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Tailoring PEDOT:PSS polymer electrode for solution-processed inverted organic solar cells
摘要： The review of this paper was arranged by A. Zaslavsky. Conductivity and work function of the conductive polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), has been investigated for a top electrode of the solution-processed organic solar cells (OPV). It has been found that both conductivity and work function could be changed by adjusting the mixing ratio of different commercial grade PEDOT:PSS such as PH 1000 and AI 4083. A 2:1 vol ratio of PH 1000 and AI 4083 mixture provided the conductivity of 443 S/cm (corresponding sheet resistance (Rsh) of 260 Ω/sq) and the work function of 5.09 eV. Therefore, this PEDOT:PSS mixture may work as both a hole transport layer (HTL) and anode electrode of the OPV. For verifying, all-solution-processed bulk heterojunction (BHJ) inverted OPVs were fabricated using developed PEDOT:PSS conductive polymers as both HTL and anode top electrode. Under the AM1.5G spectrum calibrated 100 mW/cm2 illumination, fabricated all-solution-processed OPV provides a best photo-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.04% accounted from an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 576 mV, a short circuit current (Jsc) of 6.91 mA/cm2, and a fill factor (FF) of 51.2%. In addition, the final OPV exhibits semitransparency due to no metal electrode on top and transparency of the conductive polymer.
关键词： Organic photovoltaics,Semitransparency,All-solution-process,Work function,Conductivity,PEDOT:PSS
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Analysis on different detection mechanisms involved in ZnO-based photodetector and photodiodes
摘要： The present study reports on the comparison between the ultraviolet (UV) light detection mechanisms in ZnO-based photodetectors and ZnO/PEDOT:PSS hybrid photodiodes. Using spray pyrolysis method, ZnO thin films were deposited upon glass substrates. The deposition temperature was varied from 350 to 425 °C and the physical properties of ZnO thin films were investigated. The structural analysis reveals that all the prepared ZnO thin films have a preferred orientation along the (002) plane with hexagonal wurtzite structure. The morphological analysis reveals that the grains are uniformly distributed. Electrical properties reveal that the ZnO thin film deposited at 425 °C shows a higher carrier concentration of 3.76 × 1016 cm?3 with low electrical resistivity value of 2.59 × 102 ? cm. For fabrication of UV photodetectors, the optimum ZnO layer with good electrical and optical property was deposited on ITO substrate with substrate temperature maintained at 425 °C. For the fabrication of hybrid UV photodiodes, poly (3,4 ethylene dioxythiophene):poly (styrene sulphonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and zinc oxide (ZnO) was used as the hole and electron transporting layers, respectively. The current–voltage (I–V) and photoresponse switching characteristics under UV light of the fabricated ZnO-based photodetector and photodiodes were studied and the detection mechanisms of such devices were analysed. It was observed that the ZnO-based photodiodes show higher photoresponsivity (R) value of 0.25 A/W with fast photoresponse switching speed.
关键词： UV light detection,PEDOT:PSS,ZnO,photodetector,spray pyrolysis,photodiodes
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Percolation dependent conducting behavior of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly (styrenesulfonate) in the presence of cationic polyelectrolyte
摘要： Conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin films is highly modified in the presence of cationic polyelectrolyte poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC). In-plane electrical conductivity of the thin films of PEDOT:PSS and PDADMAC complex (designated as PED*PDA) are measured for one to five layers, i.e., (PED*PDA)1 to (PED*PDA)5 films prepared by spin-coating method and compared with the pristine PEDOT:PSS films. In addition, PDADMAC and PEDOT:PSS is spin coated on each other to form a bilayer unit (designated as PDA/PED) and one to five layers of such PDA/PED unit, i.e., (PDA/PED)1 to (PDA/PED)5 films are formed by alternate deposition and the conductivity is compared with the complex films. In-plane conductivity of PED*PDA is drastically higher than the pristine PEDOT:PSS and is nearly independent of the layer number, i.e., thickness of the film. However, for PDA/PED films, behavior of conductivity is different in comparison with that of the complex films as the conductivity is found to increase for (PDA/PED)1 to (PDA/PED)2 and then decreases from (PDA/PED)3 to (PDA/PED)5 respectively. With the increase of the applying voltage, the linear nature of I-V curves remain unchanged. The structure, morphology and mechanism of conductivity enhancement are investigated through various characterization techniques. The strong electrostatic attachment between anionic PSS part of PEDOT:PSS and cationic PDADMAC is responsible for the drastic enhancement of conductivity as the percolation pathway enhances.
