1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

A one-step method was used to synthesize the nanoprobe by mixing graphene quantum dot (GQD) and gold chloride and irradiating with UV radiation for 1 min. GQD acted as a reducing agent, stabilizer, and drug carrier.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

HeLa and A549 cells were used for in vitro experiments, and BALB/c nude mice were used for in vivo experiments.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Instruments included Nano-ZS90 nanometer size meter, UV-2550 UV–Vis spectrophotometer, EasIR-9 thermal imager, X'Pert PRO X-ray di?ractometer, concentrator plus, MDL-III-808–2.5 W laser, IX71 ?uorescence microscope, Tecnai G20 U-Twin high-resolution transmission electron microscope, FV1000 laser scanning confocal microscope, WFX-200 atomic absorption spectrophotometer, in-house built CT and PAI systems.

4：5 W laser, IX71 ?uorescence microscope, Tecnai G20 U-Twin high-resolution transmission electron microscope, FV1000 laser scanning confocal microscope, WFX-200 atomic absorption spectrophotometer, in-house built CT and PAI systems. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: The synthesis process involved mixing GQD and gold chloride, UV irradiation, purification, and characterization. In vitro and in vivo experiments included cytotoxicity assays, hemolysis assays, PAI, CT imaging, and therapeutic evaluations.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using statistical techniques and software tools for imaging and therapeutic effect evaluation.