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Ultrafast synthesis of gold nanosphere cluster coated by graphene quantum dot for active targeting PA/CT imaging and near-infrared laser/pH-triggered chemo-photothermal synergistic tumor therapy
摘要： In this work, simple raw materials and reaction conditions were used to synthesize a versatile nanoprobe using a one-step method. Graphene quantum dot (GQD) and gold chloride were mixed and irradiated with ultra-violet (UV) radiation for 1 min. Then, the gold nanosphere cluster with the diameter of 50 nm and coated using GQD was formed using a facile one-step approach. GQD played the roles of reducing agent, stabilizer and drug carrier instead of a harmful reducing agent or stabilizer. The nanoprobe had good dispersion, stability, excellent photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and computed tomography (CT) imaging performance, low cytotoxicity and photothermal conversion e?ciency of up to 51.31%. The results for cell and animal experiments showed that targeted PAI/CT imaging of tumor after modi?cation of folic acid (FA) could be obtained using the probe. Meanwhile, after the adsorption of doxorubicin, the chemo-photothermal combined therapy for tumor could be carried out through controlled drug release from GQD under heated and acidic environment of tumor. Additionally, the treatment e?ect was signi?cantly superior to single modes. The body weight, Hematoxylin and Eeosin (H&E) staining of main organs and blood biochemical indicators showed that the probe had good biological safety after injection. The current work proposes a new dual-mode bio-imaging and chemo-photothermal combined therapy nanoprobe, which presents good application prospect for tumor theragnostic.
关键词： CT imaging,One-step synthesis,Drug release,Photoacoustic imaging,Chemo-photothermal therapy
更新于2025-11-25 10:30:42
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Low-level laser therapy affects dentinogenesis and angiogenesis of in vitro 3D cultures of dentin-pulp complex
摘要： To investigate the effects of gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on angiogenesis and dentinogenesis of the dentin-pulp complex in a human tooth slice-based in vitro model. Forty tooth slices were prepared from 31 human third molars. Slices were cultured at 37 °C, 5% CO2, and 95% humidity and randomly assigned to one of the following groups: group I: no laser treatment, group II: 660-nm diode laser; energy density = 1 J/cm2, group III: 660-nm diode laser; energy density = 3 J/cm2, group IV: 810-nm diode laser; energy density = 1 J/cm2 and group V: 810-nm diode laser; energy density = 3 J/cm2. LLLT was applied on the third and fifth days of culture. After 7 days, tissues were retrieved for real-time RT-PCR analysis to investigate the expression of VEGF, VEGFR2, DSPP, DMP-1, and BSP in respect to controls. Lower energy density (1 J/cm2) with the 660 nm wavelength showed a statistically significant up-regulation of both angiogenic (VEGF: 15.3-folds and VEGFR2: 3.8-folds) and odontogenic genes (DSPP: 6.1-folds, DMP-1: 3-fold, and BSP: 6.7-folds). While the higher energy density (3 J/cm2) with the 810 nm wavelength resulted in statistically significant up-regulation of odontogenic genes (DSPP: 2.5-folds, DMP-1: 17.7-folds, and BSP: 7.1-folds), however, the angiogenic genes had variable results where VEGF was up-regulated while VEGFR2 was down-regulated. Low-level laser therapy could be a useful tool to promote angiogenesis and dentinogenesis of the dentin-pulp complex when parameters are optimized.
