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Optical Imaging of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells in Xenograft Athymic Mice Using an ICAM-1-Targeting Small-Molecule Probe
摘要： Purpose: The development of early, accurate diagnostic strategies for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a significant challenge. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) overexpressed in human TNBC cells is a potential molecular target and biomarker for diagnosis. In this study, small-molecule probe (denoted as γ3-Cy5.5) constructed with a short 17-mer linear peptide (γ3) and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) dye cyanine 5.5 (Cy5.5) was used to detect the expression of ICAM-1 in vitro and in vivo, and to diagnose TNBC via NIRF imaging. Procedures: Western blotting and flow cytometric analysis were used for the detection of ICAM-1 expression in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The cytotoxicity of the small-molecule probe γ3-Cy5.5 was detected using the CCK8 assay. The in vitro targeting of the small-molecule probe γ3-Cy5.5 was verified via flow cytometry and a laser scanning confocal microscope. Finally, the targeting of small-molecule probe in vivo and ex vivo was observed by NIRF imaging. Results: Western blotting and flow cytometry demonstrate that ICAM-1 was highly expressed in the MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell line. Laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry results show that TNBC cells have an increased cellular uptake of γ3-Cy5.5 compared to the control probe γ3S-Cy5.5. With in vivo NIRF, a significantly higher Cy5.5 signal appeared in the tumors of mice administered γ3-Cy5.5 than those treated with γ3S-Cy5.5. The target-to-background ratio observed on the NIRF images was significantly higher in the γ3-Cy5.5 group (10.2, 13.6) compared with the γ3S-Cy5.5 group (4.4, 4.0) at 1 and 2 h, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first report of the use of ICAM-1-specific small-molecule probe for in vivo NIRF optical imaging of TNBC. This method provides a noninvasive and specific strategy for the early diagnosis of TNBC.
关键词： Triple-negative breast cancer,Near-infrared fluorescence imaging,Small-molecule probe,ICAM-1
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Near-Infrared-Light Activatable Nanoparticles for Deep-Tissue-Penetrating Wireless Optogenetics
摘要： Optogenetics has been developed to control the activities and functions of cells with high spatiotemporal resolution, cell-type specificity, and flexibility. However, current optogenetic tools generally rely on visible light (e.g., blue or yellow) with shallow tissue penetration ability that does require invasive fiber-optic probes to deliver visible light into organs and animal tissues. This often results in a series of side effects, such as tissue damage and unwanted inflammation. Fortunately, the emerging wireless optogenetic tools that can respond to deep-tissue-penetrating near-infrared (NIR) light have attracted increasing attention due to their much-reduced damage to living organisms. There are mainly two types of NIR-activatable optogenetic tools: one uses lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles to transduce NIR light to visible light to modulate classical opsin-expressing neurons; the other type couples with an NIR absorber to convert NIR light to heat to activate thermosensitive proteins. These NIR-activatable optogenetic tools enable low-invasive 'remote control' activation and inhibition of cellular signaling pathways. This approach has great potential to help create more innovative therapies for diseases like cancer, diabetes, and neuronal disorders in the near future. Therefore, this review article summarizes the recent advances on design strategies and synthetic methods of NIR-activatable nanomaterials for wireless optogenetic applications.
关键词： nanomaterials,near infrared,optogenetics,photothermal,upconversion
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Bismuth Sulfide Nanorods with Retractable Zinc Protoporphyrin Molecules for Suppressing Innate Antioxidant Defense System and Strengthening Phototherapeutic Effects
摘要： Bismuth (Bi)-based nanomaterials (NMs) are widely used for computed tomography (CT) imaging guided photothermal therapy, however, the photodynamic property is hardly exhibited by these NMs due to the fast electron–hole recombination within their narrow bandgap. Herein, a sophisticated nanosystem is designed to endow bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanorods (NRs) with potent photodynamic property. Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZP) is linked to Bi2S3 NRs through a thermoresponsive polymer to form BPZP nanosystems. The stretching ZP could prebind to the active site of heme oxygenase-1 overexpressed in cancer cells, suppressing the cellular antioxidant defense capability. Upon NIR laser irradiation, the heat released from Bi2S3 NRs could retract the polymer and drive ZP to the proximity of Bi2S3 NRs, facilitating an efficient electron–hole separation in ZP and Bi2S3 NRs, and leading to reactive oxygen species generation. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate the promising photodynamic property of BPZP, together with their photothermal and CT imaging performance.
关键词： photodynamic therapy,heme oxygenase-1,bismuth sulfide,near-infrared,zinc protoporphyrin IX
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Near-Infrared fluorescence chemosensor based on isothiocyanate-aza-BODIPY for cyanide detection in ppb level: Applications in buffer media and living cell imaging
摘要： A near-infrared chemodosimeter based on an aza-BODIPY dye was designed and synthesized. The sensor contains isothiocyanate groups for cyanide ion sensing. The sensing function was illustrated via the fluorescence changes in near-infrared frequencies as well as chromogenic change which could be easily visualized with a detection limit of 19 ppb. The sensor provides high selectivity to CN? and discriminates other anions such as CH3COO?, HPO4 2?, HSO4 ?, NO3 ?, Cl?, F?, Br?, I?, ClO3 ?, CO3 2?, SO4 2?, and phenylalanine (Phe) in 50% PBS buffer/acetonitrile at physiological pH. The potential of the sensor for CN? detection in both aqueous buffer solutions and living cells imaging were demonstrated.
关键词： selectivity,cyanide,sensors,aza-BODIPY dyes,near-infrared fluorescence
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Nondestructive Detection of Postharvest Quality of Cherry Tomatoes Using a Portable NIR Spectrometer and Chemometric Algorithms
摘要： The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of a portable NIR spectroscopy system and chemometric algorithms in intelligently detecting postharvest quality of cherry tomatoes. The postharvest quality of cherry tomatoes was evaluated in terms of firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), and pH, and a portable NIR spectrometer (950–1650 nm) was used to obtain the spectra of cherry tomatoes. Partial least square (PLS), support vector machine (SVM), and extreme learning machine (ELM) were applied to predict the postharvest quality of cherry tomatoes from their spectra. The effects of different preprocessing techniques, including Savitzky–Golay (S-G), multiplicative scattering correction (MSC), and standard normal variate (SNV) on prediction performance were also evaluated. Firmness, SSC and pH values of cherry tomatoes decreased during storage period, based on which the tomato samples could be classified into two distinct clusters. Similarly, cherry tomatoes with different storage time could also be separated by the NIR spectroscopic characteristics. The best prediction accuracy was obtained from ELM algorithms using the raw spectra with Rp2, RMSEP, and RPD values of 0.9666, 0.3141 N, and 5.6118 for firmness; 0.9179, 0.1485%, and 3.6249 for SSC; and 0.8519, 0.0164, and 2.7407 for pH, respectively. Excellent predictions for firmness and SSC (RPD value greater than 3.0), good prediction for pH (RPD value between 2.5 and 3.0) were obtained using ELM model. NIR spectroscopy is capable of intelligently detecting postharvest quality of cherry tomatoes during storage.
关键词： Partial least square,Extreme learning machine,Support vector machine,Cherry tomato,Near infrared spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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NIR-Responsive Copolymer Upconversion Nanocomposites for Triggered Drug Release in Vitro and in Vivo
摘要： Light has several advantages as the stimulus for triggered drug release. Currently, the applications of phototriggered drug-release devices (PDDs) are largely limited by two factors: the limited tissue penetration and detrimental effects caused by excitation light (ultraviolet or visible light). To address this disadvantage, this study developed nanocomposites based on upconversion nanoparticles (UC), which could convert near-infrared light to ultraviolet-visible light and trigger drug release. By loading UC and doxorubicin (DOX) into photo-responsive copolymer PEG-NMAB-PLA (PNP), near-infrared responsive copolymer upconversion nanocomposites (PNP-DOX-UC) was constructed. We proved that PNP-DOX-UC showed the fast release and strong cytotoxicity under near infrared irradiation in vitro. The therapeutic efficacy study indicated that PNP-DOX-UC+hv had the enhanced antitumor efficiency. In the study, UC becoming an internal ultraviolet-visible light source for near infrared excitation developes an applicable and efficient approach to meet the requirements for UV/Vis excitation, which is a major disadvantage in photosensitive materials developed for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
关键词： Near-infrared light,Photo-responsive,Nanocomposites,Copolymer,Triggered drug release,Upconversion Nanoparticle
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Zn <sub/>3</sub> Ga <sub/>2</sub> Ge <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>10</sub> :Cr <sup>3+</sup> Uniform Microspheres: Template-Free Synthesis, Tunable Bandgap/Trap Depth, and <i>In Vivo</i> Rechargeable Near-Infrared-Persistent Luminescence
摘要： Near-infrared (NIR) emitting persistent phosphors of Cr3+-doped zinc gallogermanate have emerged for in vivo bio-imaging with the advantages of no need for in situ excitation. However, it is challenging to synthesize well-dispersed and uniform spherical particles with high brightness, high resolution, and distinguished NIR long afterglow. In this work, Zn3Ga2Ge2O10:Cr3+ (ZGGC) monospheres were directly synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method with the assistance of citric anions (Cit3-), which emit a NIR emission at ~696 nm and exhibit excellent NIR persistent luminescence with rechargeability. Controlled experiments indicated that the shape evolution of ZGGC product is significantly affected by Cit3-, solution pH, and the duration and temperature of hydrothermal reaction. Furthermore, compositional influence on the crystal structure, bandgap, trap depth, and luminescence characteristics of ZnyGa2Ge2O10-δ:Cr3+ (y = 2.8, 3.0, 3.2) were investigated in details, which allows to construct an energy level diagram of the ZGGC host, Cr3+ ions, and electron traps. It was found that the bandgap and conduction-band minimum (CBM) are significantly affected by the Zn content, while the valence-band maximum (VBM) is not. The y = 3.0 sample exhibited the best persistent luminescence, owing to its deepest defects. The ZGGC-NH2 prepared through surface functionalization of ZGGC spheres showed distinguished NIR long afterglow, low toxicity, and great potential for in vitro cell imaging and in vivo bio-imaging in the absence of excitation. Moreover, the persistent-luminescence signal from the ZGGC-NH2 can be repeated in vivo through in situ recharge with external excitation of a red LED lamp, indicating that the ZGGC-NH2 is suitable for applications in long-term in vivo imaging.
关键词： in vivo imaging,Near infrared persistent luminescence,conduction band minimum,monospheres
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Numerical study of a wide-angle and polarization-insensitive ultrabroadband metamaterial absorber in visible and near-infrared region
摘要： An ultrabroadband metamaterial absorber structure based on a periodic array of metallic-dielectric multilayered conical frustums is numerically investigated and proposed. The metamaterial absorber indicated an absorptivity of higher than 90%, which covered the visible and near-infrared region at 480-1480 nm, and a relative absorption bandwidth of 102%. The high absorptivity can be maintained with large incident angles up to 60° under both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations. Furthermore, the proposed absorber exhibits polarization insensitivity owing to its rotational symmetry structure. Compared with the previously reported ultrabroadband metamaterial absorbers, the design in this work indicates high practical feasibility in terms of compact structure for large bandwidth, wide incident angle and polarization insensitivity, thereby suggesting its promising application, for example, in solar cells and thermal emitters.
关键词： Metamaterial,Absorber,Visible,Ultrabroadband,Near-Infrared
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Triphenyl phosphate end-capped dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran as a near infrared fluorescent sensor for lysozyme in urine sample
摘要： A dicyano-methylene-4H-pyran (DCM)-based fluorescent probe DCPOP was designed for detecting lysozyme in urine sample. DCPOP showed obvious NIR emission (> 650 nm) avoiding the background fluorescence of urine (450 ? 600 nm). Compared to its mimic (DCPO), DCPOP has a big end-capped triphenyl phosphate (TPP) moiety, which induced good stability in several aqueous with different pH value. Furthermore, the end-capped TPP moiety showed weak interaction with lysozyme, which could modulate the emission signals of DCPOP. As a result, DCPOP could detect the lysozyme in both PBS buffer and real urine samples.
关键词： Fluorescent sensor,Near-infrared (NIR),Dicyano-methylene-4H-pyran-phenol (DCPO),Triphenyl phosphate end-cap,Lysozyme (Lys)
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Rapid, non-destructive determination of ginseng seed moisture content by near infrared spectroscopy technology
摘要： Ginseng seed moisture content (SMC) determination and monitoring are of great importance during seed storage and in trading. The traditional oven-drying method for SMC measurement is accurate but takes both time and labour. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid and non-destructive method for ginseng SMC determination using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Eighteen freshly harvested seed lots stored for different periods (days) were used for NIR model development and 12 commercial seed lots were used for validation of the model. The model developed in the present work had an R2 of 0.9913, residual prediction deviation (RPD) of 11.3 and low root mean square errors assessed by cross-validation (RMSECV; 0.387%). For commercial seed lot measurement, the predicted values of SMC were nearly the same as measured ones, with the relative differences less than 2.96%. In conclusion, NIR spectroscopy suitable for rapid and nondestructive determination of ginseng SMC.
关键词： near infrared spectroscopy,seed moisture content,ginseng
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52