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Minimizing non-radiative recombination losses in perovskite solar cells
摘要： Photovoltaic solar cells based on metal-halide perovskites have gained considerable attention over the past decade because of their potentially low production cost, earth-abundant raw materials, ease of fabrication and ever-increasing power-conversion efficiencies of up to 25.2%. This type of solar cells offers the promise of generating electricity at a more competitive unit price than traditional fossil fuels by 2035. Nevertheless, the best research-cell efficiencies are still below the theoretical limit defined by the Shockley–Queisser theory, owing to the presence of non-radiative recombination losses. In this Review, we analyse the predominant pathways that contribute to non-radiative recombination losses in perovskite solar cells and evaluate their impact on device performance. We then discuss how non-radiative recombination losses can be estimated through reliable characterization techniques and highlight some notable advances in mitigating these losses, which hint at pathways towards defect-free perovskite solar cells. Finally, we outline directions for future work that will push the efficiency of perovskite solar cells towards the radiative limit.
关键词： defect passivation,photovoltaic,perovskite solar cells,Shockley–Queisser theory,non-radiative recombination losses
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 2nd Ukraine Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (UKRCON) - Lviv, Ukraine (2019.7.2-2019.7.6)] 2019 IEEE 2nd Ukraine Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (UKRCON) - Dependence of the Thin Film Solar Cells Efficiency from Operating Temperature
摘要： The made research results of the dependence of the film photovoltaic converters efficiency on their operating temperature and their comparison are considered in the paper. The physical mechanisms of temperature influence analysis on output, diode and electronic parameters of photovoltaic converters was conducted. The efficiency temperature coefficients of the photovoltaic converter, which make up for devices with a CdTe of -0.14 rel.%/C, CuInSe -0.36 rel.%/C, amorphous silicon -0.21 rel.%/C were obtained. The analytical processing and analysis of the light diode characteristic effect on the PVC efficiency based on the CdTe showed that the temperature stability of their efficiency is ensured by the diode current density, the incision which increases by 50% from 1.9·10-9 A to 2.7·10-9 A with the temperature rise from 20°С to 50°С.
关键词： solar cells,thin films,output and diode parameters,working temperature,photovoltaic converters,efficiency
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Performance evaluation of different photovoltaic technologies in the region of Ifrane, Morocco
摘要： This study aims at analyzing and comparing several indices that evaluate the performance of different grid connected photovoltaic technologies, namely amorphous silicon (a-Si), Polycrystalline silicon (pc-Si), and Monocrystalline silicon (mc-Si) generating around 2 kWp each and set up a forecast studies for future perspectives. These technologies are connected to a low voltage (400 V) three phase electrical grid of Al Akhawayn University (33° North, 5° West) facing south on a flat surface, 32° tilted with zero azimuth, and without including any tracking system. This work is done within the framework of Propre.ma project aiming at establishing a photovoltaic yield maps throughout Morocco. The experimental and theoretical horizontal irradiances of Ifrane's region, simulated with the Davies and Hay model on the MATLAB's software, are compared in the following study. Besides, the evaluation of different technologies is based on the (annual/monthly/daily) AC energy output, the performance ratio, the system efficiency, and the capacity factor that are calculated and measured from data gathered between October 2014 and the end of 2018. An economic analysis was carried out in order to define the levelized cost of electricity of the three technologies. Eventually, the obtained results confirm that the polycrystalline technology is the most cost-effective technology for the region of Ifrane.
关键词： Photovoltaic,Polycrystalline,Performance evaluation,Economic analysis,Amorphous,Monocrystalline
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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III‐V//Si multijunction solar cells with 30% efficiency using smart stack technology with Pd nanoparticle array
摘要： Multijunction (MJ) solar cells achieve very high efficiencies by effectively utilizing the entire solar spectrum. Previously, we constructed a III‐V//Si MJ solar cell using the smart stack technology, a unique mechanical stacking technology with Pd nanoparticle array. In this study, we fabricated an InGaP/AlGaAs//Si three‐junction solar cell with an efficiency of 30.8% under AM 1.5G solar spectrum illumination. This efficiency is considerably higher than our previous result (25.1%). The superior performance was achieved by optimizing the structure of the upper GaAs‐based cell and employing a tunnel oxide passivated contact Si cell. Furthermore, we examined the low solar concentration performance of the device and obtained a maximum efficiency of 32.6% at 5.5 suns. This performance is sufficient for realistic low concentration photovoltaic applications (below 10 suns). In addition, we characterize the reliability of the InGaP/AlGaAs//Si three‐junction solar cell with a damp heat test (85 °C and 85% humidity for 1000 h). It was confirmed that our solar cells have high long‐term stability under severe conditions. The results demonstrate the potential of GaAs//Si MJ solar cells as next‐generation photovoltaic cells and the effectiveness of smart stack technology in fabricating multijunction cells.