关键词： Low-level laser therapy,Dentinogenesis,Dentin-pulp complex,Angiogenesis,Tooth slice model
更新于2025-11-25 10:30:42
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Antiangiogenesis-Combined Photothermal Therapy in the Second Near-Infrared Window at Laser Powers Below the Skin Tolerance Threshold
摘要： Photothermal agents with strong light absorption in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) region (1000–1350 nm) are strongly desired for successful photothermal therapy (PTT). In this work, titania-coated Au nanobipyramids (NBP@TiO2) with a strong plasmon resonance in the NIR-II window were synthesized. The NBP@TiO2 nanostructures have a high photothermal conversion efficiency of (93.3 ± 5.2)% under 1064-nm laser irradiation. They are also capable for loading an anticancer drug combretastatin A-4 phosphate (CA4P). In vitro PTT studies reveal that 1064-nm laser irradiation can efficiently ablate human lung cancer A549 cells and enhance the anticancer effect of CA4P. Moreover, the CA4P-loaded NBP@TiO2 nanostructures combined with PTT induce a synergistic antiangiogenesis effect. In vivo studies show that such CA4P-loaded NBP@TiO2 nanostructures under mild 1064-nm laser irradiation at an optical power density of 0.4 W cm?2, which is lower than the skin tolerance threshold value, exhibit a superior antitumor effect. This work presents not only the development of the NBP@TiO2 nanostructures as a novel photothermal agent responsive in the NIR-II window but also a unique combined chemo-photothermal therapy strategy for cancer therapy.
关键词： Antiangiogenesis therapy,Gold nanobipyramids,Plasmon resonance,Core@shell nanostructures,Photothermal therapy
更新于2025-11-21 11:24:58
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Graphene quantum dot based charge-reversal nanomaterial for nucleus-targeted drug delivery and efficiency controllable photodynamic therapy
摘要： Graphene quantum dots (GQD), the new zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterial, has been demonstrated as a promising material for biomedical applications due to its good biocompatibility and low toxicity. However, the integration of multiple therapeutic approaches into a nano-sized platform based on the GQD has not been explored yet to our best knowledge. In this report, we regulate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when using the GQD as a photosensitizer by varying the doping amount of nitrogen atoms to achieve efficiency controllable photodynamic therapy (PDT). On the other hand, charge-reversal (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) was employed to conjugate on the surface of GQD for nucleus targeting drug delivery for the first time. The treatment outcome of produced ROS and nucleus-targeting drug delivery was investigated by fluorescence imaging. The results demonstrated that the N-GQD-DOX-APTES in dual roles as a drug carrier and photosensitizer could achieve nucleus-targeting delivery and strong ROS production simultaneously. This approach provides a promising strategy for the development of multifunctional therapy in one nano platform for biomedical applications.
关键词： nucleus-targeted drug delivery,Graphene quantum dots,nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots,charge-reversal,photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-11-21 11:24:58
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Combined treatment of low‐level laser therapy and phloroglucinol for inhibition of fibrosis
摘要： Background and Objectives: Fibrosis is a highly prevalent disease, which is responsible for 45% of deaths through pathological effects in developed countries. Previous studies have reported that low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) can modulate fibrotic activity, but significant enhancement of therapeutic efficacy is still required for clinical translation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasible effect of LLLT combined with phloroglucinol (PHL) on the inhibition of fibrosis in vitro. Study Design/Materials and Methods: NIH/3T3 murine embryonic fibroblasts cells were cultured and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) was treated for transition of fibroblasts. After TGF‐β1 treatment, LLLT and PHL were used, respectively, and in combination to suppress fibrosis. 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide and BrdU assays were performed to estimate the cell viability and proliferation. To evaluate the expression of fibrotic markers, we used confocal immunofluorescence and western blot. Results: When compared with respectively treated groups, the group with the combined treatment of LLLT and PHL significantly reduced cell viability and proliferation. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the combined group minimized more α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and type I collagen than the other groups. Western blot analysis showed that the combined treatment had significant decreases in α‐SMA, TGF‐β1, and type I collagen. Conclusions: PHL‐assisted LLLT may be an effective treatment to inhibit fibrosis due to its additive effects. The combined treatment has a potential to be an alternative treatment for fibrosis.
