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Classification of Sugar Beets Based on Hyperspectral and Extreme Learning Machine Methods
摘要： Sugar beet varieties were classified based on hyperspectral technology and the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) algorithm. The influences of seven pretreatment methods, namely, Savitzky-Golay smoothing (SG), the first derivative (FD) method, SG smoothing combined with the FD method (SG-FD), logarithmic transformation (LT), LT combined with the FD method (LT-FD), the standard normal variate (SNV) method, and SNV combined with the FD method (SNV-FD), on the recognition performance of the ELM model were analyzed to select the best pretreatment method. To simplify the input variables, the standard deviation peak method was used to extract the feature bands for different preprocessed spectral data. The experimental results showed that for different pretreatment methods, the recognition rates of sugar beet varieties by ELM models were all over 80%. Additionally, the combination of different pretreatment methods and FD effectively improved the signal-to-noise ratio and enhanced the accuracy and stability of spectral models. Overall, the recognition accuracy of the ELM models established based on the feature bands was better than that established based on all bands, which suggests that the feature bands extracted by the standard deviation peak method are effective. Based on the SG-FD pretreatment method, the ELM models established using all bands and feature bands both achieved the highest recognition effect. Specifically, the recognition rates of the prediction sets were 93.94% and 95.45%, respectively.
关键词： Standard deviation peak method,ELM,Different pretreatment methods,Sugar beet variety,Hyperspectral
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 19th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT) - Shanghai (2018.8.8-2018.8.11)] 2018 19th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT) - Effect of Pretreatment on Copper Filling of High Aspect Ratio Through-Silicon Via (TSV)
摘要： Ultrasound and vacuum pretreatment with pure water as prewetting solution could achieve good wetting effect, not only improving the filling quality but filling rate as well. In this paper, we studied the effects of pretreatment with SPS(Na2(SO3(CH2)3S)2) as prewetting solution on the filling processes in three commercial bath systems. By means of LSV and EIS, we analyzed the functional mechanism of the SPS in the pretreatment. According to the electrochemical test results, electroplating experiments were further carried out under different current densities to analyze the filling process and finally put forward a feasible proposal to optimize the proportion of additives and the electric parameters used in the void-free electro deposition.
关键词： TSV filling,pretreatment,electrodeposition,3D integration
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Surface Pretreatment of Fiber-Reinforced Plastics via VUV Radiation
摘要： Fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) are of great importance for the transport sector, the aerospace industry, for wind power plants, in the building sector and in the field of sports and leisure applications. Optimization of the adhesive bonding process for FRP structures, especially the surface preparation prior to bonding, will be of a central importance in forthcoming expansion of FRP use. In this connection the key problem depends on the FRP polymer matrix. In the case of duroplastic matrix the main problem is the presence of release agent on the surface of joining components. For the thermoplastic matrix such as polypropylene (PP), the main problems are the low surface energy and the inertness of its surface. Conventional pretreatment methods, such as manual grinding, shall be replaced by energetic radiation technics like VUV lamps (vacuum ultraviolet spectral range: 100 – 200 nm). This approach is a non-contact method, characterized by high treatment homogeneity and material-saving properties, combined with no further fibers to be released. The surface of the thermoplastics is activated by the incorporation of oxygen, release agent contamination on the thermoset is cleaned or modified [1 - 8]. The results of the VUV surface activation of PP and CFRP with regard to the incorporation of functional groups, increase of surface energy, matrix degradation and the adhesion increase of adhesive bonds are presented. In addition, studies on the release agent coating and the release agent modification by VUV radiation are presented. The work is completed by considerations concerning possibilities to accelerate the process (in particular, wavelength dependence, influence of an inert gas or the moisture content). Finally, an evaluation of the VUV pretreatment is carried out on the basis of two specific applications.
