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Battery-assisted low-cost hydrogen production from solar energy: Rational target setting for future technology systems
摘要： The massive implementation of renewable energy requires sophisticated assessments considering the combination of feasible technology options. In this study, a techno-economic analysis was conducted for hydrogen production from photovoltaic power generation (PV) utilizing a battery-assisted electrolyzer. The installed capacity of each component technology was optimized for the wide range of unit costs of electricity from the PV, battery, and proton-exchange membrane electrolyzer. Leveling of PV output by battery, the necessary capacity of electrolyzer is suppressed and the operating ratio of electrolyzer increases. The battery-assist will result in a lower hydrogen production cost when the benefit associated with the smaller capacity and higher operation ratio of the electrolyzer exceeds the necessary investment for battery installation. The results from this study indicated the cost of hydrogen as low as 17 to 27 JPY/Nm3 using a combination of technologies and the achievement of ambitious individual cost targets for batteries, PV, and electrolyzers.
关键词： Techno-economic analysis,Technology roadmap,Off-grid production,Proton-exchange membrane electrolyzer
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Wind Energy and Applications in Algeria (ICWEAA) - Algiers, Algeria (2018.11.6-2018.11.7)] 2018 International Conference on Wind Energy and Applications in Algeria (ICWEAA) - Optimal Sizing Of Hybrid PV/Wind Based Water Pumping System Considering Reliability And Economic Aspects
摘要： In rural areas, provision of drinking water is one of the most important requirements of living conditions, and most of these isolated areas are not connected to the electricity grid. Conventional technology solutions provided by diesel generators are costly because of high maintenance and fuel supply costs and have drawbacks related to noise and especially greenhouse gas emissions. New technological solutions provided by solar and wind water pumping systems are experiencing high growth rates in recent years. Because of their high initial capital cost, many studies on their optimal sizing have been carried out. In this paper, an optimal sizing model based on Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed. The main goal is to deal with the optimal sizing problem of hybrid PV-Wind-based water pumping system taking into account the techno-economic aspects. The developed method uses the PSO algorithm to find the optimal configuration of the studied hybrid system insuring minimum cost and satisfying a desired loss of power supply probability. A computing code is developed and a flexible graphical interface is designed.
关键词： PSO Optimization,LPSP,Techno-economic analysis,PV-Wind based water pumping
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Techno-economic impacts of using a laser-guided variable-rate spraying system to retrofit conventional constant-rate sprayers
摘要： Specialty crops, such as apples, are vulnerable to insects and pathogens, and require higher pesticide input than row crops, a significant fraction of which is off-target loss, causing adverse environmental and socio-economic impacts. An advanced laser-guided variable-rate sprayer (VRS) could improve spray deposition uniformity and minimize pesticide waste, while maintaining efficacy against insects and pathogens. Despite these merits, retrofitting a conventional sprayer with laser-guided variable-rate spraying functions adds to its cost. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the techno-economics of a conventional pesticide sprayer retrofitted with VRS, in comparison to a conventional constant-rate sprayer (CRS) for pesticide application during apple production. A techno-economic model was developed for the apple orchards covering areas of 4 and 20 ha, which are common orchard sizes in the USA. The model incorporated cost for operation, equipment, fuel use and labor during pesticide application. The data were obtained from field tests in orchards in Ohio, USA in years 2016 and 2017, literature, and the original VRS development team at USDA-ARS and Ohio State University. The results indicated that VRS can reduce pesticide costs by 60–67%, pesticide application time by 27–32% and labor and fuel by 28% compared to CRS. For larger orchards, VRS also reduced equipment requirement. Compared to CRS, overall annual pesticide application cost savings by using VRS were between $1420 and $1750 ha?1. The payback time for using VRS was estimated to be between 1.1 and 3.8 years for apple orchards between 4 and 20 ha, respectively, in Ohio.
关键词： Pesticide,Laser-guided variable-rate sprayer,Insects and pathogens,Techno-economic analysis,Apple orchard
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Environmental impacts and economic feasibility of end of life photovoltaic panels in Australia: A comprehensive assessment
摘要： The severe challenges of the end-of-life management of photovoltaic panels are predicted to enter its critical stage in Australia from the early 2030s owing to the wide-reaching deployment of PV panels in the past two decades. There appears to be a lack of holistic strategy concerning the environmental impacts of disposal scenarios and also enacting of comprehensive local policy and regulations. As a way forward in the promotion of the sustainable management of this complex waste flow, this study performed an inclusive life cycle assessment utilizing SimaPro 9.0.029, and an economic feasibility analysis employing the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method for various scenarios. The performed LCA in this paper highlighted the environmental burden and credit responsibilities of an industrial scale treatment procedure proposed for Australia. Findings from the analysis indicated that the domestic treatment of EoL PV module is feasible and includes high-profit margins while making a considerable reduction on environmental burdens and resource losses. The outcome of the economic feasibility assessment has shown some promising numbers for 20,000 tonnes per year of annual PV waste flow. Hence, the variation of the critical economic factors could not affect the feasibility of the treatment pathway. However, the plant with a yearly capacity of 10,000 tonnes EoL PV panels did not show profitability at any condition unless the Australian government considers a special tax-exemption during the loan lifetime. Finally, this study illuminates toward the sustainable management of EoL PV panels and circular economy pathway by providing useful concrete evidence to the decision-makers.