关键词： low‐level laser therapy,phloroglucinol,combined therapy,fibrosis
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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Differential photothermal and photodynamic performance behaviors of gold nanorods, nanoshells and nanocages under identical energy conditions
摘要： Various gold (Au) nanostructures have shown promising near infrared (NIR) light-activated phototherapeutic effects; however, their reported photothermal or photodynamic performance behavior is usually inconsistent or even conflicted, dramatically limiting the improvement of phototherapeutic Au nanostructures. The potential reason for this uncertainty is mainly because the photoactivities of Au nanostructures are not evaluated under identical energy conditions. Herein, three Au nanostructures, Au nanorods (NRs), nanoshells (NSs), and nanocages (NCs), were prepared to provide the same localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peaks at 808 nm. All these Au nanostructures (at the same optical density) could fully exert their photoactivities under the identical and optimal energy condition of 808 nm laser irradiation. It was found that these Au nanostructures could induce similar levels of temperature elevation but different levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, where Au NCs exhibited the highest ROS production, followed by Au NSs and NRs. In vitro and in vivo phototherapeutic assessments further supported that Au NCs could cause the most severe cell death and tumor growth regression. This means that the identical incident energy has different contribution to photothermal and photodynamic performance of Au nanostructures, and the corner angle structures of Au NCs compared with NSs and NCs could more efficiently convert the photon energy into photodynamic property. Taken all together, Au NCs hold great potential for phototherapy due to their efficient energy utilization capability.
关键词： reactive oxygen species,photodynamic therapy,gold nanostructures,photothermal therapy,cancer treatment
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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A Near Infrared-Modulated Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Stabilization of Indocyanine Green and Combinatorial Anticancer Phototherapy
摘要： Indocyanine green (ICG), a multifunctional near-infrared (NIR) imaging agent approved by the FDA, has been extensively used in clinical cancer theranosis, but limited by its inherent instability, short plasma half-life and lack of targeting ability. Herein, an in situ formed photothermal network based thermosensitive hydrogel (PNT-gel) constructed by supramolecular cross-linking conjugated polymers was developed for stabilization of ICG and efficient combinatorial photothermal/photodynamic antitumor therapy. While the conjugated polymeric backbone in PNT-gel anchored the aromatic phototherapeutic agent ICG via π–π stacking interactions to avoid premature leakage, it also directly converted low-dose NIR light to induce localized hyperthermia to enhance the photothermal effect. The PNT-gel shows a reversible gel-to-sol upper critical solution temperature (UCST) that is slightly above the body temperature. Therefore, the controlled release of ICG was switched on or off by NIR via photothermal-induced gel-sol transition. In vitro and in vivo antitumor experiments demonstrated that ICG loaded PNT-gel not only efficiently induced the killing of 4T1 cancer cells, but also achieved almost complete eradication of 4T1 cells by one-dose in combinatorial photothermal/photodynamic therapy under irradiation of a low-dose 808 nm laser (0.14 W cm-2). Additionally, the combinational therapy proved to enhance the effectiveness of photodestruction without tumor recurrence compared with intratumoral injection photothermal therapy (PTT) or photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment alone.
关键词： Near Infrared-Modulated Thermosensitive Hydrogel,Combinatorial Anticancer Phototherapy,Indocyanine Green,Photodynamic Therapy,Photothermal Therapy
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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Hyaluronic acid functionalized nanoparticles loaded with IR780 and DOX for cancer chemo-photothermal therapy
摘要： IR780 is a near infrared (NIR) dye with a huge potential to be applied in cancer phototherapy and imaging. However, IR780 poor water solubility and acute cytotoxicity limit its direct use in cancer theragnostic. Herein, a novel Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based amphiphilic polymer was used, for the first time, in the preparation of polymeric nanoparticles (HPN) encapsulating IR780 aimed to be applied in breast cancer therapy. Furthermore, HPN co-encapsulating IR780 and Doxorubicin (DOX) were also produced in order to further enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of this nanoformulation. The results revealed that HPN were able to successfully encapsulate IR780 (IR-HPN) and the IR780-DOX combination (IR/DOX-HPN). Furthermore, the encapsulation of IR780 in HPN improved its absorption at 808 nm by about 2.2-fold, thereby enhancing its photothermal potential, as well as its cytocompatibility. The 2D in vitro cell uptake studies demonstrated that the nanostructures displayed a higher internalization by breast cancer cells than by normal cells. In addition, the assays performed in 3D in vitro models of breast cancer revealed that HPN can penetrate into spheroids. Furthermore, the 3D in vitro studies also demonstrated that the combined application of IR-HPN and NIR light was unable to induce cytotoxicity on spheroids. In contrast, IR/DOX-HPN produced a decrease on spheroids cells’ viability, and their combination with NIR light induced an even stronger therapeutic effect, thus revealing the potential of these nanoparticles for cancer chemo-phototherapy.
