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Copper Tungstate (CuWO4) Nanoflakes Coupled with Cobalt Phosphate (Co-Pi) for Effective Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
摘要： Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting provides us a green way to convert and utilize solar energy. In this work, Co-Pi was electrochemically deposited onto CuWO4 nanoflakes (NFs) via a cyclic voltammetry (CV) method to enhance the photocatalytic performance of CuWO4 toward PEC water splitting. The results demonstrated that the photocurrent density as well as the charge-transfer efficiency was improved within the entire potential range. Besides, the CuWO4/Co-Pi exhibited an enhanced stability over the bare CuWO4 in the phosphate buffer solution (pH 7) and an extremely high Faradaic efficiency (ca. 96%). Our work reveals that combination of CuWO4 with Co-Pi is a feasible way to further enhance the performance of CuWO4 photoanode toward PEC OER.
关键词： Photoelectrochemical water splitting,oxygen evolution reaction,copper tungstate,electrochemical cocatalyst,cobalt phosphate
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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In-situ implantation of plasmonic Ag into metal-organic frameworks for constructing efficient Ag/NH2-MIL-125/TiO2 photoanode
摘要： Realizing a highly efficient catalytic activity for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has been becoming a key challenge for fabricating TiO2 photoanode, due to its weak light-response ability and poor electrical conductivity. For the first time, we prepared the TiO2 nanorods decorated with NH2-MIL-125 film, and subsequently in-situ implanted Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) into NH2-MIL-125 film by mild reduction process with the help of amine group. The synergistic effect between NH2-MIL-125 and Ag NPs is aimed at efficiently improving light-response and the overall conductivity of photoanode. The PEC performance of as-prepared Ag/NH2-MIL-125/TiO2 hybrid-photoanode has been systemically investigated. The photocurrent density of optimal Ag/NH2-MIL-125/TiO2 has reached 1.06 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V (vs. RHE) under illumination (100 mW/cm2), which is almost 4.42 times higher than that of pristine TiO2. The incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) value of Ag/NH2-MIL-125/TiO2 has been increased to 51.0 % at 390 nm. Furthermore, the desirable charge injection (ηinjection) of 96.4% and charge separation (ηseparation) efficiency of 33.1% have been achieved. The in-situ introduction of Ag NPs into NH2-MIL-125/TiO2 heterostructure provides a novel model for understanding the synergistic effect between metal and MOF over PEC water splitting.
关键词： NH2-MIL-125,hybrid-photoanode,photoelectrochemical water splitting,Ag nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Simultaneously efficient light absorption and charge transport of CdS/TiO2 nanotube array toward improved photoelectrochemical performance
摘要： CdS has been widely used to modify TiO2-based photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Due to the poor interface contact between chalcogenides and oxides, however, such CdS modified TiO2 materials usually exhibit inefficient separation and transport of charges, leading to an unsatisfactory efficiency during the PEC water splitting process. Addressing this issue, we herein report a CdS/TiO2 nanotube array (CdS/TNA) photoanode that was fabricated through a successive ion layer absorption and reaction (SILAR) method with an additional subsequent annealing. This post-annealing process is essential to enhance the interface contact between the CdS and the TNAs, resulting in an accelerated transfer of photogenerated electrons from the CdS to the TNAs. In addition, the post-annealing also improves the light absorption capability of the CdS/TNA photoanode. The simultaneous enhancement of charge transport and light absorption provided by the post-annealing is essential for improving the PEC performance of the CdS/TNA photoanode. The CdS/TNA photoanode obtained by this strategy exhibits a much enhanced PEC performance in water splitting, and its photocurrent density and solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency could reach 4.56 mA cm?2 at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode and 5.61%, respectively. This simple but effective route can provide a general strategy for obtaining high-performance oxide-based photoelectrodes.
关键词： Photoelectrochemical water splitting,Nanotube arrays,Titanium dioxide,Cadmium sulfide
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Enhanced PEC performance of hematite photoanode coupled with bimetallic oxyhydroxide NiFeOOH through a simple electroless method
摘要： The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one important bottleneck in the development of economical photoelectrodes. Herein, we firstly prepared bimetallic oxyhydroxide NiFeOOH layer on Fe2O3 photoanode through a simple electroless ligand-regulated oxidation method in order to build highly-matched semiconductor/cocatalyst interface. Benefited from the accelerated OER kinetics and low overpotential of bimetallic oxyhydroxide NiFeOOH, the resultant Fe2O3/NiFeOOH core-shell with strongly-bound heterojunction interface possesses better visible light absorption, enhanced photocurrent density (1.83 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE) and good stability than bare Fe2O3 and semi-FeOOH and NiOOH decorated Fe2O3 photoanodes. We believe this work provides a new pathway for designing high-quality contact interface of various photoelectrode/catalyst.