关键词： techno-economic analysis,End-of-life PV module,LCA,Waste management,End-of-life photovoltaic,Cost-effective analysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Assessment of technical and financial benefits of AC and DC microgrids based on solar photovoltaic
摘要： Microgrid deployments are expanding around the world as the most suitable solution to integrate distributed renewable energy sources to meet the increasing load demands and to power-up the remote areas. The installation of DC microgrid can improve system ef?ciency and reduces the cost of electrical infrastructure compared to the AC microgrid. However, the main challenge of implementing DC microgrid is the existing structure of the AC distribution system. In addition to the previous researches performed on DC microgrids, this paper proposes a framework to assess the technical and ?nancial bene?ts of implementing the AC and DC microgrids. The power loss, voltage drop and system ef?ciency have been investigated for the AC and DC microgrids during the steady-state condition. Furthermore, the dynamic behaviors of AC and DC microgrids have been analyzed when each system subjected to disturbance such as short-circuit fault, aiming to evaluate the system response. In the next stage, techno-economic analysis has been carried out to determine the optimal size of solar PV system connected to each AC or DC microgrid with its energy storage, according to the meteorological and load pro?le data of the selected remote area in Sarawak (Malaysia). The study presented in this paper justi?es that DC microgrid is potentially more bene?cial than AC microgrid. However, the stability of the system during fault condition is the main problem in the DC microgrid. Therefore, it can be concluded that the protection and control of DC microgrids should be the key areas of future researches.
关键词： AC and DC microgrid con?gurations,Cost optimization,Techno-economic analysis,System losses
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - Techno-economic optimization of molten salt solar tower plants
摘要： In this paper the results of a techno-economic analysis of improved and optimized molten salt solar tower plants (MSSTP plants) are presented. The potential improvements that were analyzed include different receiver designs, different designs of the HTF-system and plant control, increased molten salt temperatures (up to 640°C) and multi-tower systems. Detailed technological and economic models of the solar field, solar receiver and high temperature fluid system (HTF-system) were developed and used to find potential improvements compared to a reference plant based on Solar Two technology and up-to-date cost estimations. The annual yield model calculates the annual outputs and the LCOE of all variants. An improved external tubular receiver and improved HTF-system achieves a significant decrease of LCOE compared to the reference. This is caused by lower receiver cost as well as improvements of the HTF-system and plant operation strategy, significantly reducing the plant own consumption. A novel star receiver shows potential for further cost decrease. The cavity receiver concepts result in higher LCOE due to their high investment cost, despite achieving higher efficiencies. Increased molten salt temperatures seem possible with an adapted, closed loop HTF-system and achieve comparable results to the original improved system (with 565°C) under the given boundary conditions. In this analysis all multi tower systems show lower economic viability compared to single tower systems, caused by high additional cost for piping connections and higher cost of the receivers.
关键词： receiver designs,HTF-system,molten salt solar tower plants,plant control,techno-economic analysis,increased molten salt temperatures,multi-tower systems
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - Techno-economic analysis of a small scale solar power tower at varied locations
摘要： Location selection is an important factor for the effectiveness and cost of a solar electricity generation system. Latitude and weather impact efficiency and availability, and local labor rates have a further influence on cost. To explore the impact of these effects, we performed techno-economic analysis of a small-scale solar power tower concept in six different locations in the United States, Australia, and India. The specific configuration we considered has a nominal power rating of 100 kWe and 5 hours of thermal energy storage. Further, we considered two deployment strategies: a single stand-alone 100 kWe tower, and a 20 MWe cluster of many towers. For each scenario, we used a probabilistic analysis method to evaluate levelized cost of electricity. We found that this configuration has potential for cost-competitive electricity generation and the ability to improve grid flexibility for integration of intermittent renewables. In addition, solar resource, latitude, and local labor rates all have an impact on the levelized cost of electricity of the system.
关键词： levelized cost of electricity,solar power tower,thermal energy storage,techno-economic analysis,renewable energy
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46