关键词： VUV,irradiation,excimer,release agent,surface pretreatment,CFRP,FRP,GRP
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Rapid and sensitive surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy detection for norepinephrine in biofluids
摘要： Norepinephrine (NE) is a kind of catecholamine neurotransmitter that participates significant function in living organism. Rapid and sensitive detection target in complex system is crucial in analytical science. A facile ferric citrate (CA‐Fe (III)) sensor was designed successfully for sensitive detection of NE by surface‐enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) method. This CA‐Fe (III) sensor was prepared by modifying Fe (III) on the surface of uniform Au nanoparticles (NPs) wrapped with citrate (CA) stabilizer. The implementation of NE selective detection is attributed to significant enhancement provided by Au NPs and additional enhancement provided by ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer between chromophore and analyte. In addition, a universal CH3OH, HCl, and petroleum ether added in sequence pretreatment method was developed and applied to purify and enrich the target in practical biological sample, realizing selective detection of NE in biofluids. This novel sensor combined with SERRS and pretreatment strategy not only amplifies the Raman signal of NE but also paves the way for pretreating sample in complex system.
关键词： norepinephrine,pretreatment method,ferric citrate sensor,surface‐enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy,biofluids
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Evaluation of photocatalytic thin film pretreatment on anaerobic degradability of exopolymer extracted biosolids for biofuel generation
摘要： This study reports the result of sodium citrate induced exopolymer extraction on the photocatalytic thin film (TiO2) pretreatment efficiency of waste activated sludge (WAS). TiO2 is immobilized through DC spluttering method followed by annealing process. The exopolymer removal of 94.2 % by sodium citrate (0.05 g/g SS) promotes better disintegration. This TiO2 thin film efficiently extricate the intracellular components of exopolymer extracted sludge at 50 minutes increasing the solubilization to 19.33 %. As a result, the exopolymer extracted sludge shows high methane generation (0.24 gCOD/gCOD) than the other (pretreated sludge without exopolymer removal – 0.12 gCOD/gCOD and raw sludge without treatment – 0.075 gCOD/gCOD). The methane generated in sodium citrate induced TiO2 thin film pretreated sludge is 398.99 kWh. In cost analysis, it gives net cost of -57.46 USD/ ton of sludge. In addition, the proposed method also accounts 51.3 % of solid reduction.
关键词： Methane,Photocatalytic oxidation,Sodium citrate,Pretreatment,Cost analysis
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Quantum dots are conventionally applicable for wide-profiling of wall polymer distribution and destruction in diverse cells of rice
摘要： Plant cell walls represent enormous biomass resources for biofuels, and it thus becomes important to establish a sensitive and wide-applicable approach to visualize wall polymer distribution and destruction during plant growth and biomass process. Despite quantum dots (QDs) have been applied to label biological specimens, little is reported about its application in plant cell walls. Here, semiconductor QDs (CdSe/ZnS) were employed to label the secondary antibody directed to the epitopes of pectin or xylan, and sorted out the optimal conditions for visualizing two polysaccharides distribution in cell walls of rice stem. Meanwhile, the established QDs approach could simultaneously highlight wall polysaccharides and lignin co-localization in different cell types. Notably, this work demonstrated that the QDs labeling was sensitive to profile distinctive wall polymer destruction between alkali and acid pretreatments with stem tissues of rice. Hence, this study has provided a powerful tool to characterize wall polymer functions in plant growth and development in vivo, as well as their distinct roles during biomass process in vitro.
关键词： Glycan immunolabeling,Plant cell wall,Biomass,Rice,Quantum dots,Chemical pretreatment
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Recent Progress in Organic Phototransistors: from Semiconductor Materials, Device Structures to Optoelectronic Applications
摘要： Chitooligosaccharides (COSs) have continuously attracted considerable attention as numerous biological activities. The highly ef?cient preparation of COSs, however, is still a challenge. In this paper, a clean two-stage method is developed to hydrolyze chitosan at high concentration into COSs, comprising of pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydrolysis with food-grade cellulase. The pretreatment reduced the viscosity of chitosan solution quickly, making more chitosan dissolving. Chitosan solution at high concentration (9%, w/v) was successfully prepared by fed-batch chitosan during the oxidative pretreatment. Within 6 h, the chitosan was enzymatically hydrolyzed to oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization (DP) of 2e9 and a small amount of monosaccharide, which was analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and MALDI-TOF MS. In addition, the results from FT-IR and NMR spectra demonstrated the chemical structure of degraded chitosan was not signi?cantly altered. In summary, the two-stage method shows great potential in large-scale production of COSs. Besides, it is expected to couple with membrane bioreactor and immobilized enzyme technology to realize production of COSs with controlled molecular weight.