关键词： Cancer,Polymeric Nanoparticles,Chemotherapy,IR780,Photothermal therapy,Doxorubicin
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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Biomimetic Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles for Cooperatively Combination of Antiangiogenesis and Photodynamic Therapy for Enhanced Efficacy
摘要： Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising anticancer treatment and is clinically approved for different types of tumors. However, current PDT suffers several obstacles, including its neutralization by excess glutathione (GSH) in the tumor tissue and its strongly proangiogenic tumor response. In this work, a biomimic, multifunctional nanoparticle-based PDT agent, combining a tumor-targeted photosensitizer with GSH scavenging and antiangiogenesis therapy, is developed. A porphyrinic Zr–metal–organic framework nanoparticle is used simultaneously as the photosensitizer and the delivery vehicle of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) inhibitor apatinib. The core nanoparticles are wrapped in MnO2 to consume the intratumoral GSH and then decorated with a tumor cell membrane camouflage. After intravenous administration, the nanoparticles selectively accumulate in tumor through homotypic targeting mediated by the biomimic decoration, and the combination of enhanced PDT and antiangiogenic drug significantly improves their tumor inhibition efficiency. This study provides an integrated solution for mechanism-based enhancement of PDT and demonstrates the encouraging potential for multifunctional nanosystem applicable for tumor therapy.
关键词： glutathione metabolism,photodynamic therapy,MOF,angiogenesis inhibition,biomimetic nanoparticle
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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Multifunctional Thermosensitive Liposomes Based on Natural Phase Change Material: Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Drug Release and Multimodal Imaging Guided Cancer Combination Therapy
摘要： Multifunctional theranostic nanoplatforms (NPs) in response to environment stimulations for on-demand drug release are highly desirable. Herein, the near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing dye, indocyanine green (ICG) and the antitumor drug, doxorubicin (DOX) were efficiently co-encapsulated into the thermosensitive liposomes based on natural phase change material (PCM). Folate and conjugated gadolinium chelate-modified liposome shells enhance active targeting and magnetic resonance (MR) performance of the NPs while maintaining the size of the NPs. The ICG/DOX loaded and gadolinium chelates conjugated temperature-sensitive liposomes nanoplatforms (ID@TSL-Gd NPs) exhibited NIR-triggered drug release and prominent chemo-, photothermal, photodynamic therapy properties. With the co-encapsulated ICG, DOX and the conjugated gadolinium chelates, the ID@TSL-Gd NPs can be used for triple-modal imaging (fluorescence/photoacoustic/magnetic resonance imaging, FL/PAI/MRI) guided combination tumor therapy (chemotherapy, photothermotherapy and photodynamic therapy, Chemo/PTT/PDT). After tail vein injection, the ID@TSL-Gd NPs accumulated effectively in subcutaneous HeLa tumor of mice. The tumor was effectively suppressed by accurate imaging guided NIR triggered phototherapy and chemotherapy, and no tumor regression and side effects were observed. In summary, the prepared ID@TSL-Gd NPs achieved multimodal imaging-guided cancer combination therapy, providing a promising platform for improving diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
关键词： Multimodal imaging,Liposomes,Thermosensitive,Combination therapy,Phase change material
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12