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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Multi-Band Optical Systems to Enable Ultra-High Speed Transmissions
摘要： Current forecasts indicate that the fastest growing IP-traf?c is in metro and data center interconnect (DCI) [1]. The exploitation of the entire low-loss spectrum of single-mode ?bers (SMF) (from 1260 nm up to 1620 nm) was proposed to avoid the predictable capacity crunch and the eventual need for a new ?bre infrastructure roll-out. First analytic result considering multi-band (MB) transmission (from O- to L-band) hint an achievable traf?c load exceeding 200 Tb/s for a 500 km link in a single SMF [2]. The maximum transmittable capacity over ITU-T G.652D SMF, which is the mainly deployed ?ber type [3], is evaluated in this work. Three different ?ber span lengths are considered: 40 km, 60 km and 80 km. A high level overview of the MB setup is depicted in Fig. 1 (left). The system is composed of a MB transmission bench composed of {L, C, S, E, O}-band transmitters. 50 GHz spaced polarization multiplexed (PM)-MQAM signals with root raised cosine shaping (roll-off = 0.15) and a symbol rate of 32 Gbaud are multiplexed and launched into the ?ber link. A 2 nm guard-band between adjacent bands is assumed. At the receiver side, the bands are de-multiplexed, ampli?ed and then demodulated. We assume lumped ampli?ers: Praseodymium doped ?bre ampli?er(DFA) in O-band [4], Bismuth DFA in E-band [5], Thulium DFA in S-band [6] and Erbium DFA in C- and L-bands. A noise ?gure of 6, 5.5, 7, 6 and 7 dB are assumed for {L, C, S, E, O}-band ampli?ers, respectively. The wavelength ranges and number of channels in each band are reported in Table 1. The local-optimization global-optimization (LOGO) approach [7] is employed to optimize the launched power. The overall signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) is estimated considering the impact of non-linear interference (NLI) which is evaluated using the generalized Gaussian noise (GGN) model [8]. The GGN model takes into account the frequency dependence of the ?ber loss, the chromatic dispersion and the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). Finally, the achievable capacity assuming a ?exible transceiver capable to completely exploit the available SNR is computed.
关键词： ultra-high speed transmissions,ITU-T G.652D SMF,capacity crunch,single-mode fibers,multi-band optical systems
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Modification of cellulose fibers with inorganic luminescent nanoparticles based on lanthanide(III) ions
摘要： This article presents synthesis and properties of the fibers modified with luminescent, inorganic nanoparticles doped with lanthanide(III) ions, i.e. LaF3:Ce3+, Gd3+, Eu3+, CeF3:Tb3+ and CePO4:Tb3+. The fibers with luminescent properties were prepared via so called Lyocell process. This method involves dissolving cellulose in aqueous solution of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) and a subsequent spinning of the fibers, using a dry-wet method. Thanks to the successful incorporation of the modifier nanoparticles (NPs) into the cellulose matrices, the fibers exhibited bright, multicolor emission upon UV irradiation and good mechanical properties, which allowed further textile processing. This type of fibers, as well as the as-prepared textiles/fabric can be used as an anti-counterfeiting agent for clothes and documents protection.
关键词： Lanthanide(III) ions,Luminescence,Multifunctional cellulose fibers
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Scenarios and Economic Analysis of Fronthaul in 5G Optical Networks
摘要： This work presents a techno-economical comparison between different emerging architectural approaches for 5G networks: C-RAN, centralized, where a BBU hotel collects several streams, able to meet challenging requirements imposed by emerging 5G technology and DA-RAN, considered as an evolution of C-RAN, where resources are disaggregated in order to satisfy the requirements of different applications. Main results, obtained by an analytical evaluation of the cost of a metropolitan area network, show that disaggregating the hardware and software radio access network brings architectural and functional advantages, able to better meet the bandwidth and latency requirements imposed by the 5G verticals. Once analyzed the validness of the solution, we provide a cost analysis that firstly demonstrates that DA-RAN also brings economic advantages w.r.t. C-RAN. Furthermore, observing that the predominant share of the cost of the solution is given by the fiber of the local loop, we evaluate the introduction of TWDM PON in this area in order to share the fiber and reduce the cost of the network.
关键词： TWDM PON,radio access network architecture,Optical fibers,5G mobile communication,Cost benefit analysis
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 EMF-Med 1st World Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF-Med) - Split, Croatia (2018.9.10-2018.9.13)] 2018 EMF-Med 1st World Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF-Med) - Electrical stimulation increases schwann cells proliferation inside hyaluronic acid conduits
摘要： After nerve injury in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), application of an appropriate electrical stimulation (ES) may increase the rate and success of nerve repair. Tubular structures to mimic nervous tracts have been conducted with promising results. Schwann cells (SCs) are the main supportive cells of neurons in the PNS. In this work, we used hyaluronic acid (HA) tubular scaffolds with SCs and applied two different current intensities (450 μA and 900 μA) in order to study their effects on cells behaviour. Our data showed a beneficial effect of ES on cell number when applying a current of 450 μA. The application of tissue engineering and ES may accelerate and increase functional recovery in the PNS.
