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Deposition of Organosilicon-Plasma Coating onto Fine Graphite Micropowder with a Downstream Tubular PECVD Reactor
摘要： Fine graphite micropowder was processed in a downstream tubular reactor to perform a fast and homogeneous plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of an organosilicon-plasma coating onto the powder surface. As a single process run results in the deposition of a non-continuous coating, consisting of a nanoparticle distribution, on the powder surface, the powder was repeatedly reprocessed until a continuous coating was obtained. The coating was imaged with focused ion-beam scanning electron microscopy and chemically characterized with Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The assessment of the powder flowability was also performed to investigate the roughness of the coated surface. The chemical characterization indicated that the coating is composed of amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide with a little oxygen contamination.
关键词： PECVD,FIB-SEM,Micropowders,XPS
更新于2025-11-21 11:20:42
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Analysis of Cu doping concentration on PbS thin films for the fabrication of solar cell using feasible nebulizer spray pyrolysis
摘要： This report portrays the analysis of Cu doping concentration (%) on PbS thin films prepared by feasible nebulizer spray technique. The doping percentage of Cu was increased from 0% to 8% in steps of 2%. X-ray diffraction study of the films evinces the nature of the films as polycrystalline with simple cubic crystal structure. The calculated crystallite size was varied from 55 to 41 nm on increasing the Cu doping concentration. SEM/AFM studies proclaim that the cubic shaped grains have covered the entire film surface. The shape of grains was amended with respect to the increase in Cu doping concentration. An elevation in band gap from 1.61 eV to 2.10 eV was spotted for the raise in Cu doping concentration from 0% to 6%. The near band edge emission peak at 575 nm was sensed from PL spectra in which the intensity was enhanced. Hall Effect measurement declared the p-type conductivity nature for the prepared PbS films. Resistivity and carrier-concentration values are 0.73×103 Ωcm and 6.04×1013 cm-3 respectively for 6% Cu doped PbS thin films. Efficiency for the solar cell FTO/n-CdS/p-Cu:PbS structure constructed with 6% Cu doped PbS film is about 0.68%.
关键词： X-ray diffraction,PL spectra,Hall Effect measurement,AFM/SEM,Cu doped PbS film
更新于2025-11-21 11:18:25
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Fabrication and characterization of lead sulfide (PbS) thin film based heterostructure (FTO/CdS/PbS/Ag) solar cell by nebulizer spray method
摘要： This work deals with the study on the key properties of PbS thin films prepared by simple nebulizer spray method. The structural study done by XRD exhibited cubic crystal structure with polycrystalline nature for the deposited PbS films. The obtained crystallite size was varied between 41 to 55 nm for various molar concentrations. The morphology study done by SEM displays uniform distribution of the grains all over the surface of the prepared PbS thin films. The observed band gap value was decreased from 1.8 eV to 1.51 eV for various molar concentrations. The emitted PL intensity was strong at about 580 nm which is related to the near band edge (NBE) emission. Electrical studies performed by Hall Effect measurement confirm the p-type conductivity of prepared films. Resistivity and carrier concentrations are 2.92×103 Ω-cm and 4.83×1013cm-3 respectively for the deposited films. In addition, a heterojunction solar cell of structure FTO/n-CdS/p-PbS/Ag was produced and its conversion efficiency was ~ 0.39%.
关键词： SEM,PbS,Heterojunction device.,Hall Effect,Photoluminescence
更新于2025-11-21 11:18:25
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Synthesis of Nanocrystalline SnxCd1?xS Thin Films Capped with Thioglycerol and Methanol (TGM) and Study of Optical and Structural Properties
摘要： Nanostructured CdS (nCdS) and ternary SnxCd1?xS thin films capped with thioglycerol and methanol in 1:1 ratio in aqueous medium were prepared using hydrated stannous chloride (SnCl2·2H2O), anhydrous cadmium acetate (CH3COO)Cd·2H2O and thiourea (CS(NH2)2) as sources of Sn, Cd and S ions, respectively. Thickness of the film drastically decreases for low concentrations (0–2%) of Sn doping, then increases for (2–3%) and 5% Sn doping. Effects of Sn concentration variation on the optical properties, photoluminescence and structural properties of the nanoparticles were studied. The optical transmittance measurement using ultraviolet–visible–near infrared spectroscopy showed more than 80% transparency in the wavelength range 450–800 nm for 3% and 5% Sn doping. The direct optical band gap value of nanoCdS thin films was obtained as 2.91 eV, which decreased with Sn doping for its varying concentrations. Photoconductivity gain was negligible. A decrease in intensity of lower wavelength emission at 430 nm in nCdS was observed to have (2–5)% Sn content. X-ray diffraction patterns and selected area electron diffraction patterns confirmed formation of the nanocrystalline hexagonal CdSnS phase. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope measurements of the CdSnS thin films show that the particle size lies well under 20 nm.
