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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Control of Vacancy Defects in Reactively Sputtered (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se <sub/>2</sub> Solar Cells
摘要： We report positron annihilation spectroscopy measurements revealing the prevalence of VSe-VCu divacancy defects in reactively sputtered ACIGS solar cells. Together with compositional and structural analysis as well as capacitance-voltage measurements, an intricate interplay is observed between divacancies, (Cu+Ag)/III ratio, grain size, and carrier concentration. These properties can be tuned during absorber growth by varying growth temperature and alkali content. Exploiting this interplay may be the key to achieving high efficiency in ACIGS solar cells.
关键词： ACIGS,positron annihilation,defects,potassium,vacancies,reactive sputtering,photovoltaic cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Evaluation of electrical efficiency of photovoltaic thermal solar collector
摘要： In this study, machine learning methods of artificial neural networks (ANNs), least squares support vector machines (LSSVM), and neuro-fuzzy are used for advancing prediction models for thermal performance of a photovoltaic-thermal solar collector (PV/T). In the proposed models, the inlet temperature, flow rate, heat, solar radiation, and the sun heat have been considered as the input variables. Data set has been extracted through experimental measurements from a novel solar collector system. Different analyses are performed to examine the credibility of the introduced models and evaluate their performances. The proposed LSSVM model outperformed the ANFIS and ANNs models. LSSVM model is reported suitable when the laboratory measurements are costly and time-consuming, or achieving such values requires sophisticated interpretations.
关键词： hybrid machine learning model,Renewable energy,photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T),least square support vector machine (LSSVM),adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS),neural networks (NNs)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Maximum Power Point tracking for a stand-alone photovoltaic system using Artificial Neural Network
摘要： This paper presents an intelligent method to extract the maximum power from the photovoltaic panel using artificial neural network (ANN). The inputs data required for training the ANN controller are obtained from real weather conditions and the desired output is obtained from perturb and observe (P&O) method. The proposed model is capable to improve the dynamic response and steady-state performance of the system, provides an accurate identification of the optimal operating point and an accurate estimation of the maximum power from the photovoltaic panels. The proposed ANN model is compared with conventional P&O model and shown that ANN controller could increase the power output by approximately 20%. The system is simulated and studied using MATLAB software.
关键词： Artificial Neural Network,Maximum Power Point tracking,photovoltaic system,P&O method,MATLAB
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Performance evaluation of a MPPT controller with model predictive control for a photovoltaic system
摘要： Efficiency has been a major factor in the growth of photovoltaic (PV) systems. Different control techniques have been explored to extract maximum power from PV systems under varying environmental conditions. This paper evaluates the performance of a new improved control technique known as model predictive control (MPC) in power extraction from PV systems. Exploiting the ability of MPC to predict future state of controlled variables, MPC has been implemented for tacking of maximum power point (MPP) of a PV system. Application of MPC for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has been found to result into faster tracking of MPP under continuously varying atmospheric conditions providing an efficient system. It helps in reducing unwanted oscillations with an increase in tracking speed. A detailed step by step process of designing a model predictive controller has been discussed. Here, MPC has been applied in conjunction with conventional perturb and observe (P&O) method for controlling the dc-dc boost converter switching, harvesting maximum power from a PV array. The results of MPC controller has been compared with two widely used conventional methods of MPPT, viz. incremental conductance method and P&O method. The MPC controller scheme has been designed, implemented and tested in MATLAB/Simulink environment and has also been experimentally validated using a laboratory prototype of a PV system.
关键词： maximum power point tracking (MPPT),prediction model,Model predictive control (MPC),cost function,photovoltaic (PV),renewable energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Energy Payback Time of a Rooftop Photovoltaic System in Greece
摘要： Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is an important tool to quantitatively assess energy consumption and environmental impact of any product. Current research related to energy consumption in buildings moves towards Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB). In such a building, an important issue concerns the energy production by renewable sources, including on-site production. The most feasible way to achieve renewable energy utilization in a building level in Greece is by using rooftop Photovoltaic (PV) systems, also promoted in the last decade by the national legislation concerning energy conservation measures. Apart from cost-related issues and payback times, Embodied Energy (EE) and Embodied CO2 (ECO2) emissions have also to be considered against the anticipated corresponding savings. Using a particular PV system as a case study, its basic constitutive materials are determined and their masses are calculated. Embodied energy values are estimated by using embodied energy coefficients available in the international literature. Considering a specific geographic location in Greece for the building on which the PV is installed, the annual energy generated by the system is estimated based on its performance data and curves. The Energy and CO2 Payback Times (EPBT and CO2PBT) are estimated and assessed, as well as future work is suggested.
关键词： Photovoltaic systems,CO2 Payback Time,Embodied CO2,Energy Payback Time,Life Cycle Analysis,Nearly Zero Energy Building,Embodied Energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Improved cooperative artificial neural network <scp>a??</scp> particle swarm optimization approach for solar photovoltaic systems using maximum power point tracking
摘要： Photovoltaic (PV) energy represents one of the most important renewable energies, but its disadvantage resides in its maximum power point, which varies according to meteorological changes that make the efficiency low. Intelligent techniques, using the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method, can achieve an efficient real-time tracking of this point in order to ensure optimal functioning of the system. The output power of the PV system is removed from solar irradiation and cell temperature of the PV panel type SOLON 55W. Therefore, it is essential to harvest the generated power of the PV system and optimally exploit the collected solar energy. For this objective, this work treats on a new artificial neural network-particle swarm optimization approach (ANN-PSO). The ANN is used to predict the solar irradiation level and cell temperature followed by PSO to optimize the power generation and optimally track the solar power of the PV panel type SOLON 55W based on various operation conditions under changes in environmental conditions. The simulation results of the proposed approach give a minimum error with a relevant efficiency, that is, the power provided by ANN-PSO approach is optimal and closer to the PV power. Consequently, this novel approach ANN-PSO shows its major capability to extract the optimal power with excellent efficiency up of 97%. For this objective, this work treats a new hybrid ANN-PSO approach.
