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Could a chelant improve the effect of curcumin-mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy against dental intact biofilms?
摘要： To our knowledge, there is still no evidence in relation to the combination of curcumin with chelants to improve the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on complex dental caries biofilms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of curcumin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-mediated aPDT on the vitality of intact biofilms of dentin caries microcosms. Biofilms were grown on glass slabs in McBain medium plus 1% sucrose in microaerophily at 37 °C for 5 days. Then, biofilms were treated with associations of 600 μmol L?1 curcumin combined or not with 1% EDTA and 37.5 or 75 J cm?2 LED (455 nm). The vitality was determined by a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) after staining biofilms with a mixture of 2.5 g L?1 fluorescein diacetate and 0.25 g L?1 ethidium bromide. Statistical analysis was conducted by Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Dunn’s test (P < 0.05). Three treatments were able to reduce the vitality of overall biofilms: curcumin + 75 J cm?2 LED, curcumin-EDTA + 37.5 J cm?2 LED, and curcumin-EDTA + 75 J cm?2 LED. Also, the vitality of inner layers of biofilms was significantly reduced only after the combination of aPDT with EDTA. Therefore, the association of curcumin and EDTA improved the antimicrobial effect of aPDT on dentin caries microcosms, considering the application of lower light densities and deeper layers of biofilms.
关键词： Curcumin,Biofilm,Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,Dental caries,Photochemotherapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Pain perception during photodynamic therapy: why is daylight PDT with methyl aminolevulinate almost pain-free? A review on the underlying mechanisms, clinical reflections and resulting opportunities
摘要： Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) is an established and efficacious method for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer. However, treatment of especially larger areas often leads to pain, stinging and burning sensation during illumination. the use of daylight (dl) during mal incubation was investigated in clinical trials and compared to conventional illumination with red leds. all clinical trials on MAL DL-PDT show it to be considerably and statistically significantly less associated with pain than conventional PDT while being as efficacious. Fluence rate and light dose seem to be the strongest indicators for pain during PDT. The article summarizes the current knowledge base and shows that the model is able to explain why activation by dl produces less to no pain. recent clinical trials performed in other latitudes than Northern Europe or Australia confirm that MAL DL PDT is applicable also in regions closer to the equator. MAL DL-PDT carries the potential of mal self-application by the patient. in several clinical trials, mal dl-Pdt has been compared to topical preparations being administered by the patients themselves. the results show that mal dl-Pdt is superior or at least non-inferior to the tested topical preparations and that its tolerability is better.
关键词： Photochemotherapy,actinic keratosis,methyl 5-aminolevulinate
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Structural and Functional Outcomes in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Treated with Photodynamic Therapy
摘要： Purpose: To study the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retinal alterations in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy treated with photodynamic therapy, and its correlation with functional parameters such as best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and contrast sensitivity (CS). Methods: Retrospective, noncomparative, consecutive evaluation by optical coherence tomography and its correlation with BCVA and CS in 31 eyes of 26 patients. Results: In all affected patients, 88.5% were male with a mean age of 42.9 years. The right eye was involved in 64.5% of cases, bilateral in 19% and 73.9% were hyperopic (spherical refraction between 0 and +5.0 diopters). Of these cases, 51.5% had peri-RPE abnormalities, 17.3% hyperreflective substances at RPE, 19.4% RPE atrophy, 55.3% foveolar atrophy, 3.1% pigment epithelial detachment, 5.2% subretinal fluid persistence, 8.3% fibrin deposits, 68.4% photoreceptor inner and outer segment line interruption and 31.1% external limiting membrane interruption. Conclusions: Time evolution and number of outbreaks were related to the decrease in foveal and chorodial thickness and in those with worse BCVA and CS. RPE abnormalities and atrophy were related to the age of onset of symptoms. Photoreceptor elongation has been correlated with poor BCVA and inner and outer segment line destructuring and interruption with poor CS.