关键词： SEM,TEM,photoluminescence,Optical study,XRD
更新于2025-11-21 11:18:25
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CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED BY CO PRECIPITATION METHOD
摘要： Objective: In the present study the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles was investigated against gram negative (Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris) and gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) organisms. Methods: The synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was carried out by co-precipitation method using zinc sulfate and sodium hydroxide as precursors. These nanoparticles were characterized by XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation), UV-Visible spectroscopy and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) with EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis). As well as antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the nanoparticles were carried out by agar well diffusion method and broth dilution method respectively against gram negative (Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris) and gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) bacteria. Results: The average crystallite size of ZnO nanoparticles was found to be 35 nm by X-ray diffraction. The vibration bands at 450 and 603 cm-1 which were assigned for ZnO stretching vibration were observed in FTIR spectrum. The optical absorption band at 383 nm was obtained from UV-Visible spectrum. Spherical shape morphology was observed in SEM studies. The antibacterial assay clearly expressed that E. coli showed a maximum zone of inhibition (32±0.20 mm) followed by Proteus vulgaris (30±0.45 nm) at 50 mg/ml concentration of ZnO nanoparticles. Conclusion: Zinc oxide nanoparticles have exhibited good antibacterial activity with gram negative bacteria when compared to gram positive bacteria.
关键词： EDX,SEM,MIC,FTIR,UV-VISIBLE spectroscopy,XRD,ZnO nanoparticles
更新于2025-11-21 11:18:25
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Microstructure and properties of laser interference crystallized amorphous FeSiB ribbon
摘要： The influence of Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser interference heating, using 120 mJ of pulse energy and a variable number of consecutive pulses, on the microstructure and magnetic properties of amorphous Fe80Si11B9 alloy was examined. Microstructural analysis, using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, was complemented by results of M?ssbauer spectroscopy and measurement of magnetic properties (vibrating sample magnetometer). Periodically distributed crystallized micro-areas, *10 lm in diameter, in an amorphous matrix were produced by the treatments. Magnetization measurements showed that the as-cast ribbon and laser light irradiated samples are magnetically soft materials. The results lead to the conclusion that the dots corresponding to the laser modified regions exhibit a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.
关键词： Laser interference heating,SEM,TEM,FeSiB amorphous alloy,Magnetic properties
更新于2025-11-14 17:04:02
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Straw Degradation Behaviors under Different Conditions of Relative Air Humidity and Ultraviolet-A Irradiation
摘要： In this study, straw was degraded continuously for 150 days under one of three levels of relative air humidity (RH) (90%, 60%, or 30%) to estimate the effect of humidity on straw biodegradation. Moreover, straw was treated with ultraviolet (UV)-A irradiation + 90% RH for 180 days to evaluate the interaction between photodegradation and biodegradation. The effects of 30% and 60% RH on straw degradation was inconspicuous. Straw mass losses at 90% RH and UV-A + 90% RH were 18.5% and 39.1%, respectively. BIOLOG analysis showed that filamentous fungi played a major role in straw biodegradation. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that treatment with UV-A + 90% RH tended to increase the maximum pyrolysis rate and decreased the initial pyrolysis temperature. Compared with 90% RH, infrared spectra analysis showed that functional groups of UV-A + 90% RH treatment, e.g., –CH, –C=O, and the benzene ring structure, clearly decreased. Straw-degrading bacteria were observed by scanning electron microscopy at the beginning and end of UV-A + 90% RH treatment. Results highlight the role of humidity in the degree of straw biodegradation by filamentous fungi. Straw degradation is accelerated by the combined action of photodegradation and biodegradation under high UV-A irradiation and high humidity.
