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Effect of H?SO? Solution Treating on the Adhesion, Charge Transfer and Catalytic Performance of Screen‐Printed PEDOT:PSS
摘要： Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films screen-printed on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates, to improve their charge transfer efficiency. Different H2SO4 solutions including concentrated H2SO4 and H2SO4 diluted with H2O or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were adopted during the post-treatment. The adhesion of the as-treated films was evaluated by adhesive tape peeling tests, the surface morphology and vertical charge transfer from the films to the substrates were investigated by current-sensing atomic force microscopy, and the catalytic activities toward I3- reduction of PEDOT:PSS films were characterized via electrochemical measurements. It is discovered that selecting proper H2SO4 solutions is crucial to improve the charge transfer efficiency and catalytic performance while maintaining the reliable adhesion of the film on the substrates, and H2SO4/DMSO performs best as the solution for post-treatment. A schematic mechanism was proposed based on different interactions among solution, PEDOT:PSS and the substrate in the case of various post-treatment solutions.
关键词： charge transfer,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate),screen printing,catalysis,post-treatment
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Copper Nanowire Dispersion through an Electrostatic Dispersion Mechanism for High-Performance Flexible Transparent Conducting Films and Optoelectronic Devices
摘要： Highly dispersed copper nanowire (CuNW) is an essential prerequisite for its practical application in various electronic devices. At present, the dispersion of CuNW is almost realized through the steric hindrance effect of polymers. However, the high post-treatment temperature of polymers makes this dispersion mechanism impractical for many actual applications. Here, after investigating the relationships between the electrostatic dispersion force and influence factors, an electrostatic dispersion mechanism is refined by us. Under the guidance of this mechanism, high dispersion of CuNW and a record low post-treatment temperature (80 ℃ ) are realized simultaneously. The high dispersity endows CuNW with good stability (–45.66 mV) in water-based ink, high uniformity (65.7 ± 2.5 Ω sq-1) in the prepared transparent conducting film (TCF) (23 cm × 23 cm) and industrial film-preparation process which are the issues that hinder the widespread application of CuNW-based TCF at present. The low post-treatment temperature makes CuNW possible for applying on any substrate. In addition, the charge modifier, 2-mercaptoethanol, enables CuNW to resist oxidation well. Finally, flexible optoelectronic devices employing the CuNW film as the electrode are fabricated and show efficiencies comparable to those of optoelectronic devices on ITO/glass.
关键词： copper nanowires,flexible optoelectronic devices,electrostatic dispersion mechanism,transparent conducting films,post-treatment temperatures
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Restricting ?′-phase transformation of HC(NH2)2PbI3via iodine-vacancy filling for efficient perovskite solar cells; ???è?￥?￠???o??????????′-HC(NH2)2PbI3?????￥????¤?é??????¤aé?3??μ?±?;
摘要： Formamidinium lead halide (α-FAPbI3) with a broad light absorption spectrum, has recently received considerable attention in optoelectronic applications. However, the FAI-PbI2-DMSO (DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide) intermediate anisotropic fibers readily form a non-perovskite phase (δ-FAPbI3) and uncontrolled excess PbI2, which hinders the further increase in the efficiencies of solar cells. Calculations indicate that iodine defects in polycrystalline films would enlarge the perovskite tolerance factor and result in the formation of iodide Frenkel defects. Herein, we introduce a post-treatment technique to heal the as-prepared FAPbI3 thin layer and restrain the notorious δ-FAPbI3 through vacancy filling. Furthermore, a new intermediate phase of FAI-PbI2-DMSO-FACl led to a high-quality perovskite layer with an enlarged average grain size that exceeded 2 μm. Consequently, the power conversion efficiencies of FAPbI3 solar cells were significantly enhanced due to the high crystallity of the pure α-phase perovskite. Therefore, this method can be used to obtain high pure-black perovskite films and efficient solar cells.