关键词： III‐V solar cells,photovoltaic concentrator,mechanical stack,multijunction solar cells,silicon solar cells
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Potential of water natural circulation coupled with nano-enhanced PCM for PV module cooling
摘要： This paper introduces a new photovoltaic module passive cooling system that works with natural cooling water circulation. The heat was removed from cooling water by a PCM-based cooling system. A special zig zag geometry of PCM container was considered to increase the heat transfer surface. At the ?rst stage of experiments, a composed oil consisting of 82 wt% coconut oil and 18 wt% sun?ower oil was used as PCM. Then, in order to increase the performance of heat transfer between PCM and cooling water, the composed oil was mixed with Boehmite nanopowder (0.009 (w/w)). The cooling performance of the composed oil and nano - composed oil was assessed by monitoring the temperature and the generated electrical power of the panel at various radiation intensities. The results reveal the reliability of the proposed system for cooling of the PV module without need to any pumping system. Moreover, the results show that using nano - composed PCM is more ef?cient than the plain one. The highest increase in the maximum produced power relative to the reference case were obtained in the presence of nano - composed oil, which were 44.74, 46.63, 48.23% at the radiation intensities of 410,530,690 W/m2, respectively.
关键词： Photovoltaic,PCM,Natural circulation,Passive cooling,Boehmite nanoparticles,Heat transfer
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Improving Photovoltaic Performance by Using Perovskite/Surface Modified Graphitic Carbon Nitride Heterojunction
摘要： Passivation strategies were considered as one of the most efficient methods to suppress non-radiative recombination of organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), then, as well as, were widely employed as passivation agents, according to the previous reports. Anchoring g-leading to tremendous photovoltaic performance. An innovative 2D polymer, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), as well as various organic groups (amino, sulfonic, nitrato and hydroxy group) leading to tremendous photovoltaic performance. C3N4 and the aforementioned organic groups as additives in perovskite could both heal charged defects around the grain boundaries by passivating the charge recombination center. Besides, the crystalline quality could also be enhanced by the incorporation of g-C3N4, leading to improved conductivity of perovskite light absorber films that is beneficial for benign charge extraction efficiency. Inspiring of the underlining mechanisms, we designed a series of novel passivation molecules, functionalized g-C3N4 (F-C3N4) with assorted organic groups, yielding to champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.08% for NO3-C3N4 based p-i-n structure PSC, in comparison with that of PSC without passivation (17.85%). These findings presented an efficient strategy to understand and design multiple facets of applications of novel passivation molecules to further improve the PCE of PSCs.
关键词： passivation,graphitic carbon nitride,perovskite solar cells,organic groups,photovoltaic performance
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG) - Xi'an, China (2019.6.3-2019.6.6)] 2019 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG) - The application of cascade power electronic transformer in large-scale photovoltaic power generation system
摘要： In this paper, a high frequency isolated photovoltaic dc side connection system based on dual active bridge (DAB) converter with multiple photovoltaic arrays with parallel input and cascade output is proposed. The power transmission capacity of DAB converter is analyzed, its phase-shifting control strategy is designed, and a 300kW/3kV photovoltaic power generation system model is built in MATLAB/Simulink for simulation. The simulation results verify the feasibility of the system structure and the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
关键词： maximum power point tracking (MPPT),PV array,photovoltaic power generation,dual active bridge (DAB)
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Probabilistic Short-Circuit Current in Active Distribution Networks Considering Low Voltage Ride-Through of Photovoltaic Generation
摘要： The probabilistic short-circuit current (PSCC) of photovoltaic generation is determined by the voltage sag at the grid connection and the low voltage ride-through of the unit during the grid fault, while the voltage sag and the low voltage ride-through are both stochastic. According to short-circuit current characteristics and Thevenin equivalent circuit in the transient state, this paper analyzes the changing trajectory of the equivalent internal potential of photovoltaic generation during the period of low voltage ride-through. To deal with the uncertainty of low voltage ride-through, the probability density function by the maximum entropy method is used to characterize the stochastic process of low voltage disconnection of photovoltaic generation. Based on the fault information, the calculation method of PSCC in active distribution network considering the uncertainty of low voltage ride-through of photovoltaic generation is proposed. Two cases of 9-node and 34-node distribution network are used to verify the effectiveness of the method. The obtained PSCC results can reasonably re?ect the actual short-circuit current level of the active distribution network.
