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Conjugated Polymer–Assisted Grain Boundary Passivation for Efficient Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Grain boundaries in lead halide perovskite films lead to increased recombination losses and decreased device stability under illumination due to defect-mediated ion migration. The effect of a conjugated polymer additive, poly(bithiophene imide) (PBTI), is investigated in the antisolvent treatment step in the perovskite film deposition by comprehensive characterization of perovskite film properties and the performance of inverted planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). PBTI is found to be incorporated within grain boundaries, which results in an improvement in perovskite film crystallinity and reduced defects. The successful defect passivation by PBTI yields reduces recombination losses and consequently increases power conversion efficiency (PCE). In addition, it gives rise to improved photoluminescence stability and improved PSC stability under illumination which can be attributed to reduced ion migration. The optimal devices exhibit a PCE of 20.67% compared to 18.89% of control devices without PBTI, while they retain over 70% of the initial efficiency after 600 h under 1 sun illumination compared to 56% for the control devices.
关键词： halide perovskites,conjugated polymers,grain boundary passivation,nickel oxide
更新于2025-11-20 15:33:11
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Investigation of sol-gel and nanoparticle-based NiOx hole transporting layer for high-performance planar perovskite solar cells
摘要： We conduct a comprehensive study on and comparison of sol-gel and nanoparticles (NPs)-based nickel oxide hole-transporting layer (HTL) for high-performance planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The characteristics and film properties of sol-gel and NPs were systemically investigated using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL), and its effect on device-performance was also examined using J-V characteristics, quantum-efficiency, and the VOC dependence of the light intensity. Through this comparison of two types of HTL and their device-performances, these studies can provide sufficient and robust information for nickel oxide-based PSCs, and furthermore, the overall results and discussions can be useful for high-performance PSCs.
关键词： Nickel oxide,Planar perovskite solar cells,Hole transporting layer,Sol-gel,Nanoparticles
更新于2025-11-19 16:46:39
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Conductive electrodes based on Ni–graphite core–shell nanoparticles for heterojunction solar cells
摘要： Ni–graphite core–shell nanoparticles (CSNPs), which consisted of Ni nanoparticles (NPs) wrapped with several graphene layers, were grown by the thermal reduction of NiO NPs using H2. The effect of the synthesis temperature (800, 900, 1000, and 1100 °C) on the formation of multilayer graphene shells on the Ni core NPs was investigated to evaluate the structural and electrical characteristics of the particles. The proposed chemical reactions for the formation of Ni NPs can be summarized as follows: formation of liquid Ni by the reduction of NiO, thermal decomposition of the NiO phase, and formation of multilayer graphene shell because of the supersaturation of C in the liquid Ni phase. The resistivity of the electrode pattern fabricated with the Ni–graphite CSNP paste was found to be 6.75 × 10?3 ?·cm. Further, the power conversion efficiency of bulk heterojunction solar cells fabricated with the Ni–graphite CSNPs is higher than that of cells fabricated without the Ni- graphite CSNPs. Thus, our Ni–graphite CSNPs can be employed as a highly efficient electrode material in bulk heterojunction solar cells.
关键词： Thermal reduction,Core–shell structure,Nickel oxide nanoparticle,Graphite,Graphene
更新于2025-11-14 17:04:02
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Evolution of the infrared emissivity of Ni during thermal oxidation until oxide layer opacity
摘要： The mid-infrared (3–22 μm) emissivity of high-purity Ni has been studied in its pure state, during an isothermal oxidation in air at 730 °C and in the fully oxidized state. Measurements in pure Ni were performed in Ar between 200 and 800 °C and a change of slope in the temperature dependence of the total normal emissivity around its Curie temperature (354 °C) was observed. An oxidation process was carried out at 730 °C for 33 days, when the emissivity stopped evolving and the results were representative of NiO. During the ?rst stages, the emissivity evolved forming the usual interference patterns of semi-transparent ?lms. A mixture of oscillatory and monotonic behaviours of the emissivity as a function of wavelength and oxide layer thickness was found, which manifests as a non-trivial evolution of the total normal emissivity, di?erent than that reported in previous studies. Finally, the emissivity of NiO was measured from below its Néel temperature (252 °C) to 850 °C. It showed the typical shape of a ceramic material with an extra vibrational mode due to two-phonon processes and an additional absorption band around 5 μm in the antiferromagnetic phase produced by magnons. The temperature dependence of its total normal emissivity di?ers signi?cantly from that of a lightly oxidized nickel sample from the literature. Overall, the in?uence of the surface characteristics on the thermal radiative properties of oxidized Ni is thoroughly discussed and highlights the importance of accounting for all possible sources of infrared emissivity evolution in order to make accurate radiative heat transfer calculations.