关键词： electroless ligand-regulated oxidation,photoelectrochemical water splitting,Fe2O3,core-shell nanorod arrays,NiFeOOH
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Phase-junction design of MOF-derived TiO2 photoanodes sensitized with Quantum Dots for efficient hydrogen generation
摘要： Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising and environmentally friendly pathway for exploiting renewable energy sources, to address the ever-growing demand for clean energy. Due to its excellent photostability and favorable band alignment, titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the one of the most common metal oxide for water splitting. However, the efficiency in TiO2-based PEC systems is limited by the high recombination of photo-generated electron/hole pairs and large intrinsic band gap (3.2 eV) which limit the absorption of the sunlight. Herein, we explore a simple metal organic framework (MOF)-derived synthesis to obtain a controlled mixed-phase (anatase and rutile) of TiO2 nanoparticles, which retain the MOF crystal morphology. Compared with commercial TiO2 films, the MOF-derived TiO2 film sensitized by core-shell CdSe@CdS QDs, showed an enhanced PEC device stability of +42.1% and PEC performance of +47.6%. The enhanced performance is due to the presence of the mixed rutile/anatase phases, that creates a favorable band energy alignment for the separation of the photogenerated charges. The proposed MOF-derived TiO2 is an efficient strategy to improve the efficiency of the TiO2-QDs heterojunction based PEC system for hydrogen generation.
关键词： Metal organic framework,Mixed-phase TiO2,Photoelectrochemical water splitting,Quantum dots,Hydrogen generation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Designing WO <sub/>3</sub> /CdIn <sub/>2</sub> S <sub/>4</sub> type-II heterojunction with both efficient light absorption and charge separation for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting
摘要： WO3 is a typical photoanode material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, the PEC activity of WO3 photoanode is limited by its poor visible light absorption as well as severe carrier recombination at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Herein, we integrate small-band-gap CdIn2S4 nanoplates with hydrothermally grown WO3 nanowall arrays to form into a three-dimensional (3D) WO3/CdIn2S4 heterojunction through a chemical bath deposition process. The synthesis parameters of CdIn2S4, including reaction time and temperature, have been tuned to optimize the PEC performance. The WO3/CdIn2S4 composite photoanode prepared at 50 °C for 5 h exhibits the highest photocurrent of 1.06 mA cm?2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode without the presence of holes scavenger, which is about 5.9 times higher than that of bare WO3 photoanode. The band alignment between WO3 and CdIn2S4 is confirmed by the ultraviolet–visible light absorption spectra and ultraviolet photoelectron spectra. The PEC performance enhancement is attributed to the enhanced light absorption benefiting from the small band gap of CdIn2S4 and efficient charge separation originating from the type-II alignment between WO3 and CdIn2S4.
关键词： photoanode,WO3,CdIn2S4,photoelectrochemical water splitting,heterojunction
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Hybrid microwave annealing for fabrication of more efficient semiconductor photoanodes for solar water splitting
摘要： Hybrid microwave annealing (HMA) is proposed as an alternative to conventional thermal annealing (CTA) in a furnace to fabricate efficient semiconductor photoelectrodes for solar water splitting. Thus the effects of HMA are investigated in comparison with CTA using spinel zinc ferrite as an example. The ZnFe2O4 photoanodes fabricated by HMA with a graphite susceptor provide less defective surface, better structural ordering and smaller feature size than photoanodes prepared by CTA. Besides, HMA does not impair conductivity of the F:SnO2 glass substrate. All these positive factors of HMA leads to ~4 times higher photocurrents at 1.23 VRHE and lowered onset potential by ~100 mV under 1-sun irradiation of an optimized ZnFe2O4 photoanode relative to that fabricated by CTA. The HMA could be an effective generic method to fabricate efficient photoelectrodes based on refractory semiconductors replacing incumbent CTA.
