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[IEEE SoutheastCon 2018 - St. Petersburg, FL (2018.4.19-2018.4.22)] SoutheastCon 2018 - Advanced Nanomaterials for Bio-Monitoring
摘要： Biomedical and diagnostic detection/monitoring are of great importance to society, as these areas directly impact our daily lives. This need is prevalent in the workings of wearable biosensors, as the biosensor market is projected to be a $US 22.5 billion dollar industry by 2020. Hence, the development of sensors utilizing the often enhanced properties of nanoscale materials is at the forefront of wearable analytical chemistry. Nanoscience presents an almost endless amount of novel materials, as their properties differ from their bulk counterparts. Many of the interactions with these nanomaterials remain unexplored, leaving a need for investigation. Both the structure and the materials should be soft and mechanically robust enough to bend, stretch, fold, and twist in response to the motion of the wearer. Here, electrospun polymer fibers have been used as wearable sensors, and further functionalized with a wide loading range of carbon nanomaterials via layer-by-layer and vacuum techniques to accommodate multiple analyte detection schemes in sweat. The data demonstrates the success of a nanocomposite sensor at monitoring in an accurate, selective, and reproducible manner. It is capable of outputting currents, at low voltages (< 1 V), that can easily be read via a portable/wearable device, enhancing the sensor’s attractiveness for wearable/flexible devices.
关键词： nanomaterials,advanced materials,wearable,nanosensors,biosensors
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Morphological effect of composite TiO2 nanorod-TiO2 nanoparticle/PEDOT:PSS electrodes on triiodide reduction
摘要： Composite electrodes consisting of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs)-TiO2 nanorods (NRs) and poly (3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) were prepared on a conductive glass substrate. The presence of TiO2 in the composite structure was proved by X-ray diffraction (XRD) Raman and FTIR-ATR measurements. The surface morphologies of TiO2 NP-PEDOT:PSS, TiO2 NR-PEDOT:PSS and TiO2 NP-TiO2 NR-PEDOT:PSS electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to the cyclic voltammetry measurement (CV), the electrocatalytic activity of composite electrodes on the reduction of triiodide improved after TiO2 addition compared with pristine PEDOT:PSS and platinum (Pt) electrodes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that the charge transfer resistance (Rct) strongly depends on the morphologies (ratio between TiO2 NP and TiO2 NR) of the composite electrodes. It was found that Rct decreased by increasing the amount of TiO2 nanorod in the whole mixture of TiO2 nanoparticles and PEDOT:PSS.
关键词： nanomaterials,nanocomposites,EIS,TiO2 nanorod,PEDOT:PSS
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[Energy, Environment, and Sustainability] Sensors for Automotive and Aerospace Applications || Functional Films for Gas Sensing Applications: A Review
摘要： There are enormous functional materials which have been explored for gas sensing applications due to the fact that when a particular gas interacts with their surfaces, some alteration in their properties (optical, electrical, etc.) is observed. These functional materials are also termed as sensing ?lms, to be utilized as one of the essential components in a gas sensor. Other components include electrodes connected with sensing ?lm and data acquisition system coupled with it. During the past several decades, various metals, semiconductors, ceramics, and hybrid materials have been extensively explored for gas sensing applications. Selection of functional ?lm is dependent on the gas to be detected. A gas sensor should have some characteristics, viz., higher sensitivity, selectivity for target gas, least response and recovery time, higher reproducibility, and stability. Therefore, selection of appropriate sensing ?lm is highly required for a well-ef?cient gas sensor development. This article reviews the various kinds of sensing ?lms, their fundamental aspects along with the sensing mechanisms. Morphological changes in the materials and doping of other functional materials also affect the performance of a gas sensor. Hence, issues related to the ef?cient gas sensing are also covered in this article.