关键词： probabilistic short-circuit current,low voltage ride-through,active distribution network,Photovoltaic
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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A review on state of health estimation for lithium ion batteries in photovoltaic systems
摘要： Enhancing state of health (SOH) estimation accuracy and robustness for battery systems in photovoltaic (PV) systems is a feasible way to improve system performance and economics. Nevertheless, the SOH is not directly measurable and affected by a number of factors, therefore its estimation is challenging. Plenty of SOH estimation methods have been proposed for different applications, but little evaluation and discussion have been made for the SOH estimation for battery management systems in PV systems. In this paper, SOH estimation methods are categorised according to the signals that are used to extract the health indicator. Most methods are based on voltage characteristics while other signals such as temperature, ultrasound and force are also promising for SOH estimation. For each method, the basic theory, advantages and drawbacks are introduced and discussed. Then, a thorough comparison among the existing methods is conducted to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the development of the SOH estimation. Finally, key issues and suggestions on the SOH estimation are discussed to give novel insights to researchers and engineers.
关键词： State of health,Photovoltaic system,Battery management system,Lithium ion battery
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting using Adapted Silicon Based Multi-Junction Solar Cell Structures: Development of Solar Cells and Catalysts, Upscaling of Combined Photovoltaic-Electrochemical Devices and Performance Stability
摘要： Thin film silicon based multi-junction solar cells were developed for application in combined photovoltaic electrochemical systems for hydrogen production from water splitting. Going from single, tandem, triple up to quadruple junctions, we cover a range of open circuit voltages from 0.5 V to 2.8 V at photovoltaic cell (PV) efficiencies above 13%. The solar cells were combined with electrochemical (EC) cells in integrated devices from 0.5 cm2 to 64 cm2. Various combinations of catalyst pairs for the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reaction side (OER and HER) were investigated with respect to electrochemical activity, stability, cost and – important for the integrated device – optical quality of the metal catalyst on the HER side as back reflector of the attached solar cell. The combined PV-EC systems were further investigated under varied operation temperatures and illumination conditions for estimation of outdoor performance and annual fuel production yield. For 0.5 cm2 size combined systems a maximum solar-to-hydrogen efficiency ηSTH = 9.5% was achieved under standard test conditions. For device upscaling to 64 cm2 various concepts of contact interconnects for reduced current and fill factor loss when using large size solar cells were investigated. To replace high performance noble metal based catalyst pairs (Pt/RuO2 or Pt/IrOx), more abundant and cheaper NiMo (HER) and NiFeOx (OER) compounds were prepared via electrodeposition. With the NiMo/NiFeOx catalyst pair we obtained ηSTH = 5.1% for a 64 cm2 size solar cell which was even better than the performance of the Pt/IrO2 system (ηSTH = 4.8%). In simulated day-night cycle operation the NiMo/NiFeOx catalyst pair showed excellent stability over several days. The experimental studies were successfully accompanied by simulation of the entire PV-EC device using a series connection model which allowed studies and pre-estimations of device performance by varying individual components such as catalysts, electrolytes, or solar cells. Based on these results we discuss the prospects and challenges of integrated PV-EC devices on large area for hydrogen and solar fuel production in general.
关键词： water splitting,photovoltaic-electrochemical system,upscaling,silicon solar cells
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04