关键词： Nickel oxide,Infrared emissivity,Radiometry,Radiative heat transfer,Magnetic phase transition,Nickel,Oxidation
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Enhanced Photosensitization by Carbon Dots Co-adsorbing with Dye on p-Type Semiconductor (Nickel Oxide) Solar Cells
摘要： In this work, the effect of carbon dots (C-dots) on the performance of NiO-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was explored. NiO nanoparticles (NPs) with a rectangular shape (average size: 11.4 x 16.5 nm) were mixed with C-dots, which were synthesized from citric acid (CA) and ethylenediamine (EDA). A photocathode consisting of a composite of C-dots with NiO NPs (NiO@C-dots) was then used to measure the photovoltaic performance of a DSSC. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.85 % (430 nm LED@50 mWcm-2) was achieved by a DSSC fabricated via the adsorption of N719 sensitizer with a C-dot content of 12.5 wt% at a 1.5:1 EDA:CA molar ratio. This PCE value was far larger than the PCE value (2.44 or 0.152 %) obtained for a NiO DSSC prepared without the addition of C-dots or N719, respectively, indicating the synergetic effect by the co-adsorption of C-dots and N719. This synergetically higher PCE of the NiO@C-dots-based DSSC was due to the larger amount of sensitizer adsorbed onto the composites with a larger specific surface area and the faster charge transfer in the NiO@C-dots working electrode. In addition, the C-dots bound onto the NiO NPs shorten the bandgap of the NiO NPs due to energy transfer and give rise to faster charge separation in the electrode. The most important fact is that C-dots are the main sensitizer and N719 tightly adsorbed on C-dots and NiO behaves as an accelerator of a positive electron transfer and a restrainer of the electron-hole recombination. These results reveal that C-dots are a remarkable enhancer for NiO NPs in DSSCs, and that NiO@C-dots are the promising photovoltaic-electrode materials for DSSCs.
关键词： dye-sensitized solar cell,power conversion efficiency,nickel oxide@carbon dots composite,Nickel oxide,carbon dot
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Electrochromic Nickel Oxide Films for Smart Window Applications
摘要： In this study, nickel oxide films were prepared through an electrodeposition technique. NiO films were fabricated on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) supports by cycling the potential between two different sets of limits. The electrodeposition technique which involved using the shorter potential limits was denoted as deposition process 1 and the technique using the wider potential limits was called deposition process 2. Subsequently, the films fabricated by the two deposition process were evaluated as electrochromic materials. The results show that the Colouration Efficiency (CE) values achieved for the deposition process 1 and 2 were 49 cm2 C-1 and 10 cm2 C-1, respectively. The switching times of the film made by the first deposition process were also calculated, as this film showed improved electrochromic capabilities. The coloration and bleaching switching times for this NiO film are 5.7 and 7.4 seconds, respectively. The improved electrochromic results for the film fabricated by deposition process 1 may be due to the smaller potential deposition window as it produced a thinner film with no traces of sulphate ions on the film’s surface compared to the other NiO film produced by the second electrodeposition technique. The films are characterized by SEM-EDX, Raman spectroscopy and XPS. The regeneration of the bleach state was shown to be hindered. This may be due to conductive pathways involved in the reduction of the coloured state being blocked. Raman spectroscopy was used to determine the presence of both the Ni(OH)2 and NiOOH after the reduction event.
关键词： XPS,Nickel Oxide,Electrochromic,Electrodeposition,Raman,Coloured,Bleached
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Low-Temperature (<40 ?°C) Atmospheric-Pressure Dielectric-Barrier-Discharge-Jet Treatment on Nickel Oxide for pa??ia??n Structure Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： A scan-mode low-temperature (<40 °C) atmospheric-pressure helium (He) dielectric-barrier discharge jet (DBDjet) is applied to treat nickel oxide (NiO) thin films for p?i?n perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Reactive plasma species help reduce the trap density, improve the transmittance and wettability, and deepen the valence band maximum (VBM) level. A NiO surface with the lower trap density surface of NiO allows better interfacial contact with the MAPbI3 layer and increases the carrier extraction capability. MAPbI3 can better crystallize on a more hydrophilic NiO surface, thereby suppressing charge recombination from the grain boundary and the interface. Further, the deeper VBM allows better band alignment and reduces the probability of nonradiative recombination. NiO treatment using He DBDjet with a scan rate of 0.3 cm/s can improve PSC efficiency from 13.63 to 14.88%.
