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PV shading fault detection and classification based on I-V curve using principal component analysis: Application to isolated PV system
摘要： Health monitoring and diagnosis of photovoltaic (PV) systems is becoming crucial to maximise the power production, increase the reliability and life service of PV power plants. Operating under faulty conditions, in particular under shading, PV plants have remarkable shape of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics in comparison to reference condition (healthy operation). Based on real electrical measurements (I-V), the present work aims to provide a very simple, robust and low cost Fault Detection and Classi?cation (FDC) method for PV shading faults. At ?rst, we extract the features for di?erent experimental tests under healthy and shading conditions to build the database. The features are then analysed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The accuracy of the data classi?cation into the PCA space is evaluated using the confusion matrix as a metric of class separability. The results using experimental data of a 250 Wp PV module are very promising with a successful classi?cation rate higher than 97% with four di?erent con?gurations. The method is also cost e?ective as it uses only electrical measurements that are already available. No additional sensors are required.
关键词： Fault classi?cation,Principal component analysis,Fault detection,I-V curves,PV shading faults
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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A model to evaluate the effect of shading objects on the energy yield gain of bifacial modules
摘要： Bifacial modules become popular due to the backside yield gain, which can reduce the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of photovoltaic system dramatically; the technical development of bifacial cell and double glass module technology are also important for the explosion of bifacial market. More and more people are attracted by the energy yield gain of bifacial modules; however, only little studies focus on the effect of backside shading objects on the module and system that would influence the energy yield gain. In this paper, an optic model is developed to evaluate the effect of the shading objects. The energy loss by the shading objects is also estimated by simulation and experiment. The result shows that when the shading objects are 40 mm vertical away from the modules, the shading effect could be greatly reduced. The frame height of bifacial modules should be smaller to reduce the shading effect by frames. It is better to remove the surface C of the frames to optimize the energy yield ability of bifacial modules.
关键词： Bifacial modules,Self-shading
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Current Trends towards Converging Technologies (ICCTCT) - Coimbatore (2018.3.1-2018.3.3)] 2018 International Conference on Current Trends towards Converging Technologies (ICCTCT) - Implementation of Differential Power Processing to Optimize the Solar Power Generation
摘要： The objective of this paper is to harvest the optimum power from solar panel using different MPPT techniques for low power application under non-uniform irradiance conditions. The overall power output of photovoltaic system is reduced due to partial shading. A new differential power converter along with INC control algorithm is introduced to reduce the partial shading effect and oscillations of output power.
关键词： Differential power processing,Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques,Photo-Voltaic (PV) array,Maximum Power Point (MPP),Partial Shading Condition (PSC)
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Novel bio-inspired memetic salp swarm algorithm and application to MPPT for PV systems considering partial shading condition
摘要： This paper proposes a novel bio-inspired optimization method named memetic salp swarm algorithm (MSSA). It is developed by extending the original salp swarm algorithm (SSA) with multiple independent salp chains, thus it can implement a wider exploration and a deeper exploitation under the memetic computing framework. In order to enhance the convergence stability, a virtual population based regroup operation is used for the global coordination between different salp chains. Due to partial shading condition (PSC) and fast time-varying weather conditions, photovoltaic (PV) systems may not be able to generate the global maximum power. Hence, MSSA is applied for an effective and efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of PV systems under PSC. To evaluate the MPPT performance of the proposed algorithm, four case studies are undertaken using Matlab/Simulink, e.g., start-up test, step change of solar irradiation, ramp change of solar irradiation and temperature, and field atmospheric data of Hong Kong. The obtained PV system responses are compared to that of eight existing MPPT algorithms, such as incremental conductance (INC), genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), artificial bees colony (ABC), cuckoo search algorithm (CSA), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), SSA, and teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO), respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the output energy generated by MSSA in Spring in HongKong is 118.57%, 100.73%, 100.96%, 100.87%, 101.35%, 100.36%, 100.81%, and 100.22% to that of INC, GA, PSO, ABC, CSA, GWO, SSA, and TLBO, respectively. Lastly, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiment using dSpace platform is undertaken to further validate the implementation feasibility of MSSA.
关键词： Solar energy harvesting,virtual population,MPPT,memetic salp swarm algorithm,partial shading condition
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Shading on Photovoltaic Collectors on Rooftops
摘要： Rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems in urban environments play an important role in solar electric energy generation. Shading on PV collectors, by self-shading walls and fences on rooftops, affect negatively the output energy of the PV systems. Increasing the distance between the collector rows, and between the walls and fences near to the collectors, may minimize the shading losses. Practically, this option is usually limited, especially on rooftops. Rooftops may be of different types: horizontal, inclined, and saw-tooth, and may have obscuring structures like walls and fences. The distance between the shading objects and the PV collector rows determine the loss of energy due to shading. The study provides the PV system designer with mathematical expressions for distances from obscuring objects for the deployment of PV systems on rooftops. The optimal inclination and azimuths angles of a PV system on a triangular sloped rooftop are also illustrated.