关键词： Nanomaterials,Sensing ?lms,Gas sensing,Functionalized ?lms
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Fabrication of virus metal hybrid nanomaterials: An ideal reference for bio semiconductor
摘要： Recently, Nanotechnology has made easier utilizing plant pathogens as a potential nano-material in biomedical applications. In this research work, we have exploited a devastating plant pathogenic virus of Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV), as a nano-bio template (32 nm) to fabricate the gold and silver nanomaterials. This is achieved through the direct exposure of SLCCNV to gold chloride (HAuCl4) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) precursors at sunlight, resulted into SLCCNV-metallic-hybrid nanomaterials which are synthesized quick ((cid:1)5 min) and eco-friendly. However, virus hybrid nanomaterials are fabricated through the nucleation and growth of metal precursors over the pH-activated capsid of SLCCNV. Under the controlled fabrication process, it produced a highly arrayed virus-metallic-hybrid nanomaterial at nanoscale size limit. Its properties are thoroughly studied through spectroscopic techniques (UV–Vis, DLS, Raman) and electron microscopy (HRTEM & FESEM). In a follow-up study of cytotoxicity assay, the virus and its fabricated nanomaterials show better biocompatibility features even at high concentrations. Finally, the electrical conductivities of virus-metallic-hybrid nanomaterials (Au & Ag) are determined by simple ‘‘lab on a chip” system and Keithley’s pico-ammeter. The result of electrical conductivity measurement revealed that hybrid nanomaterials have greater electrical conductive properties within the band-gap of semi-conductive materials. It is truly remarkable that a plant virus associated metal nanomaterials can be ef?ciently used as bio-semi-conductors which are the ideal one for biomedical applications.
关键词： Virus hybrid nanomaterials,Electrical conductivity,Virus template,Virus nanotechnology,Biocompatibility,Surface biomineralization
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Aryl substitution of pentacenes
摘要： A series of 11 new pentacene derivatives has been synthesized, with unsymmetrical substitution based on a trialkylsilylethynyl group at the 6-position and various aryl groups appended to the 13-position. The electronic and physical properties of the new pentacene chromophores have been analyzed by UV–vis spectroscopy (solution and thin films), thermoanalytical methods (DSC and TGA), cyclic voltammetry, as well as X-ray crystallography (for 8 derivatives). X-ray crystallography has been specifically used to study the influence of unsymmetrical substitution on the solid-state packing of the pentacene derivatives. The obtained results add to our ability to better predict substitution patterns that might be helpful for designing new semiconductors for use in solid-state devices.
关键词： organic semiconductor,pentacene,π-stacking,solid-state structure,carbon-nanomaterials,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Stabilizing the Plasmonic Response of Titanium Nitride Nanocrystals with a Silicon Oxynitride Shell: Implications for Refractory Optical Materials
摘要： We discuss the synthesis and properties of nanoparticles and thin films for refractory plasmonic applications. The approach focuses on titanium nitride (TiN), which overcomes the limitations of more common plasmonic materials like silver and gold with respect of temperature stability. Free-standing TiN-based nanoparticles are produced in two serially connected plasma reactors, where TiN nanocrystals are nucleated in a first plasma stage, then aerodynamically dragged in a second stage and conformally coated with a silicon nitride layer. An in-depth comparison between bare and coated TiN nanoparticles is presented in terms of the structural, chemical and optical properties. Coating of the titanium nitride core reduces its oxidation upon exposure to air, drastically improving plasmonic response. Thin films realized using the core-shell structure show practically no change in reflectivity even when the thin films are heated to 900°C in an inert atmosphere. This study introduces a simple surface passivation schemes that enhances the functionality of the material, providing further confirmation of the potential of nitride-based plasmonic material as high-quality refractory optical compounds for a broad range of applications.
关键词： Titanium nitride,Non-thermal plasma,Thin films,Nanocrystals,Refractory nanomaterials,Plasmonic nanomaterials
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The Photothermal Stability Study of Quantum Dots Embedded in Sodium Chlorides
摘要： An e?cient and useful method for the incorporation of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) into ionic matrices is demonstrated. We prepared three di?erent synthesis methods, which are traditional saturated-salt water, methanol-assisted, and ethanol-assisted methods. The continuous thermal and photonic stress tests indicate that the high temperature, instead of photonic excitation stress, is more detrimental to the illumination capability of the quantum dots. While the traditional saturated-salt water synthesis and methanol-assisted method are quite e?ective in low temperature and low photon excitation intensity, the quantum dots sealed by the ethanol-assisted method cannot hold under all conditions. An over-1000-h aging test can provide crucial information for the longevity of these quantum dots, and more than 10,000 h of lifetime can be expected.