关键词： photovoltaic system,particle swarm optimization,maximum power point tracking,artificial neural network
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Formation of stable 2D methylammonium antimony iodide phase for lead-free perovskite-like solar cells
摘要： The presence of lead in novel hybrid perovskite-based solar cells remains a significant issue regarding commercial applications. Therefore, antimony-based perovskite-like A3M2X9 structures are promising new candidates for low toxicity photovoltaic applications. So far, MA3Sb2I9 was reported to only crystallize in the ‘zero-dimensional’ (0D) dimer structure with wide indirect bandgap properties. However, the formation of the 2D layered polymorph is more suitable for solar cell applications due to its expected direct and narrow bandgap. Here, we demonstrate the first synthesis of phase pure 2D layered MA3Sb2I9, based on antimony acetate dissolved in alcoholic solvents. Using in situ XRD methods, we confirm the stability of the layered phase towards high temperature, but the exposure to 75 % relative humidity for several hours leads to a rearrangement of the phase with partial formation of the 0D structure. We investigated the electronic band structure and confirmed experimentally the presence of a semi-direct bandgap at around 2.1 eV. Our work shows that careful control of nucleation via processing conditions can provide access to promising perovskite-like phases for photovoltaic applications.
关键词： antimony,perovskite solar cells,2D materials,lead-free,photovoltaic applications
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Thermophotovoltaic applications in waste heat recovery systems: example of GaSb cell
摘要： In this study, it is aimed at evaluating real data in high temperature GaSb cell thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems. The TPV systems are considered as an alternative energy source in terms of efficient use of waste heat, cost and efficiency. The TPV system can be defined as a system that converts waste heat energy emitted from heat sources into electrical energy at high temperature. In this context, efficiency and parameters of TPV GaSb cells have been determined in laboratory conditions. The conversion of the high temperature applied to the cell to electrical energy has been investigated by selecting the GaSb photovoltaic cell as the cell type. According to the analysis have been done so far, TPV high-temperature real graphics have been obtained using GaSb cell. The temperature parameters used are, namely, cell temperature and source temperature. With these graphs, energy efficiency, fill factor, effect of open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current values have been determined. While the efficiency value of the GaSb TPV cell systems was calculated, the radiation source temperature values have been taken in increments of 300 K between 1300 and 3100 K. In this analysis, the optimum energy conversion efficiency values of GaSb solar cell structure have been detected to be 21.57%. Opinions about the feasibility, efficiency and development of thermophotovoltaic energy conversion systems are stated, and suggestions are presented.
关键词： electricity generation,GaSb cell,waste heat,thermophotovoltaic,real data,photovoltaic cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Experimental performance of an ultra-low-cost solar photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collector using aluminum minichannels and nonimaging optics
摘要： Electricity, space heating, and hot water are ubiquitous needs among modern buildings. Solar photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) technologies are well suited to provide all of these in a distributed and renewable manner, however, the high cost of current PVT technologies remains a major barrier to implementation as the technology competes for roof space with low cost standalone PV modules. In an effort to reduce costs, a new type of solar PVT collector has been developed which replaces the traditional packaging materials with a low cost nonimaging optic and replaces sheet-and-tube heat exchange materials with a low cost and thermally efficient aluminum minichannel. A 1.2 m2 aperture prototype built using silicon SunPower solar cells has demonstrated 57.4% thermal efficiency and 12.3% electric efficiency at ambient temperature and a maximum (stagnation) temperature around 80 °C. Extrapolating this performance shows the PVT collector will to generate 226 kW-hours (kWh) of electricity and 603 kWh of heat per square meter each year for a solar resource of 5.5 kWh/m2/day, and by doing so avoid 1280 kWh of natural gas consumption and 183.8 kg of CO2 emissions. Technical performance is comparable with commercial PVT systems today, but with a much lower estimated module cost of $81/m2 ($0.54/WDC). A side-by-side analysis indicates the PVT collector can be installed for 85% of the capital cost of side-by-side PV + T with only 70% of the required roof space.
关键词： Hybrid,PVT,Solar,Thermal,Minichannel,Photovoltaic,Nonimaging
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - The Impact of Cold Temperature Exposure in Mechanical Durability Testing of PV Modules
摘要： Existing mechanical durability testing sequences typically perform mechanical loading prior to environmental exposures such as thermal cycling or humidity freeze. Recent work has shown that the fracture strength of silicon solar cells can reduce after exposure to temperatures below -20°C. In an effort to better evaluate modules with respect to cell crack durability, we explore the use of a single thermal cycle prior to mechanical loading. Modules were exposed to a static front-side load before and after exposure to a single thermal cycle and were characterized with current-voltage measurements and electroluminescence imaging. The results show a significant increase in the number of cell cracks that are generated at a given load after a single cold exposure. We explore how this can be used to further optimize the qualification test sequence for mechanical durability.
关键词： cell fracture,photovoltaic modules,mechanical durability,reliability,silicon
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01