关键词： PEDOT:PSS,Thin films,Polyelectrolyte,FTIR,Electrical behavior,XRD
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Highly efficient sandwich structured Perovskite solar cell using PEDOT:PSS in room ambient conditions
摘要： In recent years, Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have garnered immense popularity in the field of photovoltaics, due to its efficiency comparable to silicon solar cells and its ease of processing makes it cost effective. Owing to the vast scope of organic–inorganic metal halides in the field of Perovskite Solar Cell, we have designed and fabricated a sandwiched methyl ammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) based PSC using PEDOT: PSS as hole transport material (HTM) in room ambient condition. The PSC with architecture of FTO/TiO2/Perovskite/PEDOT: PSS/Pt, show a high efficiency of 15.24% at one sun condition. Owing to the fact that most of PSC are unstable at room ambient, our PSC affirms a stability of two hours, at room environment. In recent years, for the first time such high efficiency of PSC is reported in sandwich structure in ambient conditions. Since it is completely based on solution processing with no usage of vacuum deposition, it is very cost effective.
关键词： Perovskite,PEDOT: PSS,Sandwich structure,HTM
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Vacuuma??Free, Alla??Solution, and Alla??Air Processed Organic Photovoltaics with over 11% Efficiency and Promoted Stability Using Layera??bya??Layer Codoped Polymeric Electrodes
摘要： Nonfullerene organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have achieved breakthrough with pushing the efficiency exceeding 15%. While this shed light on OPV commercialization, high cost associated to the scalable device fabrications remains a giant challenge. Herein, we report a vacuum-free, all-solution and all-air processed OPV that yields 11.12% efficiency with fill factor of 0.725, thanks to the usages of high-merit polymeric electrodes and modified active blends. The design principle toward the high-merit electrodes is to induce a heavy acid doping into the matrices for a raised carrier concentration and mobility, make a large removal of insulating components in the whole matrices rather than surfaces, and restrain the formation of large-domain aggregates. A unique layer-by-layer doping was developed to enable the polymeric electrodes with record-high trade-offs between optical transmittance and electrical conductivity. Moreover, solvent vapor annealing was proposed to boost device efficiency and it has the advantages of finely adjusting the active blend morphology and raising the electron mobility. The resulting devices were highly efficient and they maintained most (~91%) of the initial efficiency in 30 day storage. This work gives the bright future for making cost-effective all-solution processed OPVs in air.
关键词： all-solution and all-air processing,PEDOT:PSS,vacuum-free,organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Large Performance Enhancement in All-Solution-Processed, Full-Color, Inverted Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Using Graphene Oxide-Doped Hole Injection Layer
摘要： Solution-processed hole injection layers (HILs) for full-color, inverted quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are developed by simply incorporating the graphene oxide (GO) into poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). The excellent wettability of the GO-doped PEDOT:PSS mixture facilitates the effective deposition of HIL onto the organic underlayer. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy characterization reveal that the GO-doped PEDOT:PSS HIL possesses the advantages of increased work function and improved conductivity. Thus, the GO-doped PEDOT:PSS HIL can promote hole injection from the top anode into the device by reducing the hole injection barrier and sheet resistance. As a result, by using the GO-doped PEDOT:PSS HIL, we have successfully demonstrated highly bright all-solution-processed, full-color, inverted QLEDs showing remarkably enhanced luminance of 142165, 63318, and 3019 cd/m2 for green, red, and blue devices, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the green device’s luminance is the best for all-solution-processed inverted green QLEDs. These results suggest that the GO-doped PEDOT:PSS is a promising candidate for high-quality HIL in all-solution-processed QLEDs with an inverted structure.
关键词： Optical,Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes,Hole Injection Layer,Plasmonics,Magnetic,Hybrid Materials,Graphene Oxide,PEDOT:PSS
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Boosted efficiency of conductive metal oxide-free pervoskite solar cells using poly[3-(4-methylamincarboxylbutyl)thiophene] buffer layers
摘要： Owing to low work functions of transparent anodes and poor contact issues at interfaces, the p-i-n conductive metal oxide (CMO)-free perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) commonly suffered from a limited power conversion efficiency. Herein, we reported an efficient CMO-free PVSC using poly[3-(4-methylamincarboxylbutyl)thiophene] (P3CT-N) modified poly(3,4-ethylenedioxylenethiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) anodes. The contact angle between PEDOT:PSS anodes and P3CT-N buffer layers tended to be 0o for an intimate contact. Meanwhile, the work function of the PEDOT:PSS anodes coated with P3CT-N is as high as -5.11 eV, which substantially accounted for the raised ability of hole transport. All the parameters (i.e., open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and fill factor) were improved simultaneously. As a result, the efficiency of the CMO-free solar cells was significantly improved from 4.63% to 13.13%. Our results indicate that P3CT-N is suitable to the highly conductive but hydrophobic PEDOT:PSS anodes for making high-efficiency CMO-free PVSCs.