关键词： Cellulase,Fed-batch,High concentration,Chitooligosaccharides,Oxidation pretreatment
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Laser Irradiation for Improving the Wetting of Nanoparticle Gold Inks for Printed Electronics
摘要： Digital printing technologies such as inkjet or Aerosol Jet are becoming increasingly interesting for the manufacturing of electronic devices. As a maskless and contactless process it offers the potential for low-cost deposition of functional materials onto flat, flexible or 3D-substrates. Common inks used for printed electronics are nanoparticle metal inks. Silver (Ag) is widely used because of its excellent conductivity, but also gold (Au) inks are of interest for several applications. By using nanoparticle inks it is possible to integrate conductive paths and sensors onto temperature sensitive substrate materials such as polymers. Polymers often need a pretreatment like a plasma treatment for improving the wetting. Plasma treatment usually changes the wetting behavior of the complete substrate surface. This could be critical for some applications, e.g. fluidic applications, where the original properties of the substrate should be kept. Low pressure plasma as a vacuum process is also difficult for implementation into an existing process. In this work laser irradiation for local improvement of wetting of an inkjet-printed gold ink on polymer substrates is investigated. The experiments show that laser irradiation is a very promising technique for the modification of polymer surfaces and suitable for inkjet printing nanoparticle inks on hydrophobic polymer surfaces. This offers new opportunities for printed electronics, which could be easily integrated into existing processes.
关键词： laser pretreatment,wetting,gold ink,inkjet printing
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) - Seoul, Korea (South) (2019.1.27-2019.1.31)] 2019 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) - Wrinkled Microelectrode Interface Based on Oil-Pretreated Hyperelastic Substrate
摘要： This paper reports a unique fabrication method to obtain wrinkled microelectrodes with different surface morphologies based on different hyperelastic substrates for the first time. The wrinkle microstructures are enhanced by mixture silicone oil in the uncured poly (dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) or Ecoflex polymer followed by oil-extraction in chloroform and depositing 5 μm Parylene-C film. The wrinkle amplitude of the oil-pretreated PDMS and Ecoflex with Parylene-C top layer show 5-fold and 125-fold increase than the unpretreated ones, respectively. Besides, the wrinkled 3D microelectrode surface distinctly exhibits greater electrochemical properties than the flat 2D one, with impedance decreases of 29.2% and 38.9% for the oil-pretreated PDMS and Ecoflex elastomer.
关键词： oil-pretreatment,wrinkled microelectrodes,electrochemical properties,Parylene-C,hyperelastic substrate
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Adapted Pechini method to prepare DSA type electrodes of RuO2-ZrO2 doped with Sb2O5 over titanium plates
摘要： This paper describes a thermal method to obtain metal oxides on a titanium substrate surface. This adapted Pechini method is a versatile, easy to handle and scalable technique to obtain electrodes for industrial uses, such as Dimensionally Stable Anodes (DSA). This method has advantages over other thermal methods like dip coating or sputtering, as it needs a smaller amount of polymeric mixture than dip coating method to cover the same area and is less expensive than sputtering method. The thermal method described herein to prepare DSA type electrodes of RuO2-ZrO2 doped with Sb2O5 over titanium plates needs no sophisticated equipment as spray pyrolysis technique does; a muffle, ultrasonic equipment, and a hot plate magnetic stirrer are the principal apparatus necessary to carry out the adapted Pechini method. On the other hand, this method allows metal oxides to disperse homogeneously. The cyclic voltammograms showed the stability of DSA, and the accelerated life test allowed establishing its useful life (18.18 years) at a current density of 10 mA cm-2.
关键词： Zirconium oxide ZrO2,thermal method,polymer mixture,Dimensionally Stable Anode,pretreatment of the titanium,metallic precursors,Antimony oxide Sb2O5,Ruthenium oxide RuO2
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36