关键词： formamidinium perovskite solar cells,iodine vacancy,post-treatment,nonperovskite phase
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Effect of two-step post-treatment on optical properties, microstructure, and nanosecond laser damage threshold of HfO <sub/>2</sub> /TiO <sub/>2</sub> /SiO <sub/>2</sub> multilayer high reflection films
摘要： HfO2/TiO2/SiO2 periodic multilayer high reflection films deposited by an electron beam are post-treated by two-step post-treatment and thermal annealing post-treatment, respectively. The optical properties, microstructures, surface morphologies, and laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are studied comparatively. The results show that the two-step post-treatment enhances the high reflection films’ density and reduces the film surface roughness and the defects of the film. The test results show that the LIDT of HfO2/TiO2/SiO2 high reflection films treated by two-step post-treatment reaches 32.8 J/cm2, which is 110.26% higher than that of the untreated film. Compared with the HfO2/TiO2/SiO2 high reflection films after thermal annealing post-treatment, the LIDT increased nearly 27.6% after two-step post-treatment. Two-step post-treatment of high reflection films can effectively remove the defects on the surface of the film, reduce the oxygen vacancies inside the film, and further increase the laser damage threshold of the high reflection films.
关键词： laser-induced damage threshold,HfO2/TiO2/SiO2,two-step post-treatment,thermal annealing,multilayer high reflection films
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Enhanced efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells by 2D perovskite vapor-assisted interface optimization
摘要： Organic-inorganic perovskites solar cells (PSCs) have attracted great attention due to their rapid progress in power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, there is still an enormous challenge to achieve both high efficiency and stability devices as the decomposition of perovskite materials under humid and light conditions. Herein, we demonstrate that high efficiency and stability of PSCs can be obtained by the reaction of three-dimensional (3D) perovskite with 1, 4-butanediamine iodide (BEAI2) vapor. The incorporation of BEAI2 intensively promotes the crystallization of perovskite film with large grain size (~500 nm). Further characterization reveals that the post-treatment perovskite film delivered low interface trap density with long carrier lifetime (> 200 ns), long carrier diffusion length (> 600 nm) and large carrier mobility (> 1.5 cm2 V-1 S-1). Solar cells employing such post-treatment films demonstrated 19.58% PCE without hysteresis. Moreover, the post-treatment devices can retain over 90% original efficiencies stored under ambient atmospheric conditions and exhibit better stability under 85 °C and continuous illumination as a two-dimensional (2D) perovskite thin layer is formed on the surface/or at the grain boundaries of 3D perovskite. This study offers an effective way to obtain PSCs with high efficiency and stability.
关键词： Mobility,Post-treatment,Perovskite solar cells,2D/3D perovskite,Carrier diffusion length
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Interface Engineering by Employing Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8) as the only Scaffold in the Architecture of Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： In this study, we employed Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8) at the interlayer between the compact TiO2 and perovskite layers. As a result, enhanced perovskite crystallinity and grain sizes, and considerably improved photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cell (PSC) were achieved. It was demonstrated that the ZIF-8 film includes all characteristics suitable for being applied as scaffold in the PSCs with the advantage of easier synthesis approach in room temperature in comparison to the mesoporous TiO2 counterpart. Moreover, we replaced the thermal annealing process commonly applied on the perovskite layers with room temperature ultrasonic vibration post treatment of wet perovskite films.
关键词： zeolitic imidazolate framework,Perovskite solar cells,room temperature,ultrasonic vibration post treatment,grain size
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Lithium-assisted synergistic engineering of charge transport both in GBs and GI for Ag-substituted Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells
摘要： Although silver (Ag) substitution offers several benefits in eliminating bulk defects and facilitating interface type inversion for Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) photovoltaic (PV) technology, its further development is still hindered by the fairly low electrical conductivity due to the significant decrease of acceptors amount. In this work, a versatile Li-Ag co-doping strategy is demonstrated to mitigate the poor electrical conductivity arising from Ag through direct incorporating Li via postdeposition treatment (PDT) on top of the Ag-substituted CZTSSe absorber. Depth characterizations demonstrate that Li incorporation increases p-type carrier concentration, improves the carrier collection within the bulk, reduces the defects energy level as well as inverts the electric field polarity at grain boundaries (GBs) for Ag-substituted CZTSSe system. Benefiting from this lithium-assisted complex engineering of electrical performance both in grain interior (GI) and GBs, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is finally increased from 9.21% to 10.29%. This systematic study represents an effective way to overcome the challenges encountered in Ag substitution, and these findings support a new aspect that the synergistic effects of double cation dopant will further pave the way for the development of high efficiency kesterite PV technology.