关键词： work function,CMO-free,perovskite solar cells,PEDOT:PSS,P3CT-N
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Review on applications of PEDOTs and PEDOT:PSS in perovskite solar cells
摘要： Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is the most successful conducting polymer in terms of practical application. It has good film forming ability, high transparency in visible light range, high mechanical flexibility, high electrical conductivity, and good stability in air. PEDOT:PSS has wide applications in many areas. This review summarizes its new applications in perovskite solar cells and approaches to modify the PEDOT:PSS layer for better device performance with the corresponding mechanisms. The most cutting edge progresses in perovskite solar cells with PEDOT:PSS are highlighted.
关键词： hole transport layer,transparent electrode,perovskite solar cells,PEDOT:PSS,conductivity enhancement
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Solution-processable PEDOT:PSS:?±-In2Se3 with enhanced conductivity as a hole transport layer for high-performance polymer solar cells
摘要： Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets have attracted enormous attention in photovoltaic devices owing to their outstanding photoelectric properties in recent years. Herein, 2D α-In2Se3 nanosheets with higher conductivity and suitable work function are synthesized by liquid phase exfoliation method. To ameliorate the low conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) (2.21×10-3 S cm-1), α-In2Se3 nanosheets are directly added into PEDOT:PSS to obtain PEDOT:PSS:α-In2Se3 composite film. The composite film exhibits excellent optical transmittance, suitable work function, and enhanced conductivity (1.54×10-2 S cm-1). To profoundly investigate the mechanism of conductivity improvement, XPS, Raman, EPR and AFM measurements are conducted. The results show that the synergistic effect of 2D α-In2Se3 nanosheets and isopropanol/deionized water cosolvent screens the Coulombic attraction among PEDOT and PSS. The screening effect results in the partial removal of PSS and the benzoid-quinoid transition of PEDOT. In addition, α-In2Se3 nanosheets may serve as physical linkers for PEDOT chains. Both effects are beneficial to increase interfacial contact area between PEDOT chains and form a larger conductive network of PEDOT, leading to an enhanced conductivity. The composite film is first employed as a hole transport layer (HTL) in polymer solar cells (PSCs). The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PBDB-T:ITIC-based device with composite HTL is 10% higher than that of unmodified PBDB-T:ITIC-based device, and the maximum PCE of 15.89% is achieved in PM6:Y6 system. More interestingly, the stability of devices with composite HTL is improved owing to the partial removal of PSS. Thus the PEDOT:PSS:α-In2Se3 composite can be an application prospect HTL material in PSCs.
关键词： polymer solar cells,hole transport layer,α-In2Se3,PEDOT:PSS,stability
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Mechanisms for Enhanced State Retention and Stability in Redox-Gated Organic Neuromorphic Devices
摘要： Recent breakthroughs in artificial neural networks (ANNs) have spurred interest in efficient computational paradigms where the energy and time costs for training and inference are reduced. One promising contender for efficient ANN implementation is crossbar arrays of resistive memory elements that emulate the synaptic strength between neurons within the ANN. Organic nonvolatile redox memory has recently been demonstrated as a promising device for neuromorphic computing, offering a continuous range of linearly programmable resistance states and tunable electronic and electrochemical properties, opening a path toward massively parallel and energy efficient ANN implementation. However, one of the key issues with implementations relying on electrochemical gating of organic materials is the state-retention time and device stability. Here, revealed are the mechanisms leading to state loss and cycling instability in redox-gated neuromorphic devices: parasitic redox reactions and out-diffusion of reducing additives. The results of this study are used to design an encapsulation structure which shows an order of magnitude improvement in state retention and cycling stability for poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythio phene)/polyethyleneimine:poly(styrene sulfonate) devices by tuning the concentration of additives, implementing a solid-state electrolyte, and encapsulating devices in an inert environment. Finally, a comparison is made between programming range and state retention to optimize device operation.
关键词： resistive memory,PEDOT:PSS,polymer semiconductor,artificial synapse,neural network
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01