关键词： atmospheric-pressure,perovskite solar cells,low-temperature,dielectric-barrier-discharge-jet,nickel oxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A salt-resistant Janus evaporator assembled from ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires and nickel oxide for efficient and recyclable solar desalination
摘要： Solar energy-driven interfacial water evaporation is a promising energy utilization technology in the field of seawater desalination and water purification. However, the accumulation of salt on the heating surface severely impairs the water evaporation performance and long-time stability. Herein, we demonstrate a new kind of photothermal paper comprising a high-temperature-resistant paper made from ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires and glass fibers and black nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles for solar energy-driven desalination. Owing to the high photothermal conversion ability, fast water transportation in the air-laid paper, and good heat insulation, the hydrophilic HN/NiO photothermal paper can achieve efficient, stable and recyclable water evaporation performance. In addition, a Janus HN/NiO photothermal paper based on hydrophobic sodium oleate-modified ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires has been developed, and it has a high water evaporation efficiency of 83.5% under 1 kW m?2 irradiation. In particular, with the bottom hydrophobic ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowire layer and water-transporting channels in the air-laid paper to facilitate salt exchange, the as-prepared Janus evaporator exhibits no salt accumulation on the surface, high performance and long-time stable desalination using simulated seawater (3.5 wt% NaCl). Furthermore, the Janus evaporator with the hydrophobic ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowire substrate can be extended to support other photothermal materials such as black titanium oxide (Ti2O3) and Ketjen black carbon. The as-prepared Janus HN/Ti2O3 and Janus HN/KB photothermal paper also exhibit salt-resistant desalination function. The as-prepared Janus salt-resistant photothermal paper with efficient, stable and recyclable merits has great potential in solar energy-driven desalination and water purification.
关键词： desalination,interfacial water evaporation,water purification,solar energy-driven,photothermal paper,ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires,nickel oxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Thickness-dependent hole-blocking capability of RF-sputtered nickel oxide compact layers in dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： Photo-generated charge carrier recombination in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is observed to be suppressed significantly at the interface between transparent fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) by coating nickel oxide (NiO) thin film by RF sputtering. UV-Visible optical absorption spectroscopic measurements performed in the wavelength window of 300–800 nm showed ~ 60% average transmittance for NiO thin films coated for 10 min. The calculated optical bandgap value for NiO was 3.4 eV. The RF-sputtered NiO films were thoroughly characterized by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy to examine Ni 2p3/2 and Ni 2p1/2 along with O 1s. The present study assessed the effect of 5, 10, and 15 min RF-sputtered NiO thin films at the interface between FTO and mesoporous TiO2. Results showed that charge transport in DSSCs is highly sensitive to NiO thickness at the interface between FTO and TiO2. It was specifically noticed that 10 min coating of NiO on FTO yielded DSSCs with photo-conversion efficiency (η) of ~ 6.8% while DSSCs with no NiO on FTO showed only 4.9%. Further increase in NiO thickness affected the performance of DSSCs due to the significant reduction in tunneling probability from TiO2 to FTO.
关键词： Interfaces,Recombination,Nickel oxide,Charge transport,Dye-sensitized solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Arbitrary control of the diffusion potential between a plasmonic metal and a semiconductor by an angstrom-thick interface dipole layer
摘要： Localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) are gaining considerable attention due to the unique far-field and near-field optical properties and applications. Additionally, the Fermi energy, which is the chemical potential, of plasmonic nanoparticles is one of the key properties to control hot-electron and -hole transfer at the interface between plasmonic nanoparticles and a semiconductor. In this article, we tried to control the diffusion potential of the plasmonic system by manipulating the interface dipole. We fabricated solid-state photoelectric conversion devices in which gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) are located between strontium titanate (SrTiO3) as an electron transfer material and nickel oxide (NiO) as a hole transport material. Lanthanum aluminate as an interface dipole layer was deposited on the atomic layer scale at the three-phase interface of Au-NPs, SrTiO3, and NiO, and the effect was investigated by photoelectric measurements. Importantly, the diffusion potential between the plasmonic metal and a semiconductor can be arbitrarily controlled by the averaged thickness and direction of the interface dipole layer. The insertion of an only one unit cell (uc) interface dipole layer, whose thickness was less than 0.5 nm, dramatically controlled the diffusion potential formed between the plasmonic nanoparticles and surrounding media. This is a new methodology to control the plasmonic potential without applying external stimuli, such as an applied potential or photoirradiation, and without changing the base materials. In particular, it is very beneficial for plasmonic devices in that the interface dipole has the ability not only to decrease but also to increase the open-circuit voltage on the order of several hundreds of millivolts.
关键词： interface dipole,Fermi energy,strontium titanate,nickel oxide,hole transfer,hot-electron,lanthanum aluminate,gold nanoparticles,photoelectric conversion,Localized surface plasmon resonances
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57