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Clinical improvement of photoaging-associated facial hyperpigmentation in Korean skin with a picosecond 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser
摘要： Traditional attempts at alleviating photoaging-associated facial pigmentation conditions such as melasma, mottled hyperpigmentation, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation have yielded disfiguring cosmetic results. Laser toning using a low-fluence Q-switched 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser has been more commonly applied to date. However, the treatment efficacy and safety of this approach have not been widely reported. This study therefore evaluated the efficacy and safety of picosecond 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser application for photoaging-associated facial pigmentation treatment in Korean subjects. Forty-seven Korean subjects with photoaging-associated facial pigmentation underwent picosecond 1064-nm laser application. The clinical improvement of 17 patients was assessed by objective measurements such as melanin and erythema indices. All subjects received six biweekly treatments with the laser in a three-pass fashion delivering approximately 2000 to 2500 shots using a zoom handpiece with a spot size of 7 mm, fluence ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 J/cm2, and a repetition rate of 10 Hz. Clinicians evaluated the improvement of pigmentation using the pigmentation area and severity index (PSI), and subjects reported their satisfaction level on a four-point scale. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS version 19.0 for Windows software program (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Forty-seven subjects (45 females and two males) completed this study with a 12-week follow-up period. The average decrease in PSI value at 12 weeks after treatment was 6.85 ± 6.35 points (p < 0.001). The average decreases in the values of the erythema and melanin indices were 19.41 ± 64.64 points (p = 0.234) and 28.88 ± 32.89 points (p = 0.002). An analysis of 32 subjects’ reports (68.1%) suggested good or excellent improvement. No serious adverse effects were observed during treatment or the follow-up period. Picosecond 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser application appears to be safe and effective in improving various photoaging-associated facial pigmentation conditions in Korean skin.
关键词： Melasma,pigmentation,Aging,Picosecond laser,Skin
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation: rapid resolution after 755nm alexandrite picosecond laser treatment
摘要： Minocycline-induced pigmentation (MIP) is an infrequent complication of minocycline therapy, with four subtypes each with distinct clinical features and histologic staining patterns. MIP may resolve following discontinuation of minocycline therapy or it may persist indefinitely. A 64-year-old Caucasian male presented with a 6 month history of progressive blue-gray facial pigmentation distributed symmetrically over his face. One session utilizing a 755 nm picosecond Alexandrite laser resulted in immediate and significant clearance of the pigment in all treated areas. Long-term follow-up at 2 years revealed no recurrence of the MIP.
关键词： pigmentation,lasers,picosecond,Minocycline
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Characterisation of Colour Components and Polymeric Pigments of Commercial Red Wines by Using Selected UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Methods
摘要： The composition of the colour components of commercial red wines from Italy was analysed in terms of total colour, co-pigmentation, SO2-resistant pigments, small and large polymeric pigments, and tannins. A total of 128 wines, including Sangiovese, Cabernet Sauvignon, Nero d’Avola, Merlot, Marzemino, Negroamaro, Aglianico, Cannonau and Rossese di dolceacqua from five vintages (1999 to 2003) were analysed. The composition of the wines showed significant differences in terms of total colour and co-pigmentation. Total colour at 520 nm was highest in Marzemino (7.50±1.5 AU, absorbance units), and then in Aglianico (7.10±2.8 AU) and Cabernet Sauvignon (5.01±2.50 AU). The level of large and small polymeric pigments in Sangiovese wines showed a range from 0.05 to 0.40 and 0.10 to 0.27 AU 520 nm respectively. The variation in the level of polymeric pigments is affected by a number of factors, including vintage, grape composition, fermentation and storage conditions.
