研究目的
Investigating the fabrication and characterization of lead sulfide (PbS) thin film based heterostructure (FTO/CdS/PbS/Ag) solar cell by nebulizer spray method.
研究成果
High quality and low-cost PbS films were prepared by NSP technique, additionally, it is used to manufacture a solar cell. The prepared films have polycrystalline nature with cubic crystal structure. The obtained crystallite size initially increased to 0.02M concentration and then reduced for 0.03M. SEM study confirmed the nanosized grains covering uniformly the entire film surface. EDAX spectra confirmed the presence of Pb, S, Cd. F, Sn and O in the device. The optical study showed the energy gap values in 1.8 - 1.51 eV range with respect to molar concentration. PL spectrum showed a shift in emission peak towards the higher wavelength from 575 to 580 nm for the increase in molar concentration. Electrical studies represented a low resistivity value of 2.92×103Ωcm for 0.02 M concentration. The solar cell structure (FTO/n-CdS/p-PbS/Ag) fabricated using 0.02 M confirmed that the use of PbS film in a PV device acts as an active absorber layer.
研究不足
The low efficiency observed in the present work is on account losses produced due to the defects created while processing the film. The lattice mismatch between the CdS and the PbS layer also can generate intermediary trap states at the PbS/CdS interface, consequently reduces the lifetime of the minority carriers.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection
Nebulizer spray-pyrolysis (NSP) technique was employed to prepare PbS films. The chemical spray solution consisted of lead nitrate (PbNO3) and thiourea (CS(NH2)2).
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources
PbS/Glass films were prepared using nebulizer spray method with different molar concentrations from 0.01M to 0.03M.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials
PAN analytical X’ Pert Pro XRD, EVO 18 ZEISS SEM, EDAX spectra, Stylus Profilometer (MitutoyoSJ-301), Lambda Perkin Elmer UV- Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer, Spectrofluorometer system, Keithley source-meter Model-2450.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow
The spray solution was converted into fumes using compressed air, which acts as a gas carrier in nebulizer spray unit. The fumes were sprayed onto the surface of the glass substrate for different molar concentrations. The deposition parameters such as nozzle to substrate distance (50 mm), substrate temperature (200oC), carrier gas pressure (0.1 Pascal), and the precursor solution volume (5 ml) were kept constant.
5：Data Analysis Methods
Structural properties were analyzed using XRD, morphology and elemental analysis was done using SEM and EDAX spectra, optical properties were measured using UV-Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer, electrical properties were determined by Hall-Effect measurements, and I-V characterization was performed using Keithley source-meter.
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