关键词： Relative air humidity,Biodegradation,TGA,Photodegradation,Ultraviolet-A irradiation,BIOLOG,SEM,ATR-FTIR
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Characterization, optical and luminescence features of cobalt ions in multi-component PbO Al2O3TeO2GeO2SiO2 glass ceramics
摘要： Glass ceramics of the composition PbOeAl2O3eTeO2eGeO2eSiO2 doped with CoO (ranging between 0 and 1.0 mol %) were prepared by melt quenching technique followed by heat treatment. The techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDS and DTA were employed for the characterization of the prepared samples. Conventional spectroscopic studies viz., optical absorption, photoluminescence, FTIR and Raman were also performed on these samples. The optical absorption spectra of the titled glass ceramics exhibited two principal absorption bands, one at about 594 nm and the second one consisting of multiplets with the meta centre at about 1455 nm ascribed to the 4A2 (4F) → 4T1 (4P) and 4A2 (4F) → 4T1 (4F) transitions of tetrahedrally coordinated Co2+ ions, respectively. Besides these, the spectra also exhibited two feeble bands at about 532 and 643 nm which are the characteristics of octahedrally coordinated Co2+ and Co3+ ions, respectively. Using Tanabe Sugano diagram the crystal field splitting parameter Dq, Racah parameters B, C and nephelauxetic ratio, β were evaluated for Co2+ ions. The photoluminescence spectra of the titled glass ceramics have exhibited two broad emission bands at 628 and 870 nm ascribed to 4T1 (4P) → 4A2 (4F) and 4T1 (4P) → 4T2 (4F) tetrahedral transitions of Co2+ ions, respectively. FTIR and Raman spectra of the titled samples exhibited various asymmetrical and symmetrical vibrational bands due to viz., silicate, germanate, PbO4, PbO6, AlO6, TeO4, TeO3 and CoIIIeO vibrations in the glass ceramic matrix. The spectroscopic investigations on the titled glass ceramics have revealed that if CoO is present in small quantities the cobalt ions predominantly occupy the octahedral sites in the glass network, whereas the tetrahedrally coordinated Co2+ ions are found to increase if the concentration of nucleating agent CoO is gradually increased up to 1.0 mol%. As a result the degree of depolymerization of the glass network decreases which in turn enhances its rigidity with increasing the concentration of nucleating agent CoO. From these investigations we report that the glass ceramics doped with 1.0 mol% of CoO are suitable for insulating devices as well as for photonic devices.
关键词： Photoluminescence,Raman spectra,XRD,Multi-component glass ceramics,SEM,Optical absorption,Cobalt ions
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Characterization and thermoluminescence behavior of beta irradiated NaBaBO3 phosphor synthesized by combustion method
摘要： NaBaBO3 host material was synthesized using the combustion method. In order to optimize the performance of the material, effects of sintering temperatures varying from 600 to 1000 °C were investigated. The sintering temperature and dwell time were found to have pronounced effects on the pure NaBaBO3 material. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to confirm the phase formation and examine the surface morphology of the prepared powder material, respectively. TL behavior of NaBaBO3 was studied at various beta doses. It is seen that the sample exhibits well resolved TL glow peak at a peak temperature about 175 °C and corresponding TL intensity increases with the increasing beta dose. However, TL glow peak slightly shifts to lower temperature with the increasing beta dose level. This is the first TL report of a phosphor with a NaBaBO3 host. The TL kinetic parameters were estimated by the peak shape (PS) method and CGCD software. TL glow curves of NaBaBO3 consist of several traps and exhibited second order kinetics. A possible TL mechanism was also discussed using the energy level model. The obtained results can provide valuable knowledge related to the investigation of the intrinsic nature characteristics of NaBaBO3 in research fields pertaining to dosimetry.
关键词： TLanal software,XRD,Peak shape method,NaBaBO3,Thermoluminescence,SEM
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Ion beam measurements for the investigation of TiN thin films deposited on different substrates by vacuum arc discharge
摘要： Titanium nitride thin films were deposited on different substrates using vacuum arc discharge system. Simultaneous ion beam analysis measurements including elastic backscattering (EBS) and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA); were applied for both composition analysis and thickness measurements of the prepared TiN films. Experimental conditions have been optimized to avoid overlapping of peaks of different nuclear reactions products, especially those related to interaction between ion beam and light elements present in totally different substrates. Independent compliment measurements utilizing time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis (TOF-ERDA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were also applied to verify the experimental findings obtained by EBS and NRA measurements. The results have shown that all prepared TiN films have N/Ti ratio of around 1, with low levels of contamination elements.
关键词： IBA,TiN film,XRD,Substrates,SEM/EDX,Vacuum arc discharge
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52