关键词： Photochemotherapy,Contrast sensitivity,Visual acuity,Central serous chorioretinopathy,Optical coherence tomography
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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The background and philosophy behind daylight photodynamic therapy
摘要： Conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) is associated with side effects, primarily related to the waiting time between pretreatment with application of photosensitizer and illumination. Pain during illumination is a major issue for the patients and options for effective pain relief are limited. Post-treatment inflammation can often be severe and cause inconvenient down-time for the patients and their employers. To avoid the problems of pain and patients crowding in the clinic we eliminated red light treatment of high PpIX concentration and introduced illumination in daylight which may be performed at home. We also investigated if protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) could be activated continuously during its formation which might reduce pain and inflammation. Continuous activation of PpIX during its formation turned out to minimize pain as single PpIX molecules are activated continuously without accumulation of PpIX in the skin. PpIX molecules are formed in the mitochondria and the photodynamic effect only takes place in the mitochondria when continuously activated. This results primarily in apoptosis with little inflammation. Continuous activation of PpIX can be obtained by performing photodynamic therapy in daylight, as well as with daylight-emitting light sources of appropriate wavelengths. Use of daylight prevents the patients from crowding in the clinic. Daylight-PDT completely fulfils the purpose of minimizing pain and inflammation, as well as limiting the strain on the clinic treating the patients.
关键词： Photochemotherapy,Pain,Inflammation,Protoporphyrin IX
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Comparative Effect of Two Red Lights on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> Biofilms and Assessment of Temperature Variances in Human Teeth During <i>In Vitro</i> Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
摘要： Objective: The goals of this investigation were to compare the effect of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) with two different red lights on in vitro Streptococcus mutans biofilms, as well as to assess the temperature variances caused by PACT on human teeth. Methods: S. mutans biofilms (n = 3) were grown on hydroxyapatite disks, and the antimicrobial effect of PACT was evaluated using toluidine blue O (100 lg/mL) associated with Laserbeam(cid:2) (LB 56.6 J/cm2) and LumaCare(cid:3) (LC -56.6, 158.5, 317.0, and 475.6 J/cm2). Pulpal temperature variances were analyzed using a digital thermocouple placed into the pulp chamber and positioned at the cement–enamel junction level of five teeth samples during irradiation times of 300, 600, and 900 sec for LB, and 22, 60, 120, and 180 sec for LC. The mean average temperature variance was calculated for each group. All data were analyzed through analysis of variance. Results: LB (900 sec) and LC (22 sec) induced similar reductions in the viability of microorganisms. LB did not cause statistically significant increase of temperature, regardless of experimental time, and LC caused temperature increase within the safe spectrum up to 60 sec. Conclusions: PACT seems to be a minimal invasive approach for reducing the viability of cariogenic bacteria. Thus, when applied in vitro for times equal or inferior to 900 and 60 sec for LB and LC, respectively, these light sources might be considered harmless to tooth structures.
关键词： biofilms,anti-infective agents,Streptococcus mutans,photochemotherapy,temperature,dental pulp cavity
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Could being chlorhexidine an adequate positive control to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in in vitro studies?
摘要： Background: Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) is commonly applied as positive control of new antimicrobials, because it is considered the gold-standard for chemical plaque control. In this sense, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of treatments with curcumin-mediated aPDT and CHX in relation to the viability of specific microorganism groups in two distinct times (immediately and 24h later). Methods: Dentin caries microcosms were grown on bovine dentin discs (37oC, anaerobiosis) for 3 days in the Active Attachment Amsterdam Biofilm Model. The biofilms were treated with 300 μM curcumin and 75 J.cm-2 LED, or 0.06% and 0.12% CHX. Then, total microorganisms, total streptococci, mutans streptococci, and total lactobacilli counts were determined. The statistical analysis was conducted by Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn's tests (P<0.05). Results: Curcumin-mediated aPDT (C+L+), 0.06% and 0.12% CHX reduced mutans streptococci counts (0.19, 0.10 and 0.07 log10 respectively) in the immediate analysis. After 24h, it was observed a re-growth of microorganisms treated by curcumin-mediated aPDT, whereas both CHX concentrations demonstrated a decrease of the viable microorganisms. Conclusion: This study confirmed the substantive effect of CHX and the immediate effect of aPDT. The use of a neutralizer solution was important to block the substantivity of CHX and permit its fair comparison with aPDT, allowing its use as a positive control in further studies.
