrid laser assisted machining: a new manufacturing technology for ceramic components
摘要： Silicon nitride is a high-performance ceramic used for high-temperature structural applications due to its elevated strength, fracture toughness and corrosion resistance. These properties make this material extremely difficult to machine, leading to component costs that can be prohibitive in many fields where its characteristics could provide improvements in performance. In order to overcome manufacturing limitations, a new technique is proposed in this paper: a hybrid solution that combines laser and conventional cutting tools where the laser source induces controlled cracking into the surface of the material. By properly selecting the laser parameters (laser power, scanning speed, etc.), the crack depth can be smaller than the machining depth of cut. Cracking can be performed in a preceding phase so that no thermal load is induced in the inserts, while maximum cutting load is reduced, thus increasing tool life.
关键词： Silicon Nitride,laser treatment,hard ceramic components,hybrid machining,grinding
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Nonablative Fractional 1,550-nm Laser for the Treatment of an Unusual Nevus Sebaceus
摘要： Nevus sebaceus is a benign congenital neoplasm that presents as a hairless yellow, waxy thin plaque on the scalp or face. Initially asymptomatic, the nevus sebaceus often becomes verrucous during puberty prompting evaluation by a dermatologist. Historically, the mainstay of treatment was prophylactic surgical excision due to the potential for malignant transformation; however, the literature has now demonstrated that the incidence of developing a malignancy within a nevus sebaceous is actually quite low at approximately 1%. Currently, there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal management of nevus sebaceus, and less-invasive approaches are being explored. In this article, we report a case of an unusual nevus sebaceus treated successfully with a nonablative fractional 1,550-nm laser.
关键词： nevus sebaceus,dermatology,nonablative fractional laser,treatment
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22