关键词： wine,co-pigmentation,Sangiovese,tannins,polymeric pigments
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Insight into the mechanisms of type III minocycline-induced pigmentation removal: A case of repeated immediate pigment clearing with the Q-switched 755-nm alexandrite laser over a 13-year period
摘要： A 68-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis presented for laser treatment of facial pigmentation. He had taken oral minocycline 100 mg 3 times weekly for 8 years (cumulative dose, 124.8 g) because of severe arthritic discomfort. Physical examination showed patchy slate blue/grey hyperpigmentation of the face, gums, teeth, and nail beds, consistent with type III minocycline-induced pigmentation (MP). Two different laser modalities were tested before treatment: Q-switched 755 nm (Qs755nm) alexandrite and Q-switched 1064 nm (Qs1064nm) neodymium:YAG. Qs755nm at 2.0 Hz/4-mm spot/3.4 J/cm2 showed the most improvement, with immediate pigment clearing, and was used for full facial treatment (3450 pulses). Pigment resolution was maintained at 13 months despite continued minocycline use, and the patient was highly satisfied. The patient continued taking minocycline and re-presented 3 times over the next 13 years with facial hyperpigmentation. Each time, immediate pigment clearing was achieved with the Qs755nm alexandrite laser. Histopathology showed intracellular and extracellular type III MP in the dermis, with notably no detectable change in the posttreatment biopsy. However, the extracellular pigment in the posttreatment sample was no longer highlighted by Fontana-Masson (FM) stain, but intracellular pigment continued to stain with FM. The change in melanin staining is consistent with the clinically observed reduction in pigment intensity.
关键词： immediate pigment lightening,minocycline-induced pigmentation,Q-switched alexandrite laser
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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752 Clinical effects of LED blue light on skin pigmentation and carotenoid depletion
摘要： The growing evidence that visible light - and especially blue light - contributes to detrimental effects of sun exposure to skin, is becoming a subject of controversial debate nowadays. In this study we aimed to assess blue light-induced pigmentation and carotenoid depletion in vivo. Furthermore, we wanted to show a protective effect of SPF50 sunscreen formulations in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The UVA/B filter system included the microfine particles titanium dioxide and methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol that extend effectiveness into the blue light range. Comparisons between repetitive irradiation with LED blue light (450 ± 20 nm) with 45 J/cm2 over 5 consecutive days after daily product application (2 mg/cm2) and irradiation only once with 135 J/cm2 after product application over 6 days were performed on the back of the volunteers. The extent of pigmentation and carotenoid depletion was investigated with the assessment of the skin color (ITA°) by chromameter measurements and the in vivo carotenoid concentration via multiple spatially resolved reflectance spectroscopy, respectively. Assessments were performed 5 hours, 24 hours, 1 week and 2 weeks after the last irradiation. Fourteen subjects terminated the study. Both, the single high-dose and the repetitive exposure resulted in comparable, immediate (≤5h) increase of skin pigmentation and carotenoid degradation (p<0.001). Skin pigmentation and carotenoid depletion attenuated on all test conditions already one day after the last irradiation. Both effects were still evident one and two weeks after the last irradiation. The application of the cosmetic formulations including UV pigments that scatter in the blue light range significantly reduced pigmentation (p<0.001) right after irradiation that might be considered for holistic light protection beyond UV.