关键词： light-emitting diodes,quantum-well,nanomaterials,-wire and -dot devices
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Simple Universal Strategy for Quantification of Carboxyl Groups on Carbon Nanomaterials: Carbon Dioxide Vapor Generation Coupled to Microplasma for Optical Emission Spectrometric Detection
摘要： The physicochemical properties and applications of carbon nanomaterials are remarkably dependent on the amount of carboxyl group on their surfaces. Unfortunately, it is challenging to determine the carboxyl group on carbon nanomaterials at an ultralow density not only due to the low sensitivities of conventional techniques, but also because there are no matrix-matched certi?ed reference materials available. In this work, a novel strategy comprising coupling carbon dioxide vapor generation to a microplasma optical emission spectrometer was developed for the sensitive and accurate quanti?cation of surface carboxyl groups on carbon nanomaterials. The carboxyl group on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene (G), or its oxide (GO) was converted to carboxylic acid using concentrated hydrochloric acid prior to quanti?cation. The generated carboxylic acid was puri?ed and then reacted with sodium bicarbonate to generate CO2, which was swept into a miniaturized point discharge optical emission spectrometer (μPD-OES) for the detection of carbon atomic emission lines. Potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) served as a calibration standard for quanti?cation of the carboxyl group on G/GO/MWCNTs, thus, overcoming the lack of CRMs. Owing to the high sensitivity of μPD-OES for the detection of CO2, a limit of detection of 0.1 μmol g?1 (1 nmol) was obtained for the carboxyl group based on a sample mass of 10 mg G/GO/MWCNTs, superior to that obtained using conventional methods. Moreover, the proposed method not only retains several unique advantages of good accuracy and elimination of the use of complicated, expensive, and high power-consumption instruments, but was also applicable to the quanti?cation of the carboxyl group on other nanomaterials such as carboxylated magnetic microspheres.
关键词： carbon dioxide vapor generation,microplasma optical emission spectrometer,carbon nanomaterials,quantification,carboxyl groups
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Structural Transformations of a Carbon Nanomaterial under High-Energy Laser Irradiation
摘要： Pulsed-laser irradiation of a globular turbostratic carbon material under diverse conditions was carried. A TEM examination revealed formation of nanostructured particles (nanocapsules) under exposure to 1064 nm pulsed radiation at the power density of 108 W/cm2, whose increase to 1011 W/cm2 led to formation of structures with a higher degree of ordering. Pulsed irradiation of the initial globules at 532 nm wavelength allowed reducing the interplanar spacings of the graphene layers in the resultant nanocapsules from 0.410 to 0.346 nm. The dependence of the maximum heating temperature of the nanoparticles on the power density in the laser spot was analyzed. The in? uence of the heating temperature of the carbon nanomaterial on its structure and morphology was assessed.
关键词： carbon nanomaterials,nanocapsules,power density,transmission electron microscopy,laser irradiation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Hierarchical Core-Shell Structure of 2D VS2@VC@N-Doped Carbon Sheets Decorated by Ultrafine Pd Nanoparticles: Assembled in 3D Rosette-like Array on Carbon Fiber Microelectrode for Electrochemical Sensing
摘要： The development of two-dimension (2D) nanohybrid materials with heterogeneous component in nanoscale and three-dimension (3D) well-ordered assembly in microscale has been regarded as an effective way to improve their overall performances by synergistic coupling of the optimized structure and composition. In this work, we reported the design and synthesis of a new type of hierarchically core-shell structure of 2D VS2@VC@N-doped carbon (NC) sheets decorated by ultrafine Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs), which were vertically grown on carbon fiber (CF) and assembled into a unique 3D rosette-like array. The resultant VS2@VC@NC-PdNPs modified CF microelectrode integrated the structural and electrochemical properties of the heterogeneous hybridization of core-shell VS2@VC@NC-PdNPs sheets with unique rosette-like array structure, and gave rise to a significant improvement in terms of electron transfer ability, electrocatalytic activity, stability and biocompatibility. Under the optimized conditions, the VS2@VC@NC-PdNPs modified CF microelectrode demonstrated excellent electrochemical sensing performance towards biomarker hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) including high sensitivity of 152.7 μA cm-2 mM-1, low detection limit of 50 nM (a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1), as well as good reproducibility and anti-interference ability, which could be used for real-time in situ electrochemical detection of H2O2 in live cancer cells and cancer tissue. The remarkable performances of the proposed nanohybrid microelectrode will have a profound impact on the design of diverse 2D layered materials as promising candidate for electrochemical biosensing applications.
关键词： electrochemical sensing,hierarchical core-shell structure,three-dimension rosette-like sheets array,Two-dimension layered nanomaterials,cancer biomarker detection
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57