关键词： hyaluronic acid,poly-lactic fibers,electrical stimulation,nerve guidance conduit,neural differentiation
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Use of a new agricultural product as thermal insulation for solar collector
摘要： Sources of clean energy are becoming increasingly common, and the use of solar thermal energy has also been rising. This paper presents a solar air heater designed with a vegetable material as insulating material, date palm wood, widespread in tropical and saharan countries for use in drying. The study focuses on the comparative thermal performance of this collector and another collectors identical in design, fabrication, and operating under the same conditions, using glass wool as heat insulation. The thermal efficiencies of differents insulators collectors were performed : a) insulator with Petiole Piece, b) insulator with Fibers Piece, c) insulator with Petiole powder, d) insulator with Fibers powder, e) insulator with Petiole + gypsum, f) insulator with Fibers + gypsum insulatin and collector with glass wool insulation were evaluated and graphs were plotted. The final resuls showed that thermal efficiencies of date palm wood (Petiole + gypsum) insulated collector was 37.7 % higher than glass wool insulated collector. The average outlet air temperature of glass wool insulated was 7 % lower than Petiole + gypsum insulated collector. Hence the date palm wood is a good candidate for the development of efficient and safe insulating materials.
关键词： Solar collector,date palm petiole,thermal insulation,gypsum,date palm fibers,glass wool
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018) - Paris, France (2018.7.8-2018.7.13)] 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018) - Detection and Evaluation of Fiber Noise Induced in Ultra-Stable Environments
摘要： We investigated phase noise induced in a piece of optical fiber installed in an ultra-stable environment. The ultra-stable environments were implemented by hermetically sealing, vacuuming, temperature stabilization, vibration isolation, and acoustic shielding. Moreover, in order to detect and evaluate such small fiber noise with high sensitivity, we employed the well-known self-heterodyne technique. The most stable environment drastically reduced the phase noise induced in a 10-m fiber; the noise corresponds to Allan deviation of 7 × 10?20 at 1-s averaging time, and to 2 × 10?21 at 10000-s averaging time (measurement bandwidth: 500 Hz).
关键词： Phase noise,Laser stability,Optical fibers,Noise measurement,Optical metrology,Interferometers
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Patterned fiber formation
摘要： The ability of liquid crystalline materials to order spontaneously has driven many innovations, from display technologies to extremely tough polymer fibers. Cheng et al. exploited this preponderance toward long-range ordering to direct the growth of nonliquid crystalline polymers into sheets of highly ordered fibers. Small changes to the processing conditions could be used to tweak the arrangement of the liquid crystals to generate a wide range of polymer mats or sheets for potential use in sensing or filtration applications.
关键词： polymer fibers,liquid crystalline materials,sensing,filtration
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Application of spectroelectroanalysis for the quantitative determination of mixtures of compounds with highly overlapping signals
摘要： The amount of qualitative and quantitative information provided by a UV?vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) experiment is sometimes wasted. However, almost all electrochemical and spectroscopic data can provide valuable information. In this spirit, the main objective proposed in this work is the quantitative resolution of catechol/dopamine (CAT/DA) and dopamine/epinephrine (DA/EP) mixtures, using spectroelectrochemical sensors in long optical path length arrangement based on bare optical fibers in parallel configuration with respect to carbon nanotubes or screen-printed electrodes. These compounds show extremely similar electrochemical and spectroscopic responses at high acidic pH, being impossible to determine their concentrations in the mixtures just using univariate regression models. To our knowledge, the SEC ability to resolve complex mixtures has never been demonstrated before with signals with this degree of overlapping. The quantitative analysis of these mixtures is possible using multivariate regression analysis of a set of time-resolved spectroelectrochemical data with a powerful statistical tool such as parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). PARAFAC enables us to extract all the information from the experiments, allowing us to quantify the different analytes in mixtures of varying concentrations with excellent results. This milestone for spectroelectroanalysis illustrates the expected capabilities of SEC and demonstrates experimentally the potential of this technique for sensing of biomolecules.
关键词： screen-printed electrodes,dopamine,optical fibers,epinephrine,carbon nanotubes,spectroelectrochemistry
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Tailoring Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Threads During Assembly
摘要： Spinnable carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are useful formats for studying physical properties of CNT fiber assemblies in their pristine states. They are free of catalyst, uniform in length, with a comparatively narrow diameter distribution, and their assembly into thread does not require additional chemicals or solvents. Good quality drawable CNT arrays can be readily assembled into uniform diameter threads with great control over the number of CNTs incorporated into the thread assembly. This uniformity allows study the physical properties that result from changes that occur during thread formation. Here, we report trends of electrical resistivity and mechanical strength that resulted from alterations in their manufacturing parameters, allowing to change intrinsic physical properties of a material such as electrical resistivity. We correlate the electrical resistivity and mechanical strength as a function of diameter, density, and turns/meter. Understanding the effects of dry-spinning parameters will allow a better design of the physical properties of CNT threads for specific applications, such as strain or electrochemical sensors.
关键词： resistivity,threads,and twist angle.,fibers,yarns,Carbon nanotubes,diameter control
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Bucharest (2018.7.1-2018.7.5)] 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Time Domain Modeling of Multimode Selenide-Chalcogenide Glass Fiber Based Mid Infrared Spontaneous Emission Sources
摘要： We develop time domain models of selenide-chalcogenide glass fiber based MIR spontaneous emission sources. The modeling parameters used are derived from experimentally obtained data. The models are based on the rate equations’ approach to simulate the distribution of ions between the relevant energy levels. The optical power distribution within the fiber is calculated by solving a set of partial differential equations using specially developed finite difference schemes that allow for a direct inclusion of the step discontinuities appearing at the fiber facets. The results obtained allow for a thorough analysis of luminescence from lanthanide ion doped chalcogenide fibers.
关键词： mid infrared photonics,chalcogenide glass fibers,numerical modelling
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36