关键词： carotenoid depletion,SPF50 sunscreen,UVA/B filter system,skin pigmentation,blue light
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Safety of light emitting diode‐red light on human skin: two randomized controlled trials
摘要： Background: Therapeutic applications of light emitting diode-red light (LED-RL) are expanding, yet data on its clinical effects are lacking. Objectives: To evaluate the safety of high fluence LED-RL (≥160 J/cm2). Methods: In two phase I, single-blind, dose escalation, randomized controlled trials, healthy subjects received LED-RL or mock irradiation to the forearm thrice weekly for three weeks at fluences of 160 to 640 J/cm2 for all skin types (STARS 1, n=60) and at 480 to 640 J/cm2 for non-Hispanic Caucasians (STARS 2, n=55). The primary outcome was the incidence of adverse events (AEs). The maximum tolerated dose was the highest fluence that did not elicit predefined AEs. Results: Dose-limiting AEs, including blistering and prolonged erythema, occurred at 480 J/cm2 in STARS 1 (n=1) and 640 J/cm2 in STARS 2 (n=2). AEs of transient erythema and hyperpigmentation were mild. No serious AEs occurred. Conclusions: LED-RL is safe up to 320 J/cm2 for skin of color and 480 J/cm2 for non-Hispanic Caucasian individuals. LED-RL may exert differential cutaneous effects depending on race and ethnicity, with darker skin being more photosensitive. These findings may guide future studies to evaluate the efficacy of LED-RL for the treatment of various diseases. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02630303 and NCT03433222
关键词： Randomized Controlled Trial,Skin Pigmentation,Phototherapy,Low-Level Light Therapy
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Photocarcinogenesis & Photoprotection || Molecular and Genetic Response of Human Skin Under Ultraviolet Radiation
摘要： Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is recognized as an essential risk factor due to its dual role of affecting the human skin. Primarily, it is required for natural vitamin D synthesis in the skin which is indispensable for human health in many constructive ways. On the other hand, UV radiation acts as a non-specific damaging agent and a mutagen as well. UV radiation has potential to cause both cancer initiation and progression. Excessive and repeated exposure to UV is associated with health risks, including pigment changes, wrinkle formation, atrophy, and malignancy. Epidemiologically and molecularly UV is linked to DNA damage, either directly or indirectly via oxidative injury resulting in various types of skin cancer. Genetic factors also stimulate threat of UV-mediated skin anomalies. This chapter emphasizes on genetic and molecular mechanisms of pigmentation, tanning, DNA damage and repair, Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene expression, photoproduct formation, and p53 mutation.
关键词： UV radiation,MC1R,Pigmentation,Photoproduct,DNA damage
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Photo Protection against Visible Light Induced Pigmentation
摘要： This paper presents in vivo an in vitro studies demonstrating the induction of pigmentation in human skin by visible light which can be blocked by using formulation containing the correct amount of yellow iron oxide (YIO). An in vitro absorption method was developed to determine the protection provided by a test formulation containing 4.5% YIO using an IPD UVA-VIS action spectrum. Following the development of the in vitro method and in vivo study with 10 normal healthy volunteers with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV to VI was conducted to verify if the predictive model. The in vitro model for visible light protection provided a protection factor of 2.5 using the in vitro absorption spectrum of 4.5% of YIO with a very similar result from the in vivo study with a protection factor of 3.0. Multiple daily exposures of visible light have shown increase in skin pigmentation and the application of YIO provide less development of pigmentation when compared to unprotected skin. In vitro testing of the absorbance of the pigmented formulation using a proposed action spectrum for immediate pigment darkening (IPD) response in the visible light range supports the in vivo protection observations for persistent pigment darkening (PPD) and can be used as predictor for skin pigmentation induced by visible light.
关键词： visible light,in vitro,in vivo,yellow iron oxide,pigmentation
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Asymptomatic Unexplained Visual Field Loss Diagnosed as Early Retinitis Pigmentosa without Pigmentation: A Case Report
摘要： Purpose: We report a case of asymptomatic unexplained visual field loss diagnosed as early retinitis pigmentosa (RP) without pigmentation. Case summary: A 33-year-old woman was referred to us with a constricted visual field (C24-2) before laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis surgery. The visual field test (C30-2) revealed significantly decreased sensitivity between 15 to 25 degrees in both eyes. Close fundus examination revealed a subtle greyish retinal atrophic lesion along the vascular arcade and fluorescein angiography revealed a window defect in accordance with a retinal atrophic lesion in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography showed decreased retinal thickness around the macula. Electroretinogram revealed decreased b waves in rod response. Based on these findings, we diagnosed the patient with early RP without pigmentation. Conclusions: The possibility of early RP without pigmentation presenting as slight atrophy around the macula without significant pigmental degeneration should also be considered if a patient presents with peripheral visual field constriction without other symptoms. The ophthalmologist should ensure that the location of the visual field defect matches the location of the lesion. In addition, a detailed fundus examination with macular optical coherence tomography can be helpful to diagnose such a lesion.
关键词： Constricted central visual field,Electroretinogram,Macular optical coherence tomography,Early retinitis pigmentosa (RP) without pigmentation
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46