关键词： shading by walls and fences,PV on rooftops,row distance,shading losses
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 15th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 5th IEEE Southern Power Electronics Conference (COBEP/SPEC) - Santos, Brazil (2019.12.1-2019.12.4)] 2019 IEEE 15th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 5th IEEE Southern Power Electronics Conference (COBEP/SPEC) - Evaluation of Techniques to Reduce the Effects of Partial Shading on Photovoltaic Arrays
摘要： Shading is a harmful effect that decreases the power output of photovoltaic arrays. It can be observed that only a single shaded module is able to drastically reduce the energy production of the photovoltaic array. In addition, when shading reaches a larger number of modules, it becomes even more necessary to use techniques to reduce this effect, because in a series association the less efficient module limits the string current. This paper presents an analysis of six techniques that aim to reduce energy losses in photovoltaic panels operating under partial shading conditions. The techniques are evaluated through computer simulations, with the aid of PSIM? software. Therefore, a comparison is made between these techniques, defining which is the most suitable for each shading profile.
关键词： reconfiguration,photovoltaic modules,partial shading,by-pass diodes
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Bifacial Performance Modeling in Large Arrays
摘要： Bifacial modules are being deployed at large PV systems, because of the potential to increase energy output, but their performance is still uncertain, increasing financial risk. To address the opportunity that bifacial modules present, we have developed a bifacial performance model and integrated it into a full PV system model to estimate the backside irradiance, combine it with the front side, and predict the total output power. To understand the effect of bifacial on performance, the NIST test array was simulated with bifacial modules and compared to an equivalent monofacial system while varying tilt from 20° to 40°. A bifacial gain of 10% was observed which increased with increasing tilt angle. The maximum yield occurred at 30° for the bifacial system, but at 25° for the monofacial system, demonstrating the advantage of modeling bifacial systems to optimize their performance.
关键词： view factor,bifacial,system performance,shading
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC) - Montreal, QC, Canada (2019.10.16-2019.10.18)] 2019 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC) - Photovoltaic Array Reconfiguration to Reduce Partial Shading Losses using Water Cycle Algorithm
摘要： Partial Shading (PS) increases the power losses in Photovoltaic (PV) arrays significantly. Consequently, PS is considered one of the biggest challenges that face the operation of PV systems. PV arrays dynamic reconfiguration is a promising technique used to reduce PS losses. This paper proposes the Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA) as a new optimization technique for large PV array reconfiguration to reduce PS power losses. The execution time of the proposed algorithm is shorter than the existing algorithms when dealing with large PV arrays under irregular partial shading patterns.
关键词： photovoltaic,partial shading,reconfiguration,water cycle algorithm,optimization
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Shading, Dusting and Incorrect Positioning of Photovoltaic Modules as Important Factors in Performance Reduction
摘要： The amount of solar radiation reaching the front cover of a photovoltaic module is crucial for its performance. A number of factors must be taken into account at the design stage of the solar installation, which will ensure maximum utilization of the potential arising from the location. During the operation of a photovoltaic installation, it is necessary to limit the shading of the modules caused by both dust and shadowing by trees or other objects. The article presents an analysis of the impact of the radiation reaching the surface of the radiation module on the e?ciency obtained. Each of the analyzed aspects is important for obtaining the greatest amount of energy in speci?c geographical conditions. Modules contaminated by settling dust will be less e?cient than those without deposits. The results of experimental studies of this e?ect are presented, depending on the amount of impurities, including their origins and morphologies. In practice, it is impossible to completely eliminate shadowing caused by trees, uneven terrain, other buildings, chimneys, or satellite dishes, and so on, which limits the energy of solar radiation reaching the modules. An analysis of partial shading for the generated power was also carried out. An important way for maximizing the incoming radiation is the correct positioning of the modules relative to the sun. It is considered optimal to position the modules relative to the light source, that is, the sun, so that the rays fall perpendicular to the surfaces of the modules. Any deviation in the direction of the rays results in a loss in the form of a decrease in the available power of the module. The most bene?cial option would be to use sun-tracking systems, but they represent an additional investment cost, and their installations require additional space and maintenance. Therefore, the principle was adopted that stationary systems should be oriented to the south, using the optimal angle of inclination of the module surface appropriate for the location. This article presents the dependence of the decrease in obtained power on the angle of deviation from the optimal one.
关键词： energy losses,photovoltaic module,shading,maximum power generation,dusting,optimal orientation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Understanding partial shading effects in shingled PV modules
摘要： Shingled solar modules are one of several technologies currently being considered to obtain higher solar module efficiencies. Using equivalent circuit modelling this paper investigates the robustness of shingled modules to partial shading with respect to the power produced and the power dissipated in shaded shingles. The modeling results are experimentally verified. We find that power losses in shingled modules can be larger than in conventional modules for similar shading conditions. The risk of significant local heating resulting from partial shading, potentially leading to catastrophic module failure can also be higher in shingled modules due to the substantially higher reverse biases experienced by shaded shingles. Both risks can effectively be mitigated by operating each shingled module at its own maximum power point, for instance by using module level power electronics on each module or by incorporating a sufficient number of bypass diodes into the module design.
关键词： Partial shading,High efficiency modules,Hot spots,Modelling,Shingled modules
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01