关键词： Conventional thermal annealing,ZnFe2O4,Hybrid microwave annealing,Photoelectrochemical water splitting
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Fabrication of photoactive CaTiO3–TiO2 composite thin film electrodes via facile single step aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition route
摘要： CaTiO3–TiO2 composite oxide films have been employed, for the first time, as photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) splitting of water. The transparent methanol solutions of Ti(Pro)4 and newly synthesized calcium complex [Ca2(TFA)3(OAc)(PrOH)(H2O)(THF)3] (1) (where TFA stands for trifluoroacetato; OAc stands for acetate; and PrOH stands for isopropanol) were utilized for aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) of the target films. The composite electrodes were deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated conducting glass substrates at varying deposition temperatures of 500–600 °C. The resulting films were extensively characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy. PEC responses of all the composite electrodes were studied under simulated solar irradiation of AM 1.5 G (100 mW cm?2). The CaTiO3–TiO2 photoanode formed at 600 °C showed higher photocurrent density of 610 μA cm?2 at 0.7 V versus Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl reference electrode as compared to the other two electrodes fabricated similarly with only difference of fabrication temperature (i.e., 500 and 550 °C).
关键词： photoelectrodes,photoelectrochemical water splitting,aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition,CaTiO3–TiO2 composite
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Photoelectrochemical water splitting properties of CdS/TiO2 nanofibers-based photoanode
摘要： CdS-sensitized TiO2 nanofibers (CdS/TiO2 NFs) structures were fabricated on the indium tin oxide (ITO) conducting substrate that acts as a working electrode in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell for the generation of hydrogen by water splitting. TiO2 NFs on ITO conducting substrate were synthesized by electrospinning technique using Titanium tetraisopropoxide as the precursor, followed by a calcination process in air at 500 °C for 2 h. CdS deposition on TiO2 NFs structures was carried out by the dip coating method with different dipping times to optimize the water splitting efficiency. The morphologies and crystalline structures of fabricated samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The PEC properties of the electrodes were measured using a potentiostat instrument in a mixture of 0.25 M Na2S and 0.35 M Na2SO3 aqueous solutions for CdS/TiO2 photoanodes and in 0.5 M Na2SO4 electrolyte for uncoated TiO2 photoanode under the illumination of simulated sunlight (100 mW/cm2 from 150 W xenon lamp). It was found that an optimized TiO2 NFs structure sensitized by CdS layer yields a photoconversion efficiency of 3.2% at 0.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The value of photocurrent density for CdS/TiO2 NFs samples were more than 20 times higher than that of the uncoated TiO2 NFs sample at 0.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) under a simulated sunlight irradiation.
关键词： photoelectrochemical water splitting,electrospinning,dip coating,hydrogen generation,CdS/TiO2 nanofibers
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Design and Comparative Studies of Z-Scheme and Type II Based Heterostructures of NaNbO <sub/>3</sub> /CuInS <sub/>2</sub> /In <sub/>2</sub> S <sub/>3</sub> for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Applications
摘要： Here, we report the fabrication of a new Z-scheme based core/shell/shell heterostructure of NaNbO3/CuInS2/In2S3 (core/shell/shell) for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting and also for degradation of organic pollutants. We have also performed a comparative study with a modified heterostructure of NaNbO3/In2S3/CuInS2 having Type II band alignment. The PEC measurements under visible light irradiation show increased photocatalytic performance for the NaNbO3/CuInS2/In2S3 heterostructures as revealed by a high current density of ～6.72 mA/cm2 at ?1.0 V versus Ag/AgCl and low photocurrent onset potential of ～?110 mV in comparison to the Type II system (～1.63 mA/cm2 and ?180 mV vs Ag/AgCl). Mott?Schottky plots confirmed the n?p?n type heterojunction formation in the NaNbO3/CuInS2/In2S3 heterostructure which reduces the charge carrier recombination (revealed by PL intensity and short lifetime). The Z-scheme based system also exhibits excellent degradation efficiency (～99.6%) of organic pollutants. This work shows that the Z-scheme charge separation mechanism in NaNbO3/CuInS2/In2S3 nanostructures is more efficient than the Type II based on NaNbO3/In2S3/CuInS2.
关键词： core/shell/shell heterostructure,photoelectrochemical water splitting,Type II band alignment,organic pollutants degradation,Z-scheme,NaNbO3/CuInS2/In2S3
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46