关键词： Dental Caries,Oral Biofilms,Photochemotherapy,Chlorhexidine
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Clinical outcomes of adjunctive indocyanine green-diode lasers therapy for treating refractory periodontitis: A randomized controlled trial with in?vitro assessment
摘要： Background/purpose: It is still challengeable to treat periodontal pockets refractory to mechanical debridement. This study is to evaluate the potential of indocyanine green (ICG)-diode laser-based photothermal therapy (PTT) for solving this dilemma. Methods: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) were incubated with phosphate-buffered saline, chlorhexidine, or ICG, non-irradiated or irradiated with 810-nm diode lasers, and the cell viability was evaluated. Patients with teeth refractory to mechanical periodontal debridement on different quadrants were recruited. At baseline (T0), all examined teeth received scaling and root planing, and those on the test quadrant (PTT group) received ICG-diode laser treatment. The outcome was evaluated using clinical parameters and cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluids at 4e6 weeks (T1) and 6 months (T2). Results: In ICG-treated cultures, the viability of BMSCs and PDLCs was recovered on day 4, and laser irradiation inhibited the metabolic activities of BMSCs. 22 patients with 30 control teeth and 35 PTT-treated teeth were examined. All examined teeth showed modest reductions in probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding upon probing (BOP), and plaque score at T1 and T2 and significant reductions in IL-1b and MMP-8 at T2. Compared with controls, BOP was reduced more prominently, IL-1b and MMP-8 were significantly lower, and reductions in PPD and CAL were slightly greater in the PTT group at T1 (0.05e0.19 mm). Conclusion: ICG-diode laser-based PTT is compatible to periodontium and assists in faster resolution of gingival inflammation in periodontal pockets refractory to mechanical debridement.
关键词： Cytokines,Indocyanine green,Photochemotherapy,Periodontitis
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Photodynamic Inactivation of Porphyromonas gingivalis utilizing Radachlorin and Toluidine Blue O as Photosensitizers: An In Vitro Study
摘要： Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the major pathogens in the development and progression of periodontal disease. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a new approach which is sorted in non-invasive phototherapy for bacterial elimination. This in vitro study was conducted to compare photodynamic inactivation using Radachlorin and Toluidine blue O (TBO) as photosensitizers on P. gingivalis. Methods: Bacterial suspensions (200 μL) of P. gingivalis were exposed to either TBO with concentration of 0.1 mg/mL associated with portable light-emitting diode (LED) device (peak wavelength: 630 nm, output intensity: 2.000 mW/cm2, tip diameter: 6.2 mm) or 0.1% Radachlorin? and laser irradiation (InGaAlP, Peak wavelength: 662±0.1% nm, output power: 2.5 W, energy density: 6 J/cm2, fiber diameter: 2 mm). Those in control groups were subjected to laser irradiation or LED alone, Radachlorin? or TBO alone, and one group received neither photosensitizer nor light irradiation. Then counting of colony forming units (CFU) was performed to determine the bactericidal effects in each subgroup. Results: LED-based aPDT reduced the colony count of P. gingivalis more than that of TBO (P < 0.001) or LED group (P = 0.957). Also, laser-based aPDT had a great reduction in colony count of P. gingivalis in comparison with Radachlorin? (P < 0.001) or laser irradiation alone (P = 0.28). In addition, the colony count reduction of laser-based aPDT was significantly more than LED-based aPDT (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, the viability of P. gingivalis was more affected by the combination of laser and Radachlorin? 0.1% in comparison with LED and TBO 0.1%
关键词： Lasers,Photochemotherapy,Photosensitizing agents,Porphyromonas gingivalis,Periodontics
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Long-term efficacy data for daylight-PDT
摘要： INTRODUCTION: Conventional photodynamic therapy (c-PDT) is an established successful treatment for non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). Daylight PDT (DL-PDT) was introduced to overcome the main inconveniencies associated with c-PDT such as pain during illumination and long clinic visits. DL-PDT was shown to have similar short-term efficacy to c-PDT for the treatment of mild/moderate actinic keratosis (AKs) but it is associated with better tolerability. Since AKs tend to regress and reoccur over time, data on long-term efficacy of DL-PDT become crucial. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We performed a systematic review search up to February 2018 of available studies on DL-PDT long-term efficacy using the MEDLINE database and made a manual search of selected references. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Most current studies on DL-PDT have limited follow-up periods of 3 to 6 months. Only 2 randomized, intra-individual studies provided efficacy data on AK treatment at 12 month-follow-up and supported the long-term efficacy of this novel treatment modality showing a low recurrence rate, varying from 8.7% to 13%. Current evidences for other NMSCs are limited and efficacy seems to be not as good as for AK. CONCLUSIONS: DL-PDT is a very promising treatment for mild to moderate AKs of the face and scalp. Efficacy outcomes of DL-PDT are similar to those of c-PDT in the short-term. Additional studies are required to increase our knowledge on DL-PDT long-term efficacy, as limited data are currently available.
关键词： Treatment outcome,Keratosis, actinic,Photochemotherapy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14