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Evaluating the efficiency of γ-valerolactone/water/acid system on Eucalyptus pretreatment by confocal Raman microscopy and enzymatic hydrolysis for bioethanol production
摘要： g-Valerolactone (GVL)/water/acid has been developed as a mild solvent system to pretreat biomass. In this study, Eucalyptus was pretreated with 80/20 GVL/water with the addition of H2SO4 (20e100 mM) at 120 (cid:1)C for 30e60 min, and the resulting cellulose-enriched residual fractions were further enzymatically hydrolyzed. Results showed that the pretreatment of Eucalyptus with GVL/water/acid system led to a significant decrease in the contents of lignin and hemicelluloses, and the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of the pretreated sample was significantly improved. Meanwhile, the removal of lignin and hemicelluloses from the cell walls during the pretreatment process was monitored by the confocal Raman spectra. Under the optimum conditions (50 mM H2SO4 and 60 min), the delignification rate was up to 90.7% and the cellulose content in the residue was reached to 86.1%. The high cellulose content led to a high cellulose conversion rate and the glucose yield was 6.1-fold higher than that of the raw material without pretreatment. In short, this process provided an efficient approach to remove hemicelluloses and lignin from Eucalyptus to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis for bioethanol production.
关键词： Pretreatment,g-Valerolactone,Confocal Raman microscopy,Enzymatic hydrolysis
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Synthesis g-C <sub/>3</sub> N <sub/>4</sub> of high specific surface area by precursor pretreatment strategy with SBA-15 as a template and their photocatalytic activity toward degradation of rhodamine B
摘要： Using SBA-15 as a template, high surface area porous graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3N4) were successfully synthesized by pretreating melamine using hydrochloric acid, and fully characterized by Fourier-Transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron micrographs (SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The results of these analyses indicated that the g-C3N4 synthesized from HCl-pretreated melamine with SBA-15 as a template has enhanced specific surface area and increased the separation rate of the photogenerated electrons and holes compared with bulk g-C3N4, but didn’t change the structure of bulk g-C3N4. The photocatalytic activity of samples was evaluated by the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under xenon lamp. The results indicated that the activity was improved significantly with the increase of specific surface area. The rate constant for CN-3（ HCl pretreatment melamine precursor and SBA-15 as a template） was 13 times as high as g-C3N4. Furthermore, the CN-3 catalyst exhibited outstanding structural and catalytic stability.
关键词： precursor pretreatment strategy,SBA-15 template,g-C3N4,Degradation of RhB,high surface area
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14