关键词： Ag substitution,Alkali doping,Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4,Thin film solar cell,Post-treatment
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Effects of TiCl4 post-treatment on the performance of hole transport material-free, screen printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells with carbon electrode
摘要： The prevention of current leakage in perovskite solar cells is an effective method for improving performance of devices. In this work, we treated a surface of TiO2 compact layer by the way of hydrolyzing TiCl4 aqueous solution and have investigated the influence of TiCl4 post-treatment on the performance of hole transport material-free, screen printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells with carbon electrode. The device, which fabricated by TiO2 compact layer post-treated with TiCl4 aqueous solution for 50 min, has achieved highest device performance, with a short-circuit current density of 23.28 mA cm-2, an open circuit voltage of 0.98 V, a fill factor of 0.65 and the power conversion efficiency of 14.83%. The improved device performance is attributed to inhibition of charge recombination at the fluorine-doped tin oxide/perovskite interface and improvement of charge transport ability of the TiO2 compact layer by TiCl4 post-treatment.
关键词： Hole transport material-free,Chemical bath deposition,Titanium tetrachloride post-treatment,One-step deposition,Perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Fabrication and characterizations of highly transparent Tb3Ga5O12 magneto-optical ceramics
摘要： Terbium gallium garnet (TGG) precursor was synthesized by the co-precipitation method from the mixed solution of terbium and gallium nitrates using ammonium hydrogen carbonate (AHC) as the precipitant. Fine and low-agglomerated TGG powders with the average particle size of 158 nm were obtained by calcining the precursor at 1100 °C for 4 h. Then, TGG transparent ceramics were successfully fabricated by a new two-step sintering method. The TGG ceramics pre-sintered at 1500 °C for 3 h in air and then HIP post-treated at 1550 °C for 3 h under 150 MPa argon gas showed the best optical quality and the in-line transmittance was 80.3% at 1064 nm. The Verdet constant of the TGG ceramic at 633 nm was about 136.8 rad T?1 m?1, which was rather close to that of the commercial TGG single crystal. High transparency and high Verdet constant make it an attractive alternative for the high-power Faraday isolators.
关键词： TGG,Transparent ceramics,Air pre-sintering,HIP post-treatment
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Manganese phosphinocarbodithioate for RAFT polymerisation with sunlight-induced chain end post-treatment
摘要： A new manganese RAFT agent of the formula Cp(CO)2MnP(Ph)2C(vS)SCH(CH3)Ph was synthesized in a good overall yield by a three-step reaction from cymantrene and diphenylphosphine as the main starting materials. This complex proved to be e?cient for the control of RAFT polymerisation of St, n-BA and DMAAm. The reaction course could be conveniently monitored by 31P NMR spectroscopy. The controlled character of these polymerisations and the integrity of the polymer chain ends were demonstrated by the synthesis of diblock copolymers of St and n-BA. In the case of long polymerisation times (i.e. for PSt), photo-induced polymer chain coupling reactions were detected. Importantly, removal of the Mn-RAFT-ω-chain end by visible light irradiation led to the formation of a monomodal SH-terminated PSt. These phenomena were evidenced by IR spectroscopy, SEC with RI and UV detection modes and by ESI mass spectrometry.
关键词： sunlight-induced chain end post-treatment,visible light irradiation,manganese phosphinocarbodithioate,RAFT polymerisation,diblock copolymers
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14