研究目的
To synthesize well-dispersed and uniform spherical Zn3Ga2Ge2O10:Cr3+ particles with high brightness and long NIR persistent luminescence for in vivo bio-imaging applications, and to investigate the effects of composition and synthesis parameters on their properties.
研究成果
Spinel-structured Zn3Ga2Ge2O10:Cr3+ monospheres were successfully synthesized hydrothermally with citric anions, exhibiting strong NIR persistent luminescence at 696 nm and rechargeability. The optimal Zn content is y=3.0 for deepest traps and best performance. Surface-functionalized ZGGC-NH2 shows low toxicity, effective in vitro and in vivo imaging, and potential for long-term bio-imaging applications with repeated recharge using red LED light.
研究不足
The synthesis requires careful control of parameters like Cit3- concentration, pH, temperature, and time to achieve uniform spheres. The luminescence intensity is quenched in aqueous solutions, and the particles may accumulate in specific organs like lungs, liver, and spleen, limiting distribution. The rechargeability depends on external light sources, and long-term toxicity beyond 24 hours is not assessed.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
A hydrothermal method with citric anions (Cit3-) assistance was used for synthesis, followed by calcination. Surface functionalization with APTES was performed for biocompatibility. Various parameters like Cit3- concentration, pH, temperature, and time were varied to study morphology and properties.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Samples were synthesized with different Zn contents (y=2.8, 3.0, 3.2) and under different hydrothermal conditions. Data were obtained from characterization techniques including XRD, XPS, FT-IR, FE-SEM, TEM, fluorospectrophotometry, thermoluminescence, UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, and in vivo imaging.
3：8, 0, 2) and under different hydrothermal conditions. Data were obtained from characterization techniques including XRD, XPS, FT-IR, FE-SEM, TEM, fluorospectrophotometry, thermoluminescence, UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, and in vivo imaging. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment includes XRD (SmartLab, Rigaku), XPS (Axis Supra, Kratos), FT-IR (Nicolet iS5, Thermo Fisher), FE-SEM (JSM-7001F, JEOL), TEM (JEM-2000FX, JEOL), fluorospectrophotometer (FP-8600, Jasco), spectrophotometer (JY FL3-21, Horiba), TL spectrometer (FJ-427A, Beijing Nuclear Instrument Factory), UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer (UV-3600 Plus, Shimadzu), confocal microscope (LEICA TCS SP2), in vivo imaging system (Kodak FX Pro), incubator (Thermo), microplate reader (Thermo), and red LED lamp (6W). Materials include Zn(NO3)3·6H2O, Ga2O3, GeO2, Cr(NO3)3·9H2O, citric acid, sodium hydroxide, DMF, APTES, and cell culture reagents.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Hydrothermal synthesis at specified conditions, calcination at 800°C, surface functionalization steps, cytotoxicity assay using CCK-8 kit, cell imaging with HEK293T cells, and in vivo imaging in mice with subcutaneous or intravenous injection of ZGGC-NH2, followed by excitation with UV or red LED light and signal detection.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
XRD for phase identification, XPS for elemental analysis, FT-IR for functional groups, electron microscopy for morphology, spectroscopy for luminescence properties, TL for trap depth estimation, and statistical analysis for cytotoxicity and imaging data.
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XRD
SmartLab
Rigaku
Phase identification of synthesized materials
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FT-IR Spectrometer
Nicolet iS5
Thermo Fisher Scientific
Analysis of functional groups via KBr method
-
FE-SEM
JSM-7001F
JEOL
Morphology observation of products
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TEM
JEM-2000FX
JEOL
High-resolution imaging and selected-area electron diffraction
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Fluorospectrophotometer
FP-8600
Jasco
Photoluminescence analysis
-
UV-Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer
UV-3600 Plus
Shimadzu
Diffuse reflectance and absorption spectroscopy
-
Confocal Microscope
LEICA TCS SP2
Leica
Cell imaging
-
XPS
Axis Supra
Kratos Analytical
Elemental analysis and binding energy measurement
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Spectrophotometer
JY FL3-21
Horiba
Persistent luminescence analysis
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TL Spectrometer
FJ-427A
Beijing Nuclear Instrument Factory
Thermoluminescence glow curve measurement
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In-Vivo Imaging System
Kodak FX Pro
Kodak
In vivo bio-imaging and afterglow detection
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Incubator
Thermo
Cell culture at 37°C with 5% CO2
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Microplate Reader
Thermo
Absorbance measurement for cytotoxicity assay
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Red LED Lamp
